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質問 # 174
A user has created a module called "my_test_module" and committed it to GitHub. Over time, several commits have been made with updates to the module, each tagged in GitHub with an incremental version number. Which of the following lines would be required in a module configuration block in terraform to select tagged version v1.0.4?
- A. source = "git::https://example.com/my_test_module.git?ref=v1.0.4"
- B. source = "git::https://example.com/my_test_module.git&ref=v1.0.4"
- C. source = "git::https://example.com/my_test_module.git@tag=v1.0.4"
- D. source = "git::https://example.com/my_test_module.git#tag=v1.0.4"
正解：A
解説：
https://www.terraform.io/docs/modules/sources.html#selecting-a-revision
質問 # 175
All Terraform Cloud tiers support team management and governance.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
https://www.terraform.io/cloud-docs/overview
Terraform Cloud is a commercial SaaS product developed by HashiCorp. Many of its features are free for
small teams, including remote state storage, remote runs, and VCS connections. We also offer paid plans for
larger teams that include additional collaboration and governance features. Each higher paid upgrade plan is a
strict superset of any lower plans - for example, the Team & Governance plan includes all of the features of
the Team plan.
質問 # 176
What information does the public Terraform Module Registry automatically expose about published modules?
- A. Optional inputs variables and default values
- B. All of the above
- C. Required input variables
- D. None of the above
- E. Outputs
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
https://www.terraform.io/registry/modules/publish
"The registry extracts information about the module from the module's source. The module name, provider,
documentation, inputs/outputs, and dependencies are all parsed and available via the UI or API, as well as the
same information for any submodules or examples in the module's source repository."
質問 # 177
True or False? Each Terraform workspace uses its own state file to manage the infrastructure associated with that particular workspace.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：B
解説：
The persistent data stored in the backend belongs to a workspace. Initially, the backend has only one workspace, called "default", and thus there is only one Terraform state associated with that configuration.
質問 # 178
While Terraform is generally written using the HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL), what other syntax
can Terraform are expressed in?
- A. YAML
- B. XML
- C. TypeScript
- D. JSON
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The constructs in the Terraform language can also be expressed in JSON syntax, which is harder for humans to
read and edit but easier to generate and parse programmatically.
質問 # 179
You have decided to create a new Terraform workspace to deploy a development environment. What is different about this workspace?
- A. It has its own state file
- B. It pulls in a different terraform.tvars file
- C. It uses a different branch of code
It uses a different backend
正解：A
質問 # 180
If a module uses a local variable, you can expose that value with a terraform output.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：B
解説：
Output values are like function return values.
Reference: https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/values/locals.html
https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/values/outputs.html
質問 # 181
From the answers below, select the advantages of using Infrastructure as Code.
- A. Easily change and update existing infrastructure.
- B. Provide reusable modules for easy sharing and collaboration.
- C. Provide a codified workflow to develop customer-facing applications.
- D. Easily integrate with application workflows (GitLab Actions, Azure DevOps, CI/CD tools).
- E. Safely test modifications using a "dry run" before applying any actual changes.
正解：A、B、D、E
解説：
Infrastructure as Code is not used to develop applications, but it can be used to help deploy or provision those applications to a public cloud provider or on-premises infrastructure.
All of the others are benefits to using Infrastructure as Code over the traditional way of managing infrastructure, regardless if it's public cloud or on-premises.
質問 # 182
terraform state subcommands such as list are read-only commands, do read-only commands create state backup files?
- A. No
- B. Yes
正解：A
解説：
Subcommands that are read-only (such as list) do not write any backup files since they aren't modifying the state.
All terraform state subcommands that modify the state write backup files. The path of these backup file can be controlled with -backup.
https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/state/index.html#backups
質問 # 183
Which of the following best describes the default local backend?
- A. The local backend is how Terraform connects to public cloud services, such as AWS, Azure, or GCP.
- B. The local backend is the directory where resources deployed by Terraform have direct access to in order to update their current state.
- C. The local backend stores state on the local filesystem, locks the state using system APIs, and performs operations locally.
- D. The local backend is where Terraform Enterprise stores logs to be processed by an log collector.
正解：C
解説：
The local backend stores state on the local filesystem, locks that state using system APIs, and performs operations locally.
terraform {
backend "local" {
path = "relative/path/to/terraform.tfstate"
}
}
https://www.terraform.io/docs/backends/types/local.html
質問 # 184
When Terraform needs to be installed in a location where it does not have internet access to download the
installer and upgrades, the installation is generally known as to be __________.
- A. disconnected
- B. a private install
- C. non-traditional
- D. air-gapped
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A Terraform Enterprise install that is provisioned on a network that does not have Internet access is generally
known as an air-gapped install. These types of installs require you to pull updates, providers, etc. from external
sources vs. being able to download them directly.
質問 # 185
You would like to reuse the same Terraform configuration for your development and production environments
with a different state file for each.
Which command would you use?
- A. terraform init
- B. terraform workspace
- C. terraform state
- D. terraform import
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
https://www.terraform.io/language/state/workspaces#when-to-use-multiple-workspaces
質問 # 186
Given the Terraform configuration below, in which order will the resources be created?
- A. aws_instance will be created first aws_eip will be created second
- B. Larger image
- C. resources will be created simultaneously
- D. aws_eip will be created first aws_instance will be created second
正解：A
解説：
The aws_instance will be created first, and then aws_eip will be created second due to the aws_eip's resource dependency of the aws_instance id
質問 # 187
You have created two workspaces PROD and DEV. You have switched to DEV and provisioned DEV
infrastructure from this workspace. Where is your state file stored?
- A. terraform.tfstate.DEV
- B. terraform.tfstate.d
- C. terraform.tfstate
- D. terraform.d
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Terraform stores the workspace states in a directory called terraform.tfstate.d. This directory should be treated
similarly to default workspace state file terraform.tfstate
main.tf
provider.tf
terraform.tfstate.d
DEV
terraform.tfstate # DEV workspace state file
PROD
terraform.tfstate # PROD workspace state file
terraform.tfvars # Default workspace state file
variables.tf
質問 # 188
What does the default "local" Terraform backend store?
- A. Terraform binary
- B. tfplan files
- C. Provider plugins
- D. State file
正解：D
解説：
The local backend stores state on the local filesystem, locks that state using system APIs, and performs operations locally.
Reference: https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/settings/backends/local.html
質問 # 189
When multiple engineers start deploying infrastructure using the same state file, what is a feature of remote
state storage that is critical to ensure the state doesn't become corrupt?
- A. Object Storage
- B. WorkSpaces
- C. Encryption
- D. State Locking
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
If supported by your backend, Terraform will lock your state for all operations that could write state. This
prevents others from acquiring the lock and potentially corrupting your state.
State locking happens automatically on all operations that could write state. You won't see any message that it
is happening. If state locking fails, Terraform will not continue. You can disable state locking for most
commands with the -lock flag but it is not recommended.
If acquiring the lock is taking longer than expected, Terraform will output a status message. If Terraform
doesn't output a message, state locking is still occurring if your backend supports it.
Not all backends support locking. Please view the list of backend types for details on whether a backend
supports locking or not.
https://www.terraform.io/docs/state/locking.html
質問 # 190
Terraform plan updates your state file.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The terraform plan command creates an execution plan, which lets you preview the changes that Terraform
plans to make to your infrastructure. The plan command alone will not actually carry out the proposed
changes, and so you can use this command to check whether the proposed changes match what you expected
before you apply the changes or share your changes with your team for broader review. Source:
https://www.terraform.io/cli/commands/plan
質問 # 191
Terraform can only manage resource dependencies if you set them explicitly with the depends_on argument.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：B
質問 # 192
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