ABMM無料問題集「American Society of Microbiology ABMM」

質問 1

A patient with a history of neutropenia develops a severe sinus infection. Tissue biopsy reveals broad, ribbon- like, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching. The MOST likely causative organism belongs to the order:

（A）Eurotiales

（B）Aspergillales

（C）Onygenales

（D）Mucorales

正解：D 解答を投票する

質問 2

Which biosafety level (BSL) is required for clinical laboratory work involving the propagation (culture) of Coccidioides immitis/posadasii?

（A）BSL-4

（B）BSL-2

（C）BSL-3

（D）BSL-1

正解：C 解答を投票する

質問 3

A microbiology laboratory is processing a sputum sample from a patient with chronic cough and night sweats.
After Ziehl-Neelsen staining, acid-fast bacilli are observed. Culture on Lowenstein-Jensen medium is positive after several weeks. Drug susceptibility testing reveals resistance to isoniazid and rifampin. This patient is MOST likely infected with:

（A）Mycobacterium avium complex

（B）Actinomyces israelii

（C）Nocardia asteroides

（D）Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

正解：D 解答を投票する

質問 4

A Gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a 2-year-old child with meningitis shows small, pleomorphic Gram-negative coccobacilli. Culture on chocolate agar yields growth, but there is no growth on standard 5% sheep blood agar unless streaked near a colony of Staphylococcus aureus. This phenomenon indicates a requirement for which growth factor(s)?

（A）Factor X (hemin) only

（B）Factor V (NAD) only

（C）Cysteine and pyridoxal

（D）Both Factor X and Factor V

正解：B 解答を投票する

質問 5

A patient with a history of travel to South America presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral blood smear reveals the presence of trypomastigotes. The MOST likely diagnosis is:

（A）Malaria

（B）African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)

（C）Leishmaniasis

（D）Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)

正解：D 解答を投票する

質問 6

A patient with a history of solid organ transplantation develops a severe respiratory illness. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA by PCR, and cytological examination reveals characteristic "owl's eye" inclusions in enlarged cells. The MOST appropriate management strategy for this patient would include:

（A）Treatment with antiviral agents such as ganciclovir or valganciclovir.

（B）Administration of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.

（C）Initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover potential bacterial coinfections.

（D）Supportive care and monitoring for spontaneous resolution.

正解：A 解答を投票する

質問 7

An immunocompromised patient develops a disseminated fungal infection. Blood cultures are consistently negative. However, a serum beta-D-glucan assay is markedly elevated. Tissue biopsy reveals the presence of hyaline, septate hyphae with dichotomous branching. The MOST likely causative organism is:

（A）Cryptococcus neoformans

（B）Mucor species

（C）Aspergillus fumigatus

（D）Rhizopus species

正解：C 解答を投票する

質問 8

A sputum sample from a patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis is submitted for AFB smear and culture. The smear is reported as positive for acid-fast bacilli (4+). Which method is considered the gold standard for confirming the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from culture?

（A）HPLC analysis of mycolic acids

（B）Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) targeting specific MTC sequences

（C）Growth rate and colony morphology on Löwenstein-Jensen media

（D）Niacin accumulation test

正解：B 解答を投票する

質問 9

A diagnostic laboratory is validating a new multiplex PCR panel for respiratory pathogens. According to CLIA regulations, which of the following parameters must be established by the laboratory performing the validation for this qualitative nucleic acid amplification test?

（A）Accuracy, Precision, Analytical Sensitivity, Analytical Specificity (including cross-reactivity)

（B）Precision, Reportable Range, Analytical Specificity, Reference Interval

（C）Accuracy, Precision, Clinical Sensitivity, Clinical Specificity

（D）Accuracy, Precision, Reportable Range, Analytical Sensitivity

正解：A 解答を投票する

質問 10

A research team is investigating the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They discover that a specific mycobacterial glycolipid inhibits the maturation of phagosomes containing the bacteria, preventing their fusion with lysosomes. This mechanism allows M. tuberculosis to:

（A）Escape from the phagolysosome into the cytoplasm.

（B）Evade detection by Toll-like receptors on macrophages.

（C）Induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

（D）Survive and replicate within macrophages.

正解：D 解答を投票する

ABMM 無料問題集「American Society of Microbiology ABMM」

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