ABMM無料問題集「American Society of Microbiology ABMM」

質問 1

A patient presents with perianal itching, particularly at night. Microscopic examination of cellophane tape preparation from the perianal area reveals oval-shaped eggs with one flattened side. The MOST likely causative organism is:

（A）Strongyloides stercoralis

（B）Ascaris lumbricoides

（C）Enterobius vermicularis

（D）Trichuris trichiura

正解：C 解答を投票する

質問 2

An immunocompromised patient develops a disseminated fungal infection. Blood cultures are negative, but a serum galactomannan assay is strongly positive. A CT scan of the chest reveals multiple nodular lesions with a halo sign. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is analyzed by PCR, yielding a positive result for Aspergillus fumigatus. The halo sign observed on the CT scan is primarily attributed to:

（A）Formation of thick-walled cysts containing fungal conidia.

（B）Angioinvasion by Aspergillus hyphae leading to localized hemorrhage and necrosis.

（C）A hypersensitivity reaction in the lung parenchyma.

（D）Extensive granuloma formation surrounding fungal hyphae.

正解：B 解答を投票する

質問 3

A researcher is investigating the mechanism of action of a novel antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The agent binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and prevents the translocation of peptidyl- tRNA. This mechanism of action is similar to which of the following antibiotics?

（A）Vancomycin

（B）Ciprofloxacin

（C）Azithromycin

（D）Penicillin

正解：C 解答を投票する

質問 4

A microbiology laboratory is performing Gram staining on a bacterial smear. If the safranin counterstain is omitted, Gram-negative bacteria will appear:

（A）Colorless

（B）Purple

（C）Brown

（D）Blue

正解：A 解答を投票する

質問 5

Which virus is recognized as the leading cause of sporadic, severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children globally, for which effective vaccines are now available?

（A）Norovirus

（B）Astrovirus

（C）Rotavirus

（D）Enteric Adenovirus (serotypes 40, 41)

正解：C 解答を投票する

質問 6

Caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin belong to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents. Their primary mechanism of action involves the non-competitive inhibition of:

（A）Fungal cell wall synthesis via (1#3)-#-D-glucan synthase

（B）Ergosterol synthesis via lanosterol demethylase

（C）Fungal protein synthesis via ribosomal binding

（D）Nucleic acid synthesis via thymidylate synthase

正解：A 解答を投票する

質問 7

A patient develops a febrile illness with jaundice and dark urine after receiving a blood transfusion.
Laboratory testing reveals an elevated level of unconjugated bilirubin and a positive direct Coombs test.
Serological testing is positive for antibodies against a protozoan parasite that infects erythrocytes. The MOST likely causative agent is:

（A）Trypanosoma cruzi

（B）Plasmodium falciparum

（C）Babesia microti

（D）Toxoplasma gondii

正解：C 解答を投票する

質問 8

A microbiology laboratory is investigating an outbreak of bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from multiple infants show indistinguishable banding patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This finding MOST strongly suggests:

（A）Widespread antibiotic resistance within the S. epidermidis population.

（B）Spontaneous mutations leading to increased pathogenicity.

（C）Recent horizontal gene transfer of virulence factors.

（D）A common source of infection and clonal spread of the organism.

正解：D 解答を投票する

質問 9

A previously healthy 28-year-old female develops a severe, watery diarrhea after attending a picnic where she consumed potato salad that had been left unrefrigerated for several hours. Stool culture reveals numerous Gram-positive bacilli. Further biochemical testing shows the organism is beta-hemolytic on blood agar and produces a heat-stable enterotoxin. The MOST likely causative agent is:

（A）Clostridium difficile

（B）Vibrio cholerae

（C）Staphylococcus aureus

（D）Bacillus cereus

正解：D 解答を投票する

質問 10

A clinical microbiology laboratory is implementing a new real-time PCR assay for the direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine samples. To ensure the accuracy of negative results, it is essential to include:

（A）A positive control containing Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA.

（B）A high concentration of the Chlamydia trachomatis target sequence.

（C）A melting curve analysis to confirm the specificity of the amplicon.

（D）An internal amplification control to detect PCR inhibition.

正解：D 解答を投票する

ABMM 無料問題集「American Society of Microbiology ABMM」

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