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質問 # 39
Which type of copper wire is used for grounding the racks to the SRG?
- A. Thick copper cable to create better grounding.
- B. Copper cable with plastic insulation (isolation).
- C. Thin copper cable to keep the cost low for grounding.
- D. Braided copper wire or flat copper strip.
正解：D
解説：
The type of copper wire that is used for grounding the racks to the SRG (signal reference grid) in a data centre is braided copper wire or flat copper strip, according to the CDCP Preparation Guide1 and various web sources234. Braided copper wire or flat copper strip are preferred over thin or thick copper cable for grounding purposes, because they havelower impedance and higher surface area, which allow better dissipation of electrical noise and interference. Moreover, braided copper wire or flat copper strip are more flexible and durable than copper cable, which make them easier to install and maintain. Braided copper wire or flat copper strip should be connected to the SRG using exothermic welding or other code-compliant methods, and should follow the relevant standards and codes, such as ANSI/TIA/EIA-607 and NFPA 70.
References:
1: CDCP Preparation Guide, page 23, section 2.4.2 2: Signal Reference Grid | Enterprise Data Center Design and Methodology5, page 1, section 1 3: Grounding System Ground Rod Stacking Installation - Rain Bird6, page 1, section 1 4: SmartRack Copper Bus Grounding Bar - Eaton Website7, page 1, section 1
質問 # 40
The UPS vendor is offering the latest model of their UPS to you. The vendor indicates that the UPS is categorized as VFD class.
Is this UPS a fit for your mission-critical data centre?
- A. Yes, but only if they install it with a 12-pulse rectifier.
- B. No
- C. Yes, but only if you oversize the battery bank with 10%.
- D. Yes
正解：B
解説：
A UPS (uninterruptible power supply) that is categorized as VFD class is not a fit for your mission-critical data centre, because it does not provide adequate protection against voltage and frequency variations. VFD stands for Voltage and Frequency Dependent, which means that the output voltage and frequency of the UPS depend on the input voltage and frequency. VFD UPSs are also known as offline, standby, or line-interactive UPSs. They typically switch to battery power only when the input power fails or goes beyond a certain threshold. However, this switching may cause a brief interruption or a transient in the output power, which can affect the performance and reliability of the ICT equipment. Moreover, VFD UPSs do not filter or regulate the input power, which means that they pass on any voltage or frequency fluctuations, harmonics, or noise to the output power. These power quality issues can also damage or degrade the ICT equipment and the data.
For your mission-critical data centre, you need a UPS that is categorized as VFI class, which stands for Voltage and Frequency Independent. VFI UPSs are also known as online, continuous, or double-conversion UPSs. They provide a constant and clean output power that is independent of the input power. VFI UPSs convert the input AC power to DC power, and then convert it back to AC power with the desired voltage and frequency. This double conversion process isolates the output power from the input power, and eliminates any power quality issues. VFI UPSs also have zero switching time, which means that they do not cause any interruption or transient in the output power when switching to battery power. VFI UPSs are designed to protect the ICT equipment and the data from any adverse effects of voltage and frequency variations, and to ensure the highest level of availability and reliability.
References:
1: CDCP Preparation Guide, page 17, section 2.3.1 2: Understanding UPS Classification: Fuji Electric's Technical Guide3, page 1, section 1 4: Uninterruptible Power Supplies Key Product Criteria5, page 1, section
1 6: UPS Function: Reduced Input Voltage for VFDs - KEB7, page 1, section 1
質問 # 41
Which one of the following is used in Measuring Business Value?
- A. Regeneration Cost
- B. Upfront Cost
- C. Reliability
- D. Scalability
正解：D
解説：
Measuring business value is the process of assessing the benefits and costs of IT investments and initiatives in relation to the strategic objectives and priorities of the organization. One of the factors that can be used to measure business value is scalability, which is the ability of a system or component to handle increasing workloads or demands without compromising performance, quality, or functionality. Scalability is important for business value because it enables the organization to adapt to changing market conditions, customer expectations, and growth opportunities. Scalability can also reduce operational costs, increase efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction. Therefore, scalability is one of the factors that can be used in measuring business value.
References:
*EPI Data Centre Training Framework1
*EPI Data Centre Competence Framework2
*Measuring the Business Value of IT3
*How to Measure the Business Value with Effective Data Quality Governance
*7 Rules for Demonstrating the Business Value of IT
質問 # 42
What should be a consideration when having casters (rollers/wheels) or feet under the rack?
- A. Skirts at the bottom of the rack to avoid air flow between the hot and cold aisles.
- B. Casters and feet should be of a soft material, for example rubber, to avoid damage to the raised floor tile.
- C. Casters and feet should not be locked to ensure the racks are still able to be moved to another position.
- D. The casters and feet should be larger to avoid a too heavy point load on the floor tile.
正解：D
解説：
The casters and feet under the rack are used to support the weight of the rack and its equipment, and to allow the rack to be moved if needed. However, the casters and feet should also be designed to avoid putting too much pressure on the floor tile, especially if the data centre uses a raised floor system. A too heavy point load on the floor tile can cause the tile to crack, deform, or collapse, which can damage the rack, the equipment, and the underlying infrastructure. To prevent this, the casters and feet should be larger, so that they can distribute the weight over a larger area and reduce the point load. The casters and feet should also be compatible with the floor type and the load rating of the floor tile.
References:
1: CDCP Preparation Guide, page 22, section 2.4.1.1 2: Raised Floor Design Considerations for Data Center3, page 1, section 1 4: [SOLVED] server rack on casters or feet5, page 1, section 1
質問 # 43
is the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time.
- A. Availability
- B. Agility
- C. Reliability
- D. Scalability
正解：C
解説：
According to the IEEE definition, reliability is the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time. Reliability is a measure of how often a system or component fails, and how long it takes to recover from a failure. Reliability is closely related to availability, which is the degree to which a system or component is operational and accessible when required for use.
Reliability and availability are both affected by factors such as design, maintenance, testing, and environmental conditions.
References: EPI Data Centre Training Framework, CDCP Preparation Guide, Reliability engineering - Wikipedia
質問 # 44
is the arithmetic mean of time between the failing and the subsequent running of the system in a particular time period.
- A. MTBF
- B. MCBF
- C. MTTR
- D. MLBF
正解：A
解説：
MTBF stands for Mean Time Between Failures, and it is the arithmetic mean of time between the failing and the subsequent running of the system in a particular time period. MTBF is a measure of reliability that indicates how often a system or component fails during its operation. MTBF can be calculated by dividing the total operating time by the number of failures over a given period. For example, if a system operates for 1000 hours and experiences 5 failures, the MTBF is 1000/5 = 200 hours.
References: EPI Data Centre Training Framework, CDCP Preparation Guide, MTBF, MTTR, MTTF, MTTA:
Understanding incident metrics - Atlassian
質問 # 45
What is the main advantage of busbar trunking compared to stand electrical cabling?
- A. Busbar trunking can be located both overhead and under the raised floor.
- B. Busbar trunking is less expensive.
- C. Busbar trunking allows for flexibility.
- D. Busbar trunking has a fixed power rating.
正解：C
解説：
Busbar trunking systems are a method of power distribution using rigid copper or aluminium conductors to distribute the power around a building. Busbar trunking systems have many advantages over cables, such as lower space requirements, higher short-circuit strength, lower fire load, and easier installation. One of the main advantages of busbar trunking is that it allows for flexibility in terms of power transmission and distribution.
Busbar trunking systems can be easily relocated, modified, or expanded to accommodate changes in the building layout or load demand. Busbar trunking systems can also be fitted with various components, such as tap-off units, elbows, tees, and end feed units, to provide power to different locations and consumers. Busbar trunking systems can also be installed both overhead and under the raised floor, depending on the design and preference of the building.
References: Why I prefer busbar trunking systems more than cables | EEP, Why should you choose Busbar over Cable? - E+I Eng, Busbar VS Cables for Riser Applications - An Electrical Engineer.
質問 # 46
Which of statements below is true?
- A. Single-mode cabling is more expensive than multi-mode cabling.
- B. Multi-mode cabling can cross longer distances.
- C. Multi-mode cabling is more expensive than single-mode cabling.
- D. Single-mode cabling can use both LED and laser as a light source.
正解：A
解説：
Single-mode cabling and multi-mode cabling are two types of fiber optic cables that differ in their core diameter, wavelength, light source, bandwidth, distance, and cost. Single-mode cabling has a smaller core diameter and uses a laser as a light source, which enables it to transmit data over longer distances and higher bandwidths. However, single-mode cabling is also more expensive than multi-mode cabling, because it requires more precise alignmentand splicing, and more costly light sources and connectors. Multi-mode cabling has a larger core diameter and uses LEDs or VCSELs as a light source, which makes it cheaper and easier to install and maintain. However, multi-mode cabling also has a shorter distance and lower bandwidth than single-mode cabling, because it suffers from more modal dispersion and attenuation.
References:
1: Data Center Cabling: Single Mode vs Multimode Fibers2, page 1, section 1 3: Single Mode vs Multimode Fiber Cable Guide4, page 1, section 1 5: Single-Mode vs. Multi-Mode Fiber Cables: Explained6, page 1, section 1 7: 2 Types of Fiber Optic Cable: Single Mode vs. Multimode Fiber8, page 1, section 1
質問 # 47
Which Class of Fires involves cooking appliances?
- A. Class C
- B. Class B
- C. Class A
- D. Class K
正解：D
解説：
According to the EPI Data Centre Professional (CDCP®) Preparation Guide, Class K fires involve cooking appliances that use combustible cooking media such as vegetable or animal oils and fats (page 28). Class K fires require special extinguishing agents that can suppress the high-temperature flames and prevent re-ignition. Class K fires are different from Class B fires, which involve flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, or paint.
References:
*EPI Data Centre Professional (CDCP®) Preparation Guide, page 28
*Fire Classes and Extinguishing Agents | The Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association
質問 # 48
What is the current recommended temperature for ICT equipment as described in the ASHREA TC 9.9 guideline?
- A. 20-40 °C (68 - 104 °F)
- B. 25-45 °C (77 - 113 °F)
- C. 18-27 C (64.4 - 80.6°F)
- D. 8-18 C (46.4 -64.4 °F)
正解：C
解説：
The current recommended temperature for ICT equipment as described in the ASHRAE TC 9.9 guideline is
18-27 C (64.4 - 80.6°F). This is the recommended range for the dry-bulb temperature at the inlet of the servers, which is the most critical parameter for ensuring the optimal performance and reliability of the ICT equipment. The recommended range is based on the thermal specifications of the majority of the ICT equipment in the market, as well as the energy efficiency and environmental considerations of the data centre cooling systems. The recommended range is suitable for Classes A1 to A4 of the ASHRAE thermal guideline classes, which cover different types and generations of ICT equipment.
References:
1: 2021 Equipment Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments - ASHRAE2, page 1, Table 2.1 3:
ASHRAE TC9.9 Data Center Power Equipment Thermal Guidelines and Best Practices4, page 10, section 2.1
5: Does your Data Center Follow ASHRAE TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments?6, page 1, section 1
質問 # 49
Which one of the following is a Natural Disaster?
- A. Hurricanes
- B. Blackouts
- C. Grid Failure
- D. Human Error
正解：A
解説：
According to the CDCP® Preparation Guide, a natural disaster is a catastrophic event that is caused by natural forces and has a significant impact on human lives, property, and environment. Hurricanes are examples of natural disasters, as they are powerful storms that form over warm ocean waters and produce strong winds, heavy rain, storm surges, and flooding. Grid failure, blackouts, and human error are not natural disasters, but rather man-made or technological disasters that result from failures or errors in human systems or activities.
References: CDCP® Preparation Guide, page 9. Natural Disaster Readiness for Data Centers. EM-DAT - The international disaster database. PDC Global - Pacific Disaster Center.
質問 # 50
The temperature and humidity values indicated on the display of the Computer room air conditioner unit are the values measured at which point?
- A. It is the value measured at the front of the rack of the aisle the air conditioner is situated.
- B. It is the value measured at the exhaust (outlet) of the air conditioner.
- C. It is the average value between the intake and exhaust (outlet) of the air conditioner.
- D. It is the value measured at the intake of the air conditioner.
正解：D
解説：
According to the IBM document on temperature and humidity design criteria1, the temperature and humidity values indicated on the display of the computer room air conditioner unit are the values measured at the intake of the air conditioner. This is because the intake is where the air conditioner draws the air from the computer room and cools and dehumidifies it before sending it back to the computer room. The display shows the current conditions of the computer room air, which are used to adjust the cooling and dehumidifying operations of the air conditioner. The values measured at the exhaust (outlet) of the air conditioner are not displayed, as they are not relevant for the computer room environment. The values measured at the front of the rack of the aisle the air conditioner is situated are also not displayed, as they may vary depending on the distance and location of the rack. The average value between the intake and exhaust (outlet) of the air conditioner is not displayed, as it does not reflect the actual conditions of the computer room air or the air conditioner performance.
References: 1: Temperature and humidity design criteria - IBM
質問 # 51
Does shielded twisted pair network cabling provide protection against EMF from power cables?
- A. No, the shielding is designed for alien cross-talk between network cables, it provides no or little protection against low frequency EMF.
- B. Yes, but only if the power cable is placed in a tre-foil cable arrangement.
- C. No, the shielding for twisted pair network cabling is for physical protection against vandalism and accidental cutting of the cable.
- D. Yes, as the shielding for twisted pair network cabling is specifically design for low frequency EMF protection.
正解：A
解説：
Shielded twisted pair cables (STP) are Ethernet cables that feature additional protection against electromagnetic interference from external sources, such as radio waves, microwaves, or other network cables.
This is achieved by wrapping each pair of wires with a conductive shield, usually made of foil or braided wire, and then enclosing the entire cable with another shield layer. However, this shielding is not effective against low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) from power cables, which can induce currents and voltages in the network cables and cause signal distortion or data loss. Low frequency EMF can only be reduced by increasing the distance between the power and network cables, or by using a tre-foil cable arrangement, which is a special configuration of three power cables twisted together to cancel out the magnetic fields they generate.
References: STP Cable: Your Shield Against Network Disturbances; What is Shielded Twisted Pair Cable? - Advantages, Disadvantages; Shielded vs. Unshielded Cables: What's the Difference? - Cable Matters.
質問 # 52
Which one of the following is an AC Power Quality Anomaly?
- A. Waveform Distortion
- B. Signal Distortion
- C. Backup Condition
- D. Attenuation
正解：A
解説：
Waveform distortion is a type of AC power quality anomaly that occurs when the shape of the voltage or current waveform deviates from the ideal sinusoidal shape. Waveform distortion can be caused by nonlinear loads, such as rectifiers, inverters, variable frequency drives, and electronic devices, that draw current in pulses or harmonics. Waveform distortion can result in overheating, reduced efficiency, malfunctioning, or damage of equipment.
References: EPI Data Centre Training Framework, CDCP Preparation Guide, 5 anomalies in AC power that can damage your home devices, 9 Most Common Power Quality Problems
質問 # 53
What needs to be installed in the battery room when using Lithium-ion batteries?
- A. A battery management system to monitor and prevent unsafe temperatures during charging/discharging.
- B. A proper ventilation system since Lithium-ion batteries produce highly flammable Hydrogen gas during charging.
- C. High capacity air-conditioning equipment since Lithium-ion batteries are sensitive to high temperatures, which can reduce their lifetime.
- D. A proper supply of distilled water.
正解：A
解説：
According to the EPI Data Centre Training Framework, lithium-ion batteries are becoming more popular in data centres due to their higher energy density, longer lifespan, and lower maintenance costs compared to lead-acid batteries1. However, lithium-ion batteries also have some drawbacks, such as higher initial cost, stricter safety requirements, and potential thermal runaway risks1. Therefore, a battery management system (BMS) is essential to monitor and control the voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge of each battery cell or module, and to prevent overcharging, over-discharging, or overheating23. A BMS can also communicate with the UPS system and provide information on the battery status, performance, and health2.
References: 1: EPI Data Centre Training Framework, Module 5: Power, Section 5.3.2: Battery Technologies, Page 5-19 2: Benefits of Lithium-ion batteries for data centers at the edge,Data Center Knowledge, Page 1 3:
Lithium-Ion Batteries in Data Centers, Data Center Systems, Inc, Page 1
質問 # 54
Which Class of Fires involves ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood and cloth?
- A. Class A
- B. Class K
- C. Class B
- D. Class D
正解：A
解説：
According to the CDCP® Preparation Guide, Class A fires involve ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood and cloth. These materials leave behind ash or embers when they burn. Class A fires can be extinguished by water or other cooling agents that reduce the temperature of the fuel below its ignition point.
References: CDCP® Preparation Guide, page 30. Basics of Fire Protection in a Data Center. 3 Levels of Data Center Fire Protection Standards. Three Levels of Data Center Fire Protection.
質問 # 55
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