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質問 # 43
Exhibit
You are examining an L3VPN route that includes the information shown in the exhibit Which statement is correct in this scenario?
- A. The information shows a Type 0 route distinguisher
- B. The information shows a Type 1 route distinguisher.
- C. The information shows a route target
- D. The information shows a Type 2 route distinguisher.
正解：B
解説：
Type 1: When Type value is 1, the Administrator field is 4-bytes and Assigned Number field is 2-bytes. The Administrator field should be set to the IP address (public IP addresses should be used). The Assigned Number field contains a number from a numbering space that is administered by the enterprise to which the IP address has been assigned by the appropriate authority.
質問 # 44
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, which statement is true?
- A. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will only be shared if BGP is configured in the routing instance
- B. The 10.101.1 0/24 route will be shared if there are other VRFs that use the same route target community
- C. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the auto-export parameter is configured
- D. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the vrf-table-label parameter is configured.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The auto-export parameter is a routing option that allows a routing instance to share routes with other routing instances or the master routing table. The auto-export parameter automatically exports routes from one routing instance to another based on the route target communities attached to the routes. In this scenario, the
10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the auto-export parameter is configured under [edit routing-options] hierarchy level.
質問 # 45
Which two statements describe PIM-SM? (Choose two)
- A. Routers with receivers send join messages to their upstream neighbors.
- B. Traffic is only forwarded to routers that request to join the distribution tree.
- C. Traffic is initially flooded to all routers and an S,G is maintained for each group
- D. Routers without receivers must periodically prune themselves from the SPT.
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
PIM sparse mode (PIM-SM) is a multicast routing protocol that uses a pull model to deliver multicast traffic.
In PIM-SM, routers with receivers send join messages to their upstream neighbors toward a rendezvous point (RP) or a source-specific tree (SPT). The RP or SPT acts as the root of a shared distribution tree for a multicast group. Traffic is only forwarded to routers that request to join the distribution tree by sending join messages.
PIM-SM does not flood traffic to all routers or prune routers without receivers, as PIM dense mode does.
質問 # 46
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, you must provide Internet access for VPN-A using CE-1 as the hub CE.
Which two statements are correct in this situation? (Choose two.)
- A. RIB groups are not needed to leak routes between the inet. 0 and VPN-A. inet. 0 tables,
- B. Internet traffic from Site 2 takes the path of PE-2 -> PE-1 -> GW-1.
- C. You must use RIB groups to leak routes between the inet. o and vpn-a. inet. o tables.
- D. Internet traffic from Site 2 takes the path of PE-2 -> PE-1 -> CE-1 -> PE-1 -> GW-1.
正解：C、D
解説：
Explanation
To provide Internet access for VPN-A using CE-1 as the hub CE, you need to do the following:
* You must use RIB groups to leak routes between the inet.0 and vpn-a.inet.0 tables on PE-1 and CE-1.
RIB groups are routing options that allow you to import routes from one routing table into another routing table based on certain criteria. In this scenario, you need to configure RIB groups on PE-1 and CE-1 to import Internet routes from inet.0 into vpn-a.inet.0 and vice versa.
* Internet traffic from Site 2 takes the path of PE-2 -> PE-1 -> CE-1 -> PE-1 -> GW-1. This is because Site 2 does not have direct Internet access and needs to use CE-1 as its default gateway for Internet traffic. Site 2 sends its Internet traffic to PE-2, which forwards it to PE-1 based on VPN-A routes. PE-1 then sends it to CE-1 based on RIB group import policy. CE-1 then sends it back to PE-1 based on its default route pointing to GW-1. PE-1 then forwards it to GW-1 based on RIB group import policy again.
質問 # 47
Which two statements are correct regarding bootstrap messages that are forwarded within a PIM sparse mode domain? (Choose two.)
- A. Bootstrap messages are used to notify which router is the PIM RP
- B. Bootstrap messages are forwarded only to routers that explicitly requested the messages within the PIM sparse-mode domain
- C. Bootstrap messages are forwarded to all routers within a PIM sparse-mode domain.
- D. Bootstrap messages distribute RP information dynamically during an RP election.
正解：C、D
解説：
Bootstrap messages are PIM messages that are used to distribute rendezvous point (RP) information dynamically during an RP election. Bootstrap messages are sent by bootstrap routers (BSRs), which are routers that are elected to perform the RP discovery function for a PIM sparse-mode domain. Bootstrap messages contain information about candidate RPs and their multicast groups, as well as BSR priority and hash mask length. Bootstrap messages are forwarded to all routers within a PIM sparse-mode domain using hop-by-hop flooding.
質問 # 48
Exhibit
You want to use both links between R1 and R2 Because of the bandwidth difference between the two links, you must ensure that the links are used as much as possible.
Which action will accomplish this goal?
- A. Enable per-prefix load balancing.
- B. Ensure that the metric-out parameter on the Gigabit Ethernet interface is higher than the 10 Gigibit Ethernet interface.
- C. Define a policy to tag routes with the appropriate bandwidth community.
- D. Disable multipath.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
VPLS is a Layer 2 VPN technology that allows multiple sites to connect over a shared IP/MPLS network as if they were on the same LAN. VPLS tunnels can be signaled using either Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) or Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). In this question, we have two links between R1 and R2 with different bandwidths (10 Gbps and 1 Gbps). We want to use both links as much as possible for VPLS traffic. To achieve this, we need to enable per-prefix load balancing on both routers. Per-prefix load balancing is a feature that allows a router to distribute traffic across multiple equal-cost or unequal-cost paths based on the destination prefix of each packet. This improves the utilization of multiple links and provides better load sharing than per-flow load balancing, which distributes traffic based on a hash of source and destination addresses4. Per-prefix load balancing can be enabled globally or per interface using the load-balance per-packet command.
質問 # 49
Exhibit
You must ensure that the VPN backbone is preferred over the back door intra-area link as long as the VPN is available. Referring to the exhibit, which action will accomplish this task?
- A. Enable OSPF traffic-engineering.
- B. Create an OSPF sham link between the PE routers.
- C. Configure an import routing policy on the CE routers that rejects OSPF routes learned on the backup intra-area link.
- D. Configure the OSPF metric on the backup intra-area link that is higher than the L3VPN link.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A sham link is a logical link between two PE routers that belong to the same OSPF area but are connected through an L3VPN. A sham link makes the PE routers appear as if they are directly connected, and prevents OSPF from preferring an intra-area back door link over the VPN backbone. To create a sham link, you need to configure the local and remote addresses of the PE routers under the [edit protocols ospf area area-id] hierarchy level1.
質問 # 50
In IS-IS, which two statements are correct about the designated intermediate system (DIS) on a multi-access network segment? (Choose two)
- A. A router with a priority of 10 wins the DIS election over a router with a priority of 1.
- B. A router with a priority of 1 wins the DIS election over a router with a priority of 10.
- C. On the multi-access network, each router forms an adjacency to every other router on the segment
- D. On the multi-access network, each router only forms an adjacency to the DIS.
正解：A、D
解説：
Explanation
In IS-IS, a designated intermediate system (DIS) is a router that is elected on a multi-access network segment (such as Ethernet) to perform some functions on behalf of other routers on the same segment. A DIS is responsible for sending network link-state advertisements (LSPs), which describe all the routers attached to the network. These LSPs are flooded throughout a single area. A DIS also generates pseudonode LSPs, which represent the multi-access network as a single node in the link-state database. A DIS election is based on the priority value configured on each router's interface connected to the multi-access network. The priority value ranges from 0 to 127, with higher values indicating higher priority. The router with the highest priority becomes the DIS for the area (Level 1, Level 2, or both). If routers have the same priority, then the router with the highest MAC address is elected as the DIS. By default, routers have a priority value of 64. On a multi-access network, each router only forms an adjacency to the DIS, not to every other router on the segment. This reduces the amount of hello packets and LSP
質問 # 51
Which two EVPN route types are used to advertise a multihomed Ethernet segment? (Choose two )
- A. Type 2
- B. Type 4
- C. Type 3
- D. Type 1
正解：B、D
解説：
EVPN is a solution that provides Ethernet multipoint services over MPLS networks. EVPN uses BGP to distribute endpoint provisioning information and set up pseudowires between PE devices. EVPN uses different route types to convey different information in the control plane. The following are the main EVPN route types:
Type 1 - Ethernet Auto-Discovery Route: This route type is used for network-wide messaging and discovery of other PE devices that are part of the same EVPN instance. It also carries information about the redundancy mode and load balancing algorithm of the PE devices.
Type 2 - MAC/IP Advertisement Route: This route type is used for MAC and IP address learning and advertisement between PE devices. It also carries information about the Ethernet segment identifier (ESI) and the label for forwarding traffic to the MAC or IP address.
Type 3 - Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route: This route type is used for broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) traffic forwarding. It also carries information about the multicast group and the label for forwarding BUM traffic.
Type 4 - Ethernet Segment Route: This route type is used for multihoming scenarios, where a CE device is connected to more than one PE device. It also carries information about the ESI and the designated forwarder (DF) election process.
質問 # 52
You want to ensure that a single-area OSPF network will be loop free.
In this scenario, what are two requirements that satisfy this requirement? (Choose two.)
- A. All nodes within an area must have the same information in their LSDBs.
- B. The Shortest Path First algorithm must prune looped paths.
- C. Nodes within an area must connect in a full mesh.
- D. The DR/BDR ensures that each node within an area has the same information in their LSDBs.
正解：A、B
質問 # 53
Which two statements are correct about IS-IS interfaces? (Choose two.)
- A. If a point-to-point interface is in both L1 and L2, separate hello messages are sent for each level.
- B. If a point-to-point interface is in both L1 and L2, one combined hello message is sent for both levels.
- C. If a broadcast interface is in both L1 and L2, one combined hello message is sent for both levels.
- D. If a broadcast interface is in both L1 and L2, separate hello messages are sent for each level
正解：A、D
解説：
IS-IS supports two levels of routing: Level 1 (intra-area) and Level 2 (interarea). An IS-IS router can be either Level 1 only, Level 2 only, or both Level 1 and Level 2. A router that is both Level 1 and Level 2 is called a Level 1-2 router. A Level 1-2 router sends separate hello messages for each level on both point-to-point and broadcast interfaces1. A point-to-point interface provides a connection between a single source and a single destination. A broadcast interface behaves as if the router is connected to a LAN.
質問 # 54
Which two statements describe PIM-SM? (Choose two)
- A. Routers with receivers send join messages to their upstream neighbors.
- B. Traffic is only forwarded to routers that request to join the distribution tree.
- C. Traffic is initially flooded to all routers and an S,G is maintained for each group
- D. Routers without receivers must periodically prune themselves from the SPT.
正解：A、B
解説：
PIM sparse mode (PIM-SM) is a multicast routing protocol that uses a pull model to deliver multicast traffic.
In PIM-SM, routers with receivers send join messages to their upstream neighbors toward a rendezvous point (RP) or a source-specific tree (SPT). The RP or SPT acts as the root of a shared distribution tree for a multicast group. Traffic is only forwarded to routers that request to join the distribution tree by sending join messages.
PIM-SM does not flood traffic to all routers or prune routers without receivers, as PIM dense mode does.
質問 # 55
Which two statements are correct about VPLS tunnels? (Choose two.)
- A. LDP-signaled VPLS tunnels only support control bit 0.
- B. LDP-signaled VPLS tunnels use auto-discovery to provision sites
- C. BGP-signaled VPLS tunnels can use either RSVP or LDP between the PE routers.
- D. BGP-signaled VPLS tunnels require manual provisioning of sites.
正解：A、C
解説：
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/nce/feature-guide-virtual-private-lan-service/topics/task/v
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/vpn-l2/topics/concept/vpns-configuring-vpls-routin
質問 # 56
By default, which statement is correct about OSPF summary LSAs?
- A. All Type 2 and Type 7 LSAs will be summanzed into a single Type 5 LSA
- B. Type 3 LSAs are advertised for routes in Type 1 LSAs.
- C. The area-range command must be installed on all routers.
- D. The metric associated with a summary route will be equal to the lowest metric associated with an individual contributing route
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
OSPF uses different types of LSAs to describe different aspects of the network topology. Type 1 LSAs are also known as router LSAs, and they describe the links and interfaces of a router within an area. Type 3 LSAs are also known as summary LSAs, and they describe routes to networks outside an area but within the same autonomous system (AS). By default, OSPF will summarize routes from Type 1 LSAs into Type 3 LSAs when advertising them across area boundaries .
質問 # 57
Which two statements are correct about VPLS tunnels? (Choose two.)
- A. LDP-signaled VPLS tunnels use auto-discovery to provision sites
- B. LDP-signaled VPLS tunnels only support control bit 0.
- C. BGP-signaled VPLS tunnels can use either RSVP or LDP between the PE routers.
- D. BGP-signaled VPLS tunnels require manual provisioning of sites.
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation
VPLS is a Layer 2 VPN technology that allows multiple sites to connect over a shared IP/MPLS network as if they were on the same LAN. VPLS tunnels can be signaled using either Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) or Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). LDP-signaled VPLS tunnels use auto-discovery to provision sites, meaning that PE routers can automatically discover other PE routers that belong to the same VPLS instance
質問 # 58
Exhibit
You must ensure that the VPN backbone is preferred over the back door intra-area link as long as the VPN is available. Referring to the exhibit, which action will accomplish this task?
- A. Enable OSPF traffic-engineering.
- B. Create an OSPF sham link between the PE routers.
- C. Configure an import routing policy on the CE routers that rejects OSPF routes learned on the backup intra-area link.
- D. Configure the OSPF metric on the backup intra-area link that is higher than the L3VPN link.
正解：B
解説：
A sham link is a logical link between two PE routers that belong to the same OSPF area but are connected through an L3VPN. A sham link makes the PE routers appear as if they are directly connected, and prevents OSPF from preferring an intra-area back door link over the VPN backbone. To create a sham link, you need to configure the local and remote addresses of the PE routers under the [edit protocols ospf area area-id] hierarchy level1.
質問 # 59
Exhibit
R4 is directly connected to both RPs (R2 and R3) R4 is currently sending all ,o,ns upstream to R3 but you want all joins to go to R2 instead Referring to the exhibit, which configuration change will solve this issue?
- A. Change the group-range to be more specific on R2 than R3.
- B. Change the default route in inet.2 on R4 from R3 as the next hop to R2
- C. Change the bootstrap priority on R2 to be higher than R3
- D. Change the local address on R2 to be higher than R3.
正解：A
質問 # 60
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, CE-1 is providing NAT services for the hosts at Site 1 and you must provide Internet access for those hosts Which two statements are correct in this scenario? (Choose two.)
- A. You must configure a RIB group on PE-1 to leak the 10 1 2.0/24 prefix from the VPN-A.inet.0 table to the inet.0 table.
- B. You must configure a static route in the main routing instance for the 203.0.113.1/32 prefix that uses the VPN-A.inet.0 table as the next hop.
- C. You must configure a static route in the main routing instance for the 10 1 2.0/24 prefix that uses the VPN-A.inet.0 table as the next hop
- D. You must configure a RIB group on PE-1 to leak a default route from the inet.0 table to the VPN-A.inet.0 table.
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
To provide Internet access for the hosts at Site 1, you need to configure static routes in the main routing instance on PE-1 that point to the VPN-A.inet.0 table as the next hop. This allows PE-1 to forward traffic from the Internet to CE-1 using MPLS labels and vice versa. You need to configure two static routes: one for the
10.1.2.0/24 prefix that represents the private network of Site 1, and one for the 203.0.113.1/32 prefix that represents the public IP address of CE-1.
質問 # 61
Which two statements are correct about reflecting inet-vpn unicast prefixes in BGP route reflection? (Choose two.)
- A. A BGP peer does not require any configuration changes to become a route reflector client.
- B. Clients add their originator ID when advertising routes to their route reflector
- C. Route reflectors do not change any existing BGP attributes by default when advertising routes.
- D. Route reflectors add their cluster ID to the AS path when readvertising client routes.
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation
Route reflection is a BGP feature that allows a router to reflect routes learned from one IBGP peer to another IBGP peer, without requiring a full-mesh IBGP topology. Route reflectors do not change any existing BGP attributes by default when advertising routes, unless explicitly configured to do so. A BGP peer does not require any configuration changes to become a route reflector client, only the route reflector needs to be configured with the client parameter under [edit protocols bgp group group-name neighbor neighbor-address] hierarchy level.
質問 # 62
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