Maryland-Real-Estate-Salesperson PDF問題集で2026年02月04日最近更新された問題
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質問 # 71
Which document is provided to borrowers at least three days prior to closing and provides disclosures about the costs of the transaction?
- A. Loan Estimate
- B. Closing Disclosure
- C. The Mortgage Servicing Transfer Disclosure
- D. Escrow closing notice
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course:
The Closing Disclosure (CD) is a federally required document under the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure Rule (TRID).
It must be provided to the borrower at least three business days prior to closing and itemizes loan terms, fees, and total closing costs.
The Loan Estimate (LE) is given earlier in the process-within three business days of loan application-while the Closing Disclosure confirms final figures.
Maryland licensees must understand both forms as part of the Closing and Settlement Procedures portion of their coursework.
Reference (Maryland Source):
- Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices Course, Closing Procedures and Federal Disclosure Requirements section.
- TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure Rule (TRID), 12 C.F.R. §1026.19(f).
質問 # 72
What best describes a Multiple Listing Service (MLS) in real estate?
- A. An online database of active, under contract, sold, expired, and withdrawn listings
- B. A classified advertising site that charges by the column inch
- C. A free service for real estate professionals and the public
- D. A proprietary site open only to real estate professionals
正解：A
解説：
The Multiple Listing Service (MLS) is a cooperative online database used by licensed real estate professionals to share information about properties for sale or lease. It includes active, pending/under-contract, sold, expired, and withdrawn listings. The MLS enhances market transparency and cooperation among brokers, ensuring accurate data and broad property exposure.
Reference: Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices - "Real Estate Brokerage Operations" module.
質問 # 73
Which of the following is an example of positive misrepresentation?
- A. An inadvertent error occurred.
- B. An agent made an unintentional error that resulted in a positive outcome.
- C. It results in a positive outcome.
- D. An agent knowingly made a false statement that caused harm.
正解：D
解説：
In real estate, positive (affirmative) misrepresentation occurs when a licensee makes an affirmative statement of fact that is false. When the statement is knowingly false and causes reliance and harm, it rises to fraudulent misrepresentation-but it is still a positive (affirmative) misrepresentation because it is an overt, false assertion (as opposed to concealment/nondisclosure, sometimes called passive misrepresentation).
* Option A describes an affirmative false statement that causes harm (i.e., a classic example of positive misrepresentation; intent makes it fraudulent).
* Options B and C describe innocent/negligent errors but don't clearly state an affirmative false statement of material fact.
* Option D confuses "positive" with "beneficial outcome," which is not what the term means.
References (Maryland Pre-Licensing Core Content):
* Maryland 60-Hour Course: "Real Estate Brokerage and the Law of Agency" (truthful dealing; material facts; affirmative vs. passive misrepresentation; fraudulent vs. negligent vs. innocent misrepresentation).
* COMAR 09.11.02 (standards of practice: honesty, fair dealing, and prohibition against misrepresentation).
質問 # 74
Where should a licensee typically verify the latest regulations and updates regarding real estate practices?
- A. With a co-worker of the licensee
- B. With the supervising brokerage
- C. With the licensee themselves
- D. On the Real Estate Commission's website
正解：D
解説：
A complaint against a real estate licensee in Maryland must be filed with the Maryland Real Estate Commission (MREC).
The complaint can be submitted online via the Commission's official website or by mail using the form provided by the MREC.
The Commission investigates alleged violations of the Real Estate Brokers Act, including misconduct, ethical breaches, or failure to comply with license law.
Complaints are not handled by the brokerage or individual agents.
Reference: Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices - "Maryland License Law and Regulations"; Maryland Business Occupations and Professions Article 17-322 - Disciplinary Actions.
質問 # 75
What is typically required for a real estate agent to earn a commission from a client?
- A. The client must make an express, written agreement to pay a commission to your broker.
- B. You must express an interest in representing the client.
- C. The client must be a buyer.
- D. The client can make a verbal agreement with you.
正解：A
解説：
In Maryland, a real estate licensee may only perform brokerage services and be entitled to compensation when a written brokerage agreement exists between the client and the broker.
This agreement must clearly state the broker's duties, compensation terms, and representation type (buyer, seller, or dual).
Verbal agreements are insufficient to establish an enforceable right to a commission.
Reference: Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices - "Real Estate Brokerage Operations"; Maryland Real Estate Brokers Act 17-532 - Brokerage Agreements.
質問 # 76
Which of these is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas that is released when uranium decays?
- A. Polychlorinated biphenyls
- B. Radon U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Radon Risk Information.
- C. Chlorofluorocarbons
- D. Carbon monoxide
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course:
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that results from the decay of uranium found in soil, rock, and groundwater. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless and can accumulate in enclosed spaces, such as basements and homes.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies radon exposure as a leading cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers.
In Maryland, the pre-licensing course emphasizes that while radon testing is not mandatory, sellers and licensees have a duty to disclose known environmental hazards to buyers.
Reference:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course - "Environmental Issues and Disclosures" Module
質問 # 77
Which of the following is a material fact that must be disclosed to prospective buyers?
- A. A previous homeowner had Ebola.
- B. A previous owner had HIV.
- C. A lead-based paint disclosure must be included since the home was built in 1957.
- D. A house has had more than ten owners.
正解：C
解説：
For pre-1978 residential housing, federal law (Title X) requires the lead-based paint disclosure, EPA pamphlet delivery, and an opportunity for a lead assessment. This is a material, mandatory disclosure.
Medical history of prior occupants (e.g., HIV, Ebola) is not disclosed and implicates fair housing and privacy.
Number of prior owners is not a material defect by itself.
References: Maryland 60-Hour Course: "Environmental Issues and Disclosures" (Lead-Based Paint-pre-
1978 disclosure requirements); "Fair Housing and Ethics" (protected information and privacy).
質問 # 78
Shelly buys Mark's house, which is still in an option period with Monique. Monique decides to exercise her option after Shelly moves in. What will happen?
- A. Mark will have to refund Monique's option fee.
- B. Nothing will happen, as long as Shelly has a fully executed sales contract with Mark.
- C. Shelly will have to sell the house to Monique.
- D. Shelly and Mark must form a new option agreement.
正解：C
解説：
An option contract gives the optionee (Monique) the exclusive right to purchase a property within a specified period and under specific terms, but not the obligation to do so.
When properly executed and supported by consideration (the option fee), the option is a binding contract on the property owner (Mark) and any subsequent owners who take title with constructive notice of the existing option.
Therefore, when Monique exercises her valid option within the option period, Shelly must honor it-the property must be sold to Monique under the agreed terms.
Reference:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course - "Real Estate Contracts" Module Maryland Contract Law Principles - Option Contracts and Specific Performance.
質問 # 79
Which loan type is a fixed-rate mortgage where the monthly principal payments increase over time, according to a set schedule?
- A. Pledged account
- B. Blanket
- C. Negative amortization
- D. Growing equity
正解：D
解説：
The financing module defines a Growing Equity Mortgage (GEM) as a fixed-rate loan with scheduled payment increases applied directly to principal, accelerating amortization and reducing total interest over the life of the loan. This differs from negative amortization (where payments don't cover interest and the balance grows), blanket mortgages (cover multiple parcels with a release clause), and pledged account mortgages (use a pledged savings account to subsidize payments).
References: Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate - Financing: mortgage types and characteristics; GEM structure, payment increases, and accelerated amortization.
質問 # 80
What type of ownership do most corporations use to hold real property?
- A. Severalty
- B. Common
- C. Joint tenancy
- D. Trust
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed
A corporation is a single legal entity, separate from its shareholders. When it holds title to real property, ownership is in severalty, meaning "sole" ownership by one legal person. Unlike joint tenancy or tenancy in common, there are no co-owners in severalty; the corporate entity alone holds all rights of ownership. This principle is highlighted in the ownership portion of the Maryland pre-licensing curriculum.
質問 # 81
A landlord locks a tenant out and requires the tenant to pay past-due rent before regaining access to the unit.
This is considered:
- A. Illegal
- B. Termination
- C. Personal possession lien process
- D. Constructive eviction
正解：A
解説：
Maryland law prohibits self-help eviction, which occurs when a landlord takes direct action-such as locking out a tenant or removing their belongings-without a court order.
Only a sheriff or court-appointed officer may evict a tenant following a court judgment for possession.
A landlord who locks out a tenant to recover rent is acting illegally, even if rent is overdue.
This topic is addressed in the Leasing and Property Management module of the pre-licensing course.
Reference (Maryland Source):
- Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices Course, Landlord-Tenant Law section.
- Real Property Article 8-216 - Prohibited Acts of Landlord (Self-Help Eviction).
質問 # 82
What items go into the seller's credit column and the buyer's debit column when calculating prorations?
- A. Prepaid property taxes
- B. Unpaid property taxes
- C. Home inspection fees
- D. The buyer's loan amount
正解：A
解説：
In settlement prorations, prepaid items (e.g., prepaid property taxes or HOA dues) are credited to the seller and debited to the buyer, because the seller has paid for a period that extends beyond the closing date
, and the buyer reimburses the seller for the buyer's post-closing share. Conversely, accrued but unpaid items (e.g., the current year's unpaid property taxes) are debited to the seller and credited to the buyer.
The Maryland course teaches these conventions in the Closing and Math sections.
References:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles & Practices Course - Closing the Real Estate Transaction (settlement statements, prorations) and Math for Real Estate modules.
質問 # 83
What might you find in the legal description of a deed?
- A. Name of developer
- B. County clerk's name
- C. Metes and bounds property description
- D. Title abstract
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed
A legal description precisely identifies a parcel of real estate so it can be uniquely located and distinguished from other property. In Maryland, deeds typically include one of several accepted types of legal descriptions: metes and bounds, lot and block, or rectangular survey (where applicable).
Metes and bounds describe the property boundaries using directions, distances, and reference points (monuments).
This ensures that the property can be clearly identified for conveyance and recording purposes.
Items such as the county clerk's name, developer name, or title abstract are not part of the deed's legal description.
質問 # 84
Which of the following is a method a real estate licensee uses to determine an appropriate listing price range?
- A. Market process
- B. Appraisal
- C. Comparative market analysis
- D. Proforma
正解：C
解説：
Only licensed or certified appraisers may perform an appraisal for a fee in a federally related transaction.
A real estate licensee, however, may prepare a Comparative Market Analysis (CMA) or Broker Price Opinion (BPO) to help a seller decide on a listing price or a buyer to make an offer.
A CMA compares recent sales, active listings, and expired listings of similar properties to estimate a realistic price range.
This procedure is emphasized in the "Appraisal and Valuation" module as a permitted pricing tool for real estate professionals.
Reference (Maryland Source):
- Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course, Valuation and CMA section.
- Business Occupations and Professions Article 17-511 (b).
質問 # 85
How should all compensation related to real estate transactions be handled according to real estate law?
- A. Compensation can be handled privately between agents without broker involvement.
- B. Salespeople can receive compensation directly from mortgage brokers or title representatives.
- C. All compensation must go directly to the salesperson from the seller or buyer.
- D. Compensation must be channeled through the salesperson's broker.
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed
In Maryland, all compensation earned by a licensed salesperson or associate broker must be paid through their supervising broker.
Salespersons are not permitted to receive direct payments from clients, customers, mortgage brokers, or other settlement service providers.
Violations can result in disciplinary action or license suspension.
Reference:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course - "Maryland License Law and Regulations" Module Md. Business Occupations and Professions Article §17-322(b)(17) - Receiving Compensation Through Proper Channel.
質問 # 86
Which of the following is an example of a development cost?
- A. Crime rates
- B. Local density zoning rules
- C. Lower unemployment
- D. Increased demand on infrastructure
正解：D
解説：
In development analysis, costs include impacts that require public or private expenditure-for example, the increased demand on infrastructure (roads, utilities, schools, water/sewer), which necessitates capacity expansions, impact fees, or mitigation measures.
* Crime rates and lower unemployment are socio-economic conditions/impacts, not direct development costs.
* Local density zoning rules are regulatory constraints (land-use controls), not a cost in themselves (although they can influence costs).
References (Maryland Pre-Licensing Core Content):
* Maryland 60-Hour Course: "Land Use Controls and Property Development" (infrastructure capacity, impact fees, concurrency, mitigation of development impacts).
* Planning and subdivision concepts taught in Maryland curriculum (infrastructure and service demands as development costs).
質問 # 87
Which of these items should real estate professionals help first-time buyers and buyers who have experienced recent credit issues to understand?
- A. Rental options and high-risk loan products
- B. Appropriate financing
- C. High-risk loan products
- D. Rental options
正解：B
解説：
In Maryland pre-licensing, licensees are taught to help buyers-especially first-time purchasers or those with recent credit challenges-understand appropriate, suitable financing options (fixed vs. adjustable rates, government-backed loans, down payment assistance, points, APR, mortgage insurance, qualifying ratios), and to avoid steering to high-risk or predatory products. This aligns with consumer-protection principles, agency duties, and federal disclosure frameworks (TILA/RESPA) covered in the financing module.
References: Maryland 60-Hour Course - Real Estate Financing (loan types, suitability, disclosures); Fair Housing and Ethics (avoiding harmful steering); Closing the Transaction (financing contingencies and approvals).
質問 # 88
What's a foreclosure?
- A. The sale of a property when the market value of the home is less than what is owed, plus closing cost
- B. The forced sale of a property due to the borrower defaulting on the mortgage loan
- C. A property sale that occurs in less than one week
- D. A sale that fails to receive a high enough bid at auction and then falls to the bank's ownership
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course:
Foreclosure is the legal process by which a lender exercises its right to force the sale of mortgaged property when the borrower defaults on the note or deed of trust.
In Maryland-a judicial foreclosure state-the lender must file a court action before selling the property.
Proceeds from the sale are used to satisfy the debt, accrued interest, and foreclosure costs.
This definition is covered in the Financing module under Mortgage Default and Foreclosure Remedies.
Reference (Maryland Source):
- Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices Course, Financing and Foreclosure Procedures section.
- Maryland Real Property Article §7-105 et seq.
質問 # 89
What practice did the Fair Housing Act of 1968 attempt to eliminate?
- A. Discrimination based on marital status
- B. Discrimination through blockbusting, steering, and redlining
- C. Discrimination based on source of income
- D. Discrimination based on sexual orientation
正解：B
解説：
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act) prohibits discrimination in housing- related transactions and targets discriminatory practices including blockbusting (inducing sales by suggesting the entry of protected classes), steering (directing clients to or from areas based on protected characteristics), and redlining (denying or varying terms for loans or insurance based on neighborhood demographics).
* Marital status, sexual orientation, and source of income are not federal protected classes in the 1968 Act's original text; however, Maryland law provides broader protections at the state level.
References (Maryland Pre-Licensing Core Content):
* Maryland 60-Hour Course: "Fair Housing and Ethics" (federal protected classes; prohibited practices- blockbusting, steering, redlining).
* Federal Fair Housing Act (Title VIII) concepts as taught in the Maryland curriculum; Maryland Human Relations Law adds state protections.
質問 # 90
The lender will require flood insurance if the home is ________.
- A. Located in a flood plain
- B. More than 100 years old
- C. New construction
- D. Located in a valley
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed
Lenders that make federally related loans must require flood insurance if the property is located in a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), as designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Flood insurance protects the lender's collateral and the borrower's investment.
The Maryland pre-licensing course covers flood hazards in the "Environmental Issues and Disclosures" unit.
Reference:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course - "Environmental Issues and Disclosures" Module National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. §4001 et seq.) - FEMA Floodplain Management.
質問 # 91
When a client understands what dual agency is and agrees in writing to allow a firm to act as a dual agent for them in a real estate transaction, this is known as ________.
- A. Mutual agreement
- B. Double dipping
- C. Representation by proxy
- D. Informed consent
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course:
Informed consent is a legal requirement under Maryland Agency Law when a brokerage represents both a buyer and a seller in the same real estate transaction (dual agency).
In this arrangement, the broker acts as the dual agent, while separate intra-company agents may represent each party.
The client must receive full disclosure of the potential conflicts of interest and consent in writing before dual agency can occur.
Without informed, written consent, dual agency is prohibited under Maryland Real Estate Commission (MREC) regulations.
Reference:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course - "Maryland Agency Law" Module Md. Business Occupations and Professions Article §17-530-§17-532 - Disclosure and Consent to Dual Agency.
質問 # 92
Which of the following can reimburse the buyer after the sale if a title issue arises?
- A. Special deed
- B. Lien proceeds
- C. Buyer title insurance
- D. Homeowners insurance
正解：C
解説：
An owner's (buyer's) title insurance policy protects the buyer against covered title defects (e.g., undisclosed liens, errors, or prior claims) that surface after closing, and can reimburse for covered losses up to policy limits. Homeowners insurance covers casualty risks, not title defects. Lien proceeds and a special deed (e.
g., special warranty) do not provide post-closing insurance coverage.
References: Maryland 60-Hour Principles & Practices Course - Closing the Real Estate Transaction (title insurance types: lender's vs. owner's; coverage and claims).
質問 # 93
Which of these is an example of a lot-and-block description?
- A. S ½ SE ¼ NW ¼ Section 2 ...
- B. 123 Roanoke Street Any Town, ST 98765
- C. Lot 6 of Block 3 of the East Subdivision plat as recorded in Map Book 18, Page 11 at the Recorder of Deeds
- D. "Beginning at the iron pin 30 paces from the center of the brook that runs across the road southwesterly from the dwelling ..."
正解：C
解説：
A lot-and-block legal description identifies land within a recorded subdivision plat, referencing a specific lot number, block number, map book, and page filed with the county recorder. It's the most common method for urban and suburban properties in Maryland.
Choices B and D represent metes-and-bounds and rectangular survey systems, respectively; A is simply a street address.
Reference:Maryland 60-Hour Course - "Real Property and the Law" Topic (Legal Descriptions); Maryland Real Property Article 3-108 (Plats and Recorded Maps).
質問 # 94
At the end of this month, Evy will have been paying rent on her ground lease for 15 years. She's decided to give 30 days' notice to the landowner that she plans to buy out the lease. What type of ground lease does Evy have?
- A. Regular ground lease
- B. Irregular ground lease
- C. Redeemable ground lease
- D. Irredeemable ground lease
正解：C
解説：
In Maryland, a redeemable ground rent (ground lease) allows the leasehold tenant to redeem (buy out) the ground rent by paying the statutory redemption amount to the ground rent holder, typically with advance written notice (often 30 days) after a minimum period has elapsed. An irredeemable ground rent cannot be bought out by the tenant. The question's facts-15 years of payments and the tenant giving 30 days' notice to buy out-match the characteristics of a redeemable ground lease.
References: Maryland pre-licensing curriculum-Leases and Property Management (Maryland ground rents; redeemable vs. irredeemable; tenant redemption/notice).
質問 # 95
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