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質問 # 10
Which application generates the commissioning file(s)?
- A. EPT
- B. NFM-T
- C. CPB
- D. NSP
正解：C
解説：
The CPB (Commissioning Parameter Builder) application is used to generate the commissioning files for a Nokia 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS-1). The CPB application allows the user to create multiple commissioning files [1][2], which can be used to configure a variety of different features on the device. The CPB also allows users to view, edit and modify the commissioning files before they are uploaded to the device. The NSP (Network Service Platform) and EPT (Element Provisioning Tool) are used to manage the devices and network elements within the network, but do not generate commissioning files.
質問 # 11
Which statement is correct about node synchronization?
- A. Full synchronization retrieves all items from the node (NE parameters. Ports, Alarms, Internal Links, etc)
- B. Node synchronization is executed to test the reachability of a node
- C. Node synchronization is executed to align the time of the node to the time of the NFM-T platform
- D. Full synchronization retrieves the correlated alarms from the node
正解：A
解説：
Node synchronization is a process of keeping the NFM-T database in sync with the nodes in the network. The synchronization process will download all the items from the node, including NE parameters, ports, alarms, internal links, etc., to the NFM-T database. This ensures that the NFM-T database is up to date and the network is running efficiently.
質問 # 12
Which statement is correct about node synchronization?
- A. Full synchronization retrieves all items from the node (NE parameters. Ports, Alarms, Internal Links, etc)
- B. Node synchronization is executed to test the reachability of a node
- C. Node synchronization is executed to align the time of the node to the time of the NFM-T platform
- D. Full synchronization retrieves the correlated alarms from the node
正解：A
解説：
Node synchronization is a process of keeping the NFM-T database in sync with the nodes in the network. The synchronization process will download all the items from the node, including NE parameters, ports, alarms, internal links, etc., to the NFM-T database. This ensures that the NFM-T database is up to date and the network is running efficiently.
質問 # 13
Which of the following applications is related to Wavelength Tracker tool?
- A. Tracking the protection path for a specific wavelength
- B. Tracing the end-to-end wavelength optical power
- C. Collecting logs related to possible issue affecting a wavelength path
- D. Correcting errors related to wavelength inconsistencies
正解：A
解説：
Tracking the protection path for a specific wavelength. The Wavelength Tracker tool is used to track the protection path of a specific wavelength, allowing the user to quickly identify any issues that may arise and take corrective action.
Wavelength Tracker tool is a feature used to monitor and track the protection path for a specific wavelength in an optical network. It can also be used to monitor and verify the working state of the protection path, and to detect and troubleshoot protection switch events. The Wavelength Tracker tool can be used to monitor the protection path for a specific wavelength, and it can also be used to trace the end-to-end path of a wavelength through the network. This tool is typically used by network operators to monitor and troubleshoot wavelength-level issues in the network, such as protection switch events or wavelength-level performance issues.
質問 # 14
Which of the following is an example of optical protection mechanism?
- A. GMPLS-enabled SBR
- B. GR and SBR combined
- C. OSNCP (e.g., via Y-cable or OPS card)
- D. Optical regeneration (e.g., back-to-back regeneration)
正解：C
解説：
It can be implemented through the use of a Y-cable or an optical protection switch (OPS) card, which allows for the switching of traffic to a secondary path in the event of a failure on the primary path. This type of protection is commonly used to protect against fiber cuts and other types of physical layer failures in the optical transport network.
質問 # 15
With reference to the image, where is the OPS card placed to provide the OMSP protection?
- A. After the amplifiers
- B. Between the mux/demux and the amplifier
- C. Before the transponder, on the client side, towards the external device
- D. Between the transponders and the mux/demux
正解：C
質問 # 16
Where can the user set the long-haul WT decoder parameter, when designing a network with EPT?
- A. In the optimization parameters
- B. In the network parameters
- C. In the audit menu
- D. In the NE parameters
正解：D
解説：
The long-haul WT decoder parameter can be set in the NE parameters when designing a network with EPT. This parameter is used to adjust the sensitivity of the decoder and can help to improve the accuracy of the measurements for long-haul WTs.
The Network Element (NE) parameters in EPT (Element Planning Tool) are used to configure various settings and options for the network elements in the network. The long-haul WT decoder parameter is one such setting that can be configured in the NE parameters section. The user can access the NE parameters by navigating to the NE Parameters menu within the EPT interface. The user can then select the appropriate network element and modify the settings as needed. This information can be found in the Nokia guide for EPT.
質問 # 17
Which of the following statements is true about chromatic dispersion (CD)?
- A. Different wavelengths propagate at different speeds within the same media and therefore different colors travel in the fiber with different speed.
- B. The fiber attenuation changes along the fiber, and when the light crosses these differences the CD takes place.
- C. The fiber attenuation introduces inter-channel interference.
- D. Different channels have different bandwidth and this causes different CD performances.
正解：A
解説：
Different wavelengths propagate at different speeds within the same media and therefore different colors travel in the fiber with different speed. This phenomenon is known as chromatic dispersion and causes light to spread out as it travels through the fiber over distance, leading to signal attenuation and distortion. The fiber attenuation does not introduce inter-channel interference, but it can cause attenuation of the signal. Different channels have different bandwidths, but this does not affect CD performance.
質問 # 18
Where is the OPS card equipped to provide the optical channel protection?
- A. Between the transponder and the filter
- B. Between the transponder and the amplifiers
- C. Between the filters and the amplifiers
- D. Before the transponder, on the client side, towards the external device
正解：B
解説：
According to the Nokia's 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS) product documentation, the Optical Protection Switching (OPS) card is equipped in the transponder and is responsible for providing optical channel protection between the transponder and the amplifiers. The OPS card monitors the optical signal and switches to a pre-configured protection path in case of signal degradation or loss.
質問 # 19
What is the function of a pre-amplifier in an optical network?
- A. Through the pre-amplifier, the optical signal is amplified within the node internally to recover internal losses due, for instance, to cascaded filters.
- B. Through the pre-amplifier, the optical signal is amplified both the receiver side and at the transmitter side.
- C. Through the pre-amplifier, the optical signal is amplified at the transmitter side before it is sent to the line span.
- D. Through the pre-amplifier, the optical signal is amplified at the receiver side after it travels along the fiber from another node.
正解：C
解説：
A pre-amplifier is an optical amplifier that is used to boost the power of the received optical signal before it is detected by the receiver in an optical communication system. This is done to overcome the loss of power that occurs as the signal travels through the optical fiber and to ensure that the receiver can detect the signal. The pre-amplification stage is typically located close to the receiver in order to minimize the distance that the signal has to travel between the amplifier and the receiver, which helps to reduce the noise and distortion in the signal.
質問 # 20
What is a degree-1 node?
- A. A node with one direction only and therefore used as In-Line-Amplifier (ILA)
- B. A node with only one express channel and therefore made of two sides
- C. A node with only east and west sides without directions towards north and south
- D. A node with only one direction and therefore a terminal node
正解：D
解説：
A degree-1 node is a node that only has one direction, and it is therefore a terminal node. This means that the node only has one input and one output port. It does not have any other ports to connect to other nodes or fibers. This is a common feature of some optical transport networks, such as ring networks, where a degree-1 node serves as the endpoint of the ring.
質問 # 21
Is it possible to modify node parameters within the edit EPT menu?
- A. Yes, but the user can modify only the node name and location
- B. No, this view is used to display a close-up view of the node
- C. Yes, the user can apply manual changes directly from this view
- D. Yes, the user can apply manual changes but only for non-GMPLS nodes, as the control plane reserves node resources not editable by the user
正解：D
解説：
Yes, the user can apply manual changes but only for non-GMPLS nodes, as the control plane reserves node resources not editable by the user. The edit EPT menu allows the user to view information about a node but is not used to modify node parameters. The user can only apply manual changes to non-GMPLS nodes, as the control plane reserves node resources which cannot be modified by the user.
質問 # 22
What is the metro area network?
- A. The metro area network is located between access and core domains.
- B. The metro area network is located in between two access area networks and made of photonic nodes only (no OCS/SWDM nodes are used there).
- C. The metro area network is made of OCS/SWDM nodes only, as no pure photonic nodes are used here.
- D. The metro area network is that portion of network that passes through a city to provide connections to several customers.
正解：D
解説：
The Metro Area Network (MAN) is a telecommunications network that spans a metropolitan area and connects multiple local area networks (LANs) or business networks together. It typically covers an area that is larger than a LAN but smaller than a wide area network (WAN). The purpose of a MAN is to provide a high-bandwidth, low-latency communication infrastructure for businesses and other organizations in a metropolitan area.
Reference:
Cisco, "Metro Ethernet Services," https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/service-provider/metro-ethernet-services/index.html Techopedia, "Metro Area Network (MAN)," https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26896/metro-area-network-man
質問 # 23
Is it possible to select the fiber type independently for each segment while designing a network in EPT?
- A. No, a unique type is allowed per design for all segments
- B. No, as the fiber type is selected for links only and it's one for whole design
- C. Yes, during the link creation through the wizard
- D. Yes, during the segment creation phase or editing
正解：D
解説：
Yes, during the segment creation phase or editing. It is possible to select the fiber type independently for each segment while designing a network in EPT. This can be done during the segment creation phase or when editing an existing segment. This allows for more flexibility when designing the network and allows for more efficient use of resources.
質問 # 24
How are the EPT systems related to NFM-T when CPB is performed?
- A. The systems are displayed on the CPB panel and they can be individually selected
- B. The systems are not reported on CPB, but only through the Equipment Manager
- C. The systems are not reported on CPB, as this Is transparent to the user and the whole network is validated and provisioned in one step
- D. The systems are displayed on the CPB panel, however they cannot be individually selected as they need to run all together
正解：A
解説：
The EPT systems are displayed on the CPB (Commissioning Parameter Builder) panel and they can be individually selected. This allows the user to configure the network elements in the network and provision them according to their specific requirements. The systems are not reported on CPB, but through the Equipment Manager. The Equipment Manager is the interface used to configure the network elements and the EPT systems. The NFM-T is not related to the CPB and does not affect the CPB process.
質問 # 25
What is the purpose of the validate step in the EPT design process?
- A. During this step, the run design action is triggered for network design consistency check and errors fixing.
- B. This step is used to measure optical power performances over an existing network before making changes.
- C. This step is optional and is useful to verify the network element layout before going through the commission step.
- D. During this step, the configuration available on the involved network elements is compared with the design provided by EPT.
正解：A
解説：
The validate step in the EPT design process is used to trigger the run design action, which is responsible for verifying the consistency of the network design and fixing any errors that may exist. During the validation process, the system will compare the configuration available on the involved network elements and the design provided by EPT, and any discrepancies will be flagged for further investigation or correction.
質問 # 26
A user needs to check for interface details against the commands is the correct one?
- A. config interface detail 1/17/L1
- B. 11starla 1/17 port-detail
- C. config card 11star1a interface 1/17 detail
- D. show interface 11starla 1/17/L1 detail
正解：D
解説：
show interface 11starla 1/17/L1 detail is the correct command to check for interface details. This command will display detailed information about the specified interface, including its status, configuration, and statistics.
質問 # 27
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