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質問 # 36
Which of the following is the GREATEST drawback when using the AICPA/CICA Trust Sen/ices to evaluate a cloud service provider?
- A. Omission of confidentiality in the criteria
- B. Incompatibility with cloud service business model
- C. Inability to issue SOC 2 or SOC 3 reports
- D. Lack of specificity m the principles
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The GREATEST drawback when using the AICPA/CICA Trust Services to evaluate a cloud service provider is the lack of specificity in the principles. This is because the AICPA/CICA Trust Services are a set of principles and criteria that provide guidance for evaluating and reporting on controls over information systems and services. However, the principles and criteria are very broad and generic, and do not address the specific risks and challenges that are associated with cloud services, such as data sovereignty, multi-tenancy, portability, etc. The other options are not drawbacks when using the AICPA/CICA Trust Services to evaluate a cloud service provider, but rather different aspects or benefits of using the AICPA/CICA Trust Services to evaluate a cloud service provider, such as compatibility (A), confidentiality C, or reporting (D).
質問 # 37
Security awareness training is MOST effective against which type of threat?
- A. Social engineering
- B. Command injection
- C. Social injection
- D. Denial of service
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Security awareness training is MOST effective against social engineering threats. This is because social engineering is a type of attack that exploits human psychology and behavior to manipulate or trick users into revealing sensitive or confidential information, or performing actions that compromise security. Security awareness training helps to educate users about the common types and techniques of social engineering attacks, such as phishing, vishing, baiting, etc., and how to recognize and avoid them. Security awareness training also helps to foster a culture of security within the organization and empower users to report any suspicious or malicious activities. The other options are not types of threats that security awareness training is most effective against, but rather types of attacks that exploit technical vulnerabilities or flaws in systems or applications, such as command injection (A), denial of service (B), or SQL injection (D).
質問 # 38
What is the PRIMARY purpose of creating a security architecture?
- A. To map out how security controls interact with an organization's systems
- B. To create a long-term information security strategy
- C. To provide senior management a measure of information security maturity
- D. To visually show gaps in information security controls
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The PRIMARY purpose of creating a security architecture is to create a long-term information security strategy that aligns with the organization's business goals and objectives. A security architecture defines the vision, principles, standards, policies, and guidelines for how security will be implemented and managed across the organization's systems, networks, and data.
質問 # 39
An information security procedure indicates a requirement to sandbox emails. What does this requirement mean?
- A. Guarantee rapid email delivery through firewalls.
- B. Provide a backup of emails in the event of a disaster
- C. isolate the emails and test for malicious content
- D. Ensure the emails are encrypted and provide nonrepudiation.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
An information security procedure that indicates a requirement to sandbox emails means that the emails need to be isolated and tested for malicious content. This is because sandboxing is a technique that creates a virtual or isolated environment, where suspicious or untrusted emails can be executed or analyzed without affecting the rest of the system or network. Sandboxing helps to detect and prevent malware, phishing, or spam attacks that may be embedded in emails, and protect the users and the organization from potential harm. The other options are not what sandboxing emails means, but rather different concepts or techniques that are related to information security, such as encryption and nonrepudiation (A), backup and recovery (B), or firewall and delivery (D).
質問 # 40
in key protection/management, access should be aligned with which of the following?
- A. System limitation
- B. Role descriptions
- C. Position responsibilities
- D. Least privilege
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
In key protection/management, access should be aligned with the principle of least privilege. This means that users should only have the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks and no more. This reduces the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, or compromise of sensitive data or systems.
質問 # 41
Which of the following contains the essential elements of effective processes and describes an improvement path considering quality and effectiveness?
- A. Capability maturity model integration
- B. COBIT 5
- C. 60 270042009
- D. Balanced scorecard
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The document that contains the essential elements of effective processes and describes an improvement path considering quality and effectiveness is Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). This is because CMMI is a framework that defines five levels of process maturity, from initial to optimized, and provides best practices and guidelines for improving the quality and effectiveness of processes across different domains, such as software development, service delivery, or cybersecurity. The other options are not documents that contain the essential elements of effective processes and describe an improvement path considering quality and effectiveness, but rather different types of documents or tools that provide guidance or recommendations for implementing policies or controls, such as Balanced Scorecard (B), ISO 27004:2009 C, or COBIT 5 (D).
質問 # 42
Which of the following is MOST important to ensure the successful implementation of continuous auditing?
- A. Top management support
- B. Surplus processing capacity
- C. Budget for additional technical resources
- D. Budget for additional storage hardware
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The MOST important factor to ensure the successful implementation of continuous auditing is top management support. This is because top management support helps to provide the vision, direction, and resources for implementing continuous auditing within the organization. Top management support also helps to overcome any resistance or challenges that may arise from implementing continuous auditing, such as cultural change, stakeholder buy-in, process reengineering, etc. Top management support also helps to ensure that the results and findings of continuous auditing are communicated and acted upon by the relevant decision-makers and stakeholders. The other options are not factors that are more important than top management support for ensuring the successful implementation of continuous auditing, but rather different aspects or benefits of continuous auditing, such as storage hardware (A), technical resources (B), or processing capacity (D).
質問 # 43
Which of the following is MOST important to verify when reviewing the effectiveness of an organization's identity management program?
- A. Processes are approved by the process owner.
- B. Processes are centralized and standardized.
- C. Processes are aligned with industry best practices.
- D. Processes are updated and documented annually.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The MOST important thing to verify when reviewing the effectiveness of an organization's identity management program is whether the processes are aligned with industry best practices. Identity management is the process of managing the identities and access rights of users across an organization's systems and resources. Industry best practices provide guidelines and standards for how to implement identity management in a secure, efficient, and compliant manner.
質問 # 44
Which of the following features of continuous auditing provides the BEST level of assurance over traditional sampling?
- A. Voluminous dale can be analyzed at a high speed to show relevant patterns.
- B. Automated tools provide more reliability than an auditors personal judgment
- C. Reports can be generated more frequently for management.
- D. Continuous auditing tools are less complex for auditors to manage.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The feature of continuous auditing that provides the BEST level of assurance over traditional sampling is that voluminous data can be analyzed at a high speed to show relevant patterns. This is because continuous auditing is a technique that uses automated tools and processes to perform audit activities on a continuous or near-real-time basis, and to analyze large amounts of data from various sources and systems. Continuous auditing helps to provide a higher level of assurance than traditional sampling, by covering the entire population of transactions or events, rather than a subset or sample, and by identifying trends, anomalies, or exceptions that may indicate risks or issues. The other options are not features of continuous auditing that provide the best level of assurance over traditional sampling, but rather different aspects or benefits of continuous auditing, such as reporting frequency (A), reliability (B), or complexity (D).
質問 # 45
Cyber threat intelligence aims to research and analyze trends and technical developments in which of the following areas?
- A. Cybercrime, hacktism. and espionage
- B. Cybersecurity risk scenarios
- C. Industry-specific security regulator
- D. Cybersecurity operations management
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Cyber threat intelligence aims to research and analyze trends and technical developments in the areas of cybercrime, hacktivism, and espionage. These are the main sources of malicious cyber activities that pose risks to organizations and individuals. Cyber threat intelligence helps to understand the motivations, capabilities, tactics, techniques, and procedures of various threat actors and groups.
質問 # 46
Which of the following are politically motivated hackers who target specific individuals or organizations to achieve various ideological ends?
- A. Hacktivists
- B. Cybercriminals
- C. Malware researchers
- D. Script kiddies
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Hacktivists are politically motivated hackers who target specific individuals or organizations to achieve various ideological ends. They may use various methods such as defacing websites, launching denial-of-service attacks, leaking confidential information, or spreading propaganda to advance their causes or protest against perceived injustices.
質問 # 47
he MOST significant limitation of vulnerability scanning is the fact that modern scanners only detect:
- A. unknown vulnerabilities.
- B. common vulnerabilities.
- C. known vulnerabilities.
- D. zero-day vulnerabilities.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The MOST significant limitation of vulnerability scanning is the fact that modern scanners only detect known vulnerabilities. This is because vulnerability scanners rely on databases or repositories of known vulnerabilities, such as CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), to compare and identify the weaknesses or flaws in systems or applications. Vulnerability scanners cannot detect unknown vulnerabilities, such as zero-day vulnerabilities, that have not been reported or disclosed yet, and may be exploited by attackers before they are patched or fixed. The other options are not the most significant limitation of vulnerability scanning, because they either involve detecting common (A), unknown (B), or zero-day (D) vulnerabilities, which are not the capabilities or limitations of modern scanners.
質問 # 48
Which of the following should an IS auditor do FIRST to ensure cyber security-related legal and regulatory requirements are followed by an organization?
- A. Determine if the cybersecurity program is mapped to relevant legal and regulatory requirements.
- B. Review the most recent legal and regulatory audit report conducted by an independent party.
- C. Determine if there is a formal process to review changes in legal and regulatory requirements.
D Obtain a list of relevant legal and regulatory requirements.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The FIRST thing that an IS auditor should do to ensure cyber security-related legal and regulatory requirements are followed by an organization is to determine if the cybersecurity program is mapped to relevant legal and regulatory requirements. This is because mapping the cybersecurity program to relevant legal and regulatory requirements helps to ensure that the organization has identified and addressed all the applicable laws and regulations that affect its cybersecurity posture, such as data protection, privacy, breach notification, etc. Mapping the cybersecurity program to relevant legal and regulatory requirements also helps to evaluate the alignment and compliance of the organization's cybersecurity policies, procedures, controls, and practices with the legal and regulatory requirements. The other options are not the first thing that an IS auditor should do to ensure cyber security-related legal and regulatory requirements are followed by an organization, but rather follow after determining if the cybersecurity program is mapped to relevant legal and regulatory requirements, such as reviewing the most recent legal and regulatory audit report (B), determining if there is a formal process to review changes in legal and regulatory requirements C, or obtaining a list of relevant legal and regulatory requirements (D).
質問 # 49
A healthcare organization recently acquired another firm that outsources its patient information processing to a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) provider. From a regulatory perspective, which of the following is MOST important for the healthcare organization to determine?
- A. Incident escalation procedures
- B. Physical location of the data
- C. Cybersecurity risk assessment methodology
- D. Encryption algorithms used to encrypt the data
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
From a regulatory perspective, the MOST important thing for the healthcare organization to determine when outsourcing its patient information processing to a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) provider is the incident escalation procedures. This is because incident escalation procedures define how security incidents involving patient information are reported, communicated, escalated, and resolved between the healthcare organization and the SaaS provider. This is essential for complying with regulatory requirements such as HIPAA, which mandate timely notification and response to breaches of protected health information. The other options are not as important as incident escalation procedures from a regulatory perspective, because they either relate to technical aspects that may not affect compliance (A, B), or operational aspects that may not affect patient information security (D).
質問 # 50
One way to control the integrity of digital assets is through the use of:
- A. policies.
- B. hashing.
- C. caching
- D. frameworks.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
One way to control the integrity of digital assets is through the use of hashing. This is because hashing is a technique that applies a mathematical function to a digital asset, such as a file or a message, and produces a unique and fixed-length value, known as a hash or a digest. Hashing helps to verify the integrity of digital assets, by comparing the hash values before and after transmission or storage, and detecting any changes or modifications to the original asset. The other options are not ways to control the integrity of digital assets, but rather different concepts or techniques that are related to information security, such as policies (A), frameworks (B), or caching C.
質問 # 51
What is the MAIN consideration when storing backup files?
- A. Protecting the off-site data backup copies from unauthorized access
- B. Storing backup files on public cloud storage
- C. Utilizing solid slate device (SSDJ media for quick recovery
- D. Storing copies on-site for ease of access during incident response
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The MAIN consideration when storing backup files is protecting the off-site data backup copies from unauthorized access. This is because protecting the off-site data backup copies from unauthorized access helps to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the backup data, and prevent any unauthorized or malicious disclosure, modification, or deletion of the backup data. Protecting the off-site data backup copies from unauthorized access also helps to comply with any regulatory or contractual requirements that may apply to the backup data. The other options are not the main consideration when storing backup files, but rather different aspects or factors that affect the backup process, such as using solid state device (SSD) media (A), storing backup files on public cloud storage (B), or storing copies on-site (D).
質問 # 52
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