PRAXIS2 無料問題集「PRAXIS Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST) II」
The fossil remain of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more
than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted
hangglider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly
what these creatures were-reptiles or birds-are among the questions scientist have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls,
pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the
class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like
membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws, in birds the second finger is the
principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of features. If the pterosaur walked or remained
stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape
along side of the animal's body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the
pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the birds,
however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned
that flying vertebrates must have been warm blooded because flying implies a high internal temperature.
Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the
body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and
relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidenced that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became air-borne have led to suggestions that they launched
themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests
of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaur's hind feet
resembled a bat's and could served as hooks by which the animal could bang in preparation for flight. The
second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without
damaging their wings. The birds call for high waves to channels updrafts. The wind that made such waves
however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.
The authors mentions that English literature "was" not part of any academic curriculum "in the early
nineteenth century in order to
than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted
hangglider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly
what these creatures were-reptiles or birds-are among the questions scientist have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls,
pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the
class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like
membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws, in birds the second finger is the
principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of features. If the pterosaur walked or remained
stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape
along side of the animal's body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the
pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the birds,
however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned
that flying vertebrates must have been warm blooded because flying implies a high internal temperature.
Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the
body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and
relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidenced that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became air-borne have led to suggestions that they launched
themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests
of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaur's hind feet
resembled a bat's and could served as hooks by which the animal could bang in preparation for flight. The
second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without
damaging their wings. The birds call for high waves to channels updrafts. The wind that made such waves
however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.
The authors mentions that English literature "was" not part of any academic curriculum "in the early
nineteenth century in order to
正解：D
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At this time of the year, the transition period, the skin gets affected by the changes in the weather. The
skin becomes very dry as it has to face the cold harsh winds and the scorching sun at the same time. It's
hence very important to take extra care of your skin, so that it does not get damaged.
Which of the following is most likely the advice given by the author of the above paragraph?
skin becomes very dry as it has to face the cold harsh winds and the scorching sun at the same time. It's
hence very important to take extra care of your skin, so that it does not get damaged.
Which of the following is most likely the advice given by the author of the above paragraph?
正解：A
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The students of a class are playing a game. They have to pass a parcel. The following can pass the
parcel to each other.
M and N M and O O and R R and T R and U T and P P and S P can pass the parcel to N but N cannot
pass it to P.
There cannot be any other way of passing the parcel.
If O and R have had a fight and do not pass the parcel to each other then in order to pass it to M from U,
the parcel will cross the hands of how many people besides M and U?
parcel to each other.
M and N M and O O and R R and T R and U T and P P and S P can pass the parcel to N but N cannot
pass it to P.
There cannot be any other way of passing the parcel.
If O and R have had a fight and do not pass the parcel to each other then in order to pass it to M from U,
the parcel will cross the hands of how many people besides M and U?
正解：C
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In a class the probability of all the students passing the mathematics examination is 0.8 that of the whole
class passing the Hindi examination is 0.7. If the probability of the whole class passing in at least one of
the two exams is 0.95, then find the probability of not getting any failures in the whole class in both
mathematics and Hindi.
class passing the Hindi examination is 0.7. If the probability of the whole class passing in at least one of
the two exams is 0.95, then find the probability of not getting any failures in the whole class in both
mathematics and Hindi.
正解：B
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