無料102-500試験ブレーン問題集認定ガイド問題と解答
102-500認定概要最新の102-500PDF問題集
Lpi 102-500試験は、60の多肢選択式と穴埋め問題から構成されています。この試験に割り当てられた時間は90分であり、合格点は800点中500点です。試験は、ユーザーとグループの管理、システムの起動とシャットダウン、ファイルのアクセス権限、ネットワーク、セキュリティなど、幅広いトピックをカバーしています。この試験は、英語、日本語、ドイツ語、ポルトガル語、スペイン語など、複数の言語で利用可能です。
LPIC-1試験102は、Linux管理に関連する幅広いトピックをカバーする包括的なテストです。この試験はいくつかのセクションに分かれており、それぞれがLinux管理の異なる側面に焦点を当てています。対象となるトピックには、ネットワーキング、ファイルシステムとストレージ、セキュリティ、トラブルシューティングが含まれます。
質問 # 70
Which of the following information is stored in /etc/shadow for each user?
- A. The hashed password of the user
- B. The numerical user ID (UID)
- C. The timestamp of the user's last login
- D. The user's private SSH keys
- E. The path to the user's home directory
正解：A
解説：
The /etc/shadow file is a text file that stores encrypted passwords, along with user name, password expiration values, and last password change date. The credential information in the shadow file is encrypted using a one-way hash function to disable decryption. The /etc/shadow file contains one entry per line for each user listed in /etc/passwd file. Each line of the /etc/shadow file contains nine comma-separated fields, and the second field is the encrypted password of the user. The password field uses the $type$salt$hashed format, where $type is the method of cryptographic hash algorithm, salt is a random string, and hashed is the result of applying the hash function to the user's password and the salt. The /etc/shadow file is only readable by the root user, and it is used to enhance the security and control of user passwords.
The other information listed are not stored in /etc/shadow file, but in /etc/passwd file. The /etc/passwd file is a text file that contains basic information about each user account on the system. Each line of the /etc/passwd file contains seven colon-separated fields, and they are:
* Username: The name of the user account.
* Password: An x character indicates that the encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow file.
* User ID (UID): The numerical identifier of the user account.
* Group ID (GID): The numerical identifier of the primary group of the user account.
* User ID Info: The comment field that can store additional information about the user, such as full name, phone number, etc.
* Home Directory: The absolute path to the user's home directory, where the user's personal files and settings are stored.
* Shell: The absolute path to the user's default login shell, which is the program that runs when the user logs in to the system.
References:
* Understanding the /etc/shadow File | Linuxize
* Understanding /etc/shadow file format on Linux - nixCraft
* /etc/shadow file format | Linux#
* [/etc/passwd file format | Linux#]
質問 # 71
Which of the following commands lists all queued print jobs?
- A. lsq
- B. lpr
- C. lpq
- D. lpd
- E. lp
正解：C
解説：
The lpq command, meaning list print queue, is a command-line utility in the Linux system to display the status of the print queue for a specified printer or class1. The lpq command can take various options and arguments to filter and format the output. By default, the lpq command shows the print queue for the default printer or class, which isdetermined by the PRINTER or LPDEST environment variables, or the /etc/printcap file. For example, to display the print queue for the default printer, one can run:
lpq
The output shows the printer name, status, rank, owner, job number, file size, and file name for each print job.
For example, the output may look like:
Printer: lp@localhost 'HP LaserJet 1020' Queue: no printable jobs in queue Server: no server active Status:
printer idle. enabled since Tue 09 Nov 2021 10:00:00 AM EST Rank Owner Job File(s) Total Size 1st alice
123 report.pdf 1024 bytes 2nd bob 124 memo.docx 2048 bytes 3rd charlie 125 presentation.pptx 4096 bytes This shows that there are three print jobs in the queue for the printer lp@localhost, which is an HP LaserJet
1020. The first job belongs to alice, the second to bob, and the third to charlie. The lpq command can also display the print queue for a specific printer or class by using the -P option, followed by the printer or class name. For example, to display the print queue for the printer lp1, one can run:
lpq -P lp1
The output shows the print queue for the printer lp1, which may be different from the default printer. The lpq command can also display the print queue for all printers or classes by using the -a option. For example, to display the print queue for all printers or classes, one can run:
lpq -a
The output shows the print queue for each printer or class, separated by a blank line. The lpq command is different from the following commands:
* lpd: This is not a command, but a daemon that provides print spooling and network printing services for the Linux system2. The lpd daemon is started by the system initialization scripts and runs in the background. It does not display the print queue for any printer or class.
* lpr: This is a command that submits print jobs to the print queue for a specified printer or class3. The lpr command can take various options and arguments to specify the print options and the files to be printed.
For example, to print the file report.pdf to the default printer, one can run:
lpr report.pdf
The lpr command does not display the print queue for any printer or class.
* lp: This is a command that submits print jobs to the print queue for a specified printer or class, similar to the lpr command4. The lp command can take various options and arguments to specify the print options and the files to be printed. For example, to print the file report.pdf to the printer lp1, one can run:
lp -d lp1 report.pdf
The lp command does not display the print queue for any printer or class.
* lsq: This is not a valid command in the Linux system. It may be a typo or a misspelling of the lpq command. It does not display the print queue for any printer or class. References:
* 1
質問 # 72
Which crontab entry could be used to set the system time at regular intervals?
- A. 1 0 * * * ntpdate ntp1.digex.net
- B. 1 0 * * * settime $d $t $24
- C. 1 0 * * * date ntp1.digex.net
- D. 1 0 * * * runcron date ntp1.digex.net
- E. 1 0 * * * date $d $t $24
正解：A
質問 # 73
Which of the following commands is used to rotate, compress, and mail system logs?
- A. striplog
- B. logger
- C. rotatelog
- D. logrotate
- E. syslogd --rotate
正解：D
解説：
The logrotate command is a tool for rotating, compressing, and mailing system logs. It is designed to ease the administration of systems that generate large numbers of log files. It allows automatic rotation, compression, removal, and mailing of log files. Each log file may be handled daily, weekly, monthly, or when it grows too large. Normally, logrotate is run as a daily cron job1. The logrotate command reads the configuration files specified on the command line or in the /etc/logrotate.conf and /etc/logrotate.d directories. These configuration files can set global options and specify log files to rotate and how to handle them. For example, the compress option enables compression of old log files, the mail option sends the log files to a specified email address before being rotated, and the rotate option sets the number of log files to keep12. The logrotate command is part of the LPI's multi-level Linux professional certification program, and it is covered in the topic 106.1 System logging of the exam 102 objectives3. Reference: 1: logrotate(8) - Linux man page 2: logrotate command in Linux with examples - Linux command line tutorial 3: Exam 102 Objectives
質問 # 74
Which file, if present, must contain all users that are allowed to use the cron scheduling system? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)
正解：
解説：
crontab
質問 # 75
Which of the following looks like a correct entry in the /etc/hosts file?
- A. localhost.localdomain localhost 127.0.0.1
- B. localhost localhost.localdomain 127.0.0.1
- C. localhost 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain
- D. localhost.localdomain 127.0.0.1 localhost
- E. 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
正解：E
質問 # 76
What output does the command seq 1 5 20 produce?
- A. 1
2
3
4 - B. 1
5
10
15 - C. 2
3
4
5 - D. 5
10
15
20 - E. 1
6
11
16
正解：E
質問 # 77
Which of the following find commands will print out a list of files owned by root and with the SUID bit set in
/usr?
- A. find -user root +mode +s /usr
- B. find /usr -suid -perm +4000
- C. find /usr -ls \*s\* -u root
- D. find -type suid -username root -d /usr
- E. find /usr -uid 0 -perm +4000
正解：E
解説：
This command will find all the files in the /usr directory that have the user ID (UID) of 0, which is the root user, and have the permission of 4000, which is the SUID bit. The SUID bit allows the file to be executed with the privileges of the file owner, regardless of who runs it. The -uid option tests for a specific UID, and the
-perm option tests for a specific permission. The + sign before the permission means that at least those bits are set; the - sign means that exactly those bits are set. The other options are either invalid or do not match the criteria. References:
* LPIC-1 Exam 102 Objectives, Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard,
104.4 Find system files and place files in the correct location, Key Knowledge Areas: Search for files by type, size, or time
* find manual page, -uid and -perm options description
* Find Command in Linux with Practical Examples, Example 8: Find Files with SUID and SGID Permissions
質問 # 78
Which port is the default server port for the HTTPS protocol? (Specify the port number using digits.)
正解：
解説：
443
質問 # 79
How many IP-addresses can be used for unique hosts inside the IPv4 subnet 192.168.2.128/28? (Specify the number only without any additional information.)
正解：
解説：
14
Explanation:
To find the number of IP-addresses that can be used for unique hosts inside an IPv4 subnet, we need to calculate the number of bits that are used for the host part of the IP address. The host part is the part that is not used for the network prefix, which is indicated by the slash notation (/) followed by a number. The number after the slash represents the number of bits that are used for the network prefix, out of the total 32 bits of an IPv4 address. The remaining bits are used for the host part. For example, in the subnet 192.168.2.128/28, the number 28 means that the first 28 bits are used for the network prefix, and the last 4 bits are used for the host part.
The number of IP-addresses that can be used for unique hosts is equal to 2^n - 2, where n is the number of bits in the host part. The -2 is because the first and the last IP addresses in a subnet are reserved for the network address and the broadcast address, respectively, and cannot be assigned to hosts. Therefore, in the subnet
192.168.2.128/28, the number of IP-addresses that can be used for unique hosts is 2^4 - 2, which is 14.
References:
* IPv4 - Subnetting - Online Tutorials Library
* IP Subnet Calculator
質問 # 80
What output does the command seq 10 produce?
- A. It creates no output because a second parameter is missing.
- B. The number 10 to standard output.
- C. The numbers 1 through 10 with one number per line.
- D. A continuous stream of numbers increasing in increments of 10 until the command is stopped.
- E. The number 0 through 9 with one number per line.
正解：C
質問 # 81
What is the conventional purpose of Linux UIDs that are lower than 100?
- A. They are used to match with GIDs in grouping users.
- B. They are unused, aside from 0, because they are targets of exploits.
- C. They are reserved for the system admin accounts.
- D. They are reserved for system accounts.
- E. They are reserved for super user accounts.
正解：D
質問 # 82
If an alias ls exists, which of the following commands updates the alias to point to the command ls
-l instead of the alias's current target?
- A. alias --force ls='ls -l'
- B. set ls='ls -l'
- C. alias --update ls ls='ls -l'
- D. realias ls='ls -l'
- E. alias ls='ls -l'
正解：E
質問 # 83
Which of the following programs can be used to determine the routing path to a given destination?
- A. traceroute
- B. dig
- C. netstat
- D. ping
- E. route
正解：A
質問 # 84
Which TWO statements about crontab are true?
- A. A cron daemon must run for each existing crontab.
- B. Every user may have their own crontab.
- C. The cron daemon reloads crontab files automatically when necessary.
- D. hourly is the same as "0 * * * *".
- E. Changing a crontab requires a reload/restart of the cron daemon.
正解：B、C
解説：
A . It is true that every user may have their own crontab. This allows individual users to schedule tasks to be run at specific times without requiring administrative privileges1. C. The cron daemon does indeed reload crontab files automatically when necessary. This means that after editing a crontab file, there is no need to manually restart the cron service for the changes to take effect1.
Reference:
107.2 Lesson 1 - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, which covers the automation of system administration tasks by scheduling jobs with cron.
The LPIC2 Exam Prep, which provides additional information on the LPIC-2 objectives and topics related to crontab and cron daemon.
質問 # 85
On a system running the KDE Display Manager, when is the /etc/kde4/kdm/Xreset script automatically executed?
- A. When KDM crashes
- B. When X is restarted
- C. When KDM starts
- D. When a user's X session exits
- E. When X crashes
正解：D
解説：
The /etc/kde4/kdm/Xreset script is a script that runs as root after a user's X session exits. It can be used to perform some cleanup tasks or other actions that need to be done when the user logs out of the graphical environment. For example, it can reassign the ownership of the console to root, or shut down the system if desired. The /etc/kde4/kdm/Xreset script is part of the KDE Display Manager (kdm), which is a graphical login manager for X. KDM can be configured to run this script by setting the Reset key in the [X-*-Core] section of the /etc/kde4/kdm/kdmrc configuration file. References:
* kdm.options - configuration options for X display manager
* kdm(1) - kdm - Debian jessie - Debian Manpages
* debian - How to get system to shutdown when Xorg is quit? - Unix ...
質問 # 86
What word is missing from the following SQL statement?
__________ count(*) from tablename;
(Please specify the missing word using lower-case letters only.)
正解：
解説：
select
Explanation:
The missing word is select, which is the keyword used to query data from a table in SQL. The select statement has the following syntax:
select column_list from table_name where condition;
The column_list can be one or more columns separated by commas, or an asterisk () to indicate all columns.
The table_name is the name of the table that contains the data. The where clause is optional and specifies a condition to filter the rows. The count() function is an aggregate function that returns the number of rows in the table or in a group. Therefore, the complete statement is:
select count(*) from tablename;
This statement will return the number of rows in the table named tablename. References: SQL COUNT() Function - W3Schools, SQL COUNT: The Ultimate Guide To SQL COUNT Function - SQL Tutorial, The SQL Count Function Explained With 7 Examples.
質問 # 87
What is the purpose of the Sticky Keys feature in X?
- A. To repeat the input of a single character
- B. To prevent repeated input of a single character if the key is held down
- C. To assist users who have difficulty holding down multiple keys at once
- D. To ignore brief keystrokes according to a specified time limit
正解：C
質問 # 88
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