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質問 # 24
Which of the following is least likely to be used as a technique to identify project and product risks? 1 credit
- A. Inspections
- B. Independent assessments
- C. Expert interviews
- D. Brainstorming
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 25
While mining the defect database for patterns of problems in the last release, a Test Manager notices that many of the most damaging failures were caused by defects injected during the low-level design phase.
Which of the following actions will likely give this project the most effective solution to this problem? [3]
- A. Increased static analysis during the implementation phase
- B. Increased white-box coverage during system testing
- C. Formal inspections of the code modules affected by the last release
- D. Mandatory reviews of all important design work products
正解：D
解説：
The most effective solution to this problem is to implement mandatory reviews of all important design work products. This is because reviews are a type of static testing technique that can detect and prevent defects early in the software development lifecycle, before they become more costly and difficult to fix. By reviewing the low-level design work products, such as detailed design specifications, the project team can ensure that they are consistent, complete, and correct, and that they meet the requirements and the quality standards. Reviews - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Reviews - ISTQB not-for-profit association
質問 # 26
You are testing a new product that will turn on the windshield wipers of a car when the sensorsdetect there is moisture on the windshield. Depending on the information returned from the sensors, the wipers will be turned on at one of the following speeds: slow intermittent, medium intermittent, fast intermittent, slow constant, medium constant, fast constant. Your team has identified the following test condition:
Test Condition 1.1.1 - Verify that the windshield wipers can go from slow constant to fast constant speed when the amount of moisture increases appropriately.
Your team has defined the following steps for a test case for this test condition:
1. Set the moisture sensor to request slow constant
2. Increase the moisture to set the sensor to request fast constant
3. Verify that the wipers respond with fast constant speed
Given this information, which of the following statements is correct? [2]
- A. This test case is not traceable to the test condition.
- B. This test case is traceable to the test condition and provides 100% requirements coverage of the defined test condition.
- C. The test case is traceable to the test condition and provides 100% statement coverage of the defined test condition.
- D. There is not enough information in the test condition to define a test case.
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is D. The test case is traceable to the test condition and provides 100% statement coverage of the defined test condition. This is because the test case is derived from the test condition, and it covers all the possible outcomes of the test condition, such as the initial state, the input, and the expected output.
Statement coverage is a metric that measures the percentage of executable statements that are exercised by a test case. In this case, the test case exercises all the statements in the test condition, thus achieving 100% statement coverage. Statement Coverage - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Statement Coverage - ISTQB not-for-profit association
質問 # 27
Explain how the above mentioned report may differ from a report that you produce for the project manager, who is a test specialist Select TWO items from the following options that can be used to report to the project manager and would not be included in a report to senior management. 1 credit
- A. Show details on effort spent
- B. State recommendations for release
- C. Show trend analysis
- D. Give product risk status
- E. List of all outstanding defects with their priority and severity
正解：A、E
質問 # 28
As part of the test strategy, entry and exit criteria will be defined for each test level. Which is NOT a valid reason for using entry and exit criteria? 1 credit
- A. Entry and exit criteria are a principal way for getting adequate resources.
- B. Exit criteria are used to decide on when to stop testing.
- C. Using entry and exit criteria will prevent software that is not or poorly tested from going to the next test level.
- D. The expectation is that development testing is not adequate.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 29
Which of the following would you least expect to form part of the analysis of initial tool costs? 1 credit
- A. Integration with other tools
- B. Learning time required to use the new tool
- C. Evaluation of suitable tools
- D. Tool portability
正解：D
解説：
Topic 4, Scenario 4, V2 "Test Management Tool"
The project situation after 11 months is:
-
The first increment was released one week late but contained sufficient functionality to be declared fit for purpose'. However, there were 20 outstanding incidents deferred to increment two.
-
The amount of voluntary overtime worked PV the test team has reduced the second Increment slippage to just 3 weeks.
-There is talk of reducing the scope of requirements. The purpose of this is to first deliver the application with support for manual testing and then to provide a delivery * weeks later to resolve any remaining points and provide support for automated testing (i.e. the link to the capture-replay tool).
-Concerns have been expressed by a section of the user community, that in some places the usability is very poor.
質問 # 30
You are a Test Manager on a new project. The software that is being created will be used to control the projectors in movie theaters. This is a time critical project because the software must be released before the Christmas holiday season which has the highest movie attendance of the year.
You have decided to implement a review process for the work products that are a part of this release to save both time and money. In order to expedite the training, you brought in a consultant to train the participants and moderators in proper review processes. Your team is enthusiastic about participating in the reviews.
The project is in the early planning stages. As the review leader, what is an appropriate activity for you to be doing at this point in the project? [3]
- A. Gathering metrics to determine the success of the review process
- B. Calculating the ROI for the review process
- C. Selecting the review items and the appropriate review type
- D. Setting a minimum number of defects to be identified in each review
正解：C
解説：
As the review leader, one of your responsibilities is to plan the review process and select the review items and the appropriate review type for each item1. This activity should be done in the early planning stages of the project, as it will help to define the scope, objectives, and schedule of the reviews. The review items are the work products that will be reviewed, such as requirements, design, code, test cases, etc. The review type is the level of formality and rigor that will be applied to the review, such as informal review, walkthrough, technical review, or inspection2. The selection of the review items and the review type should be based on factors such as the criticality, complexity, and risk of the work products, the availability and expertise of the reviewers, the time and budget constraints, and the expected benefits and outcomes of the reviews3. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because gathering metrics to determine the success of the review process is an activity that should be done after the review process is completed, not in the early planning stages. Option C is incorrect because calculating the ROI for the review process is an activity that should be done after the review process is completed, not in the early planning stages. Option D is incorrect because setting a minimum number of defects to be identified in each review is not an appropriate activity for the review leader, as it may create a false sense of quality or pressure on the reviewers. References: 1: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 2.2.3 2: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 2.2.2 3: Review Types - Testing Traveler, the post about review types
質問 # 31
Which THREE activities would be valid steps during the development of the test strategy?2 credits (2 out of 3 correct 1 credit)
- A. Identify test staff members that will be involved in the system test
- B. Perform a project risk analysis
- C. Assess the testing that needs to be done to minimize the risks
- D. Issue the test strategy document for review
- E. Define a master test plan template
- F. Understand the software development life cycle used by the software house
- G. Define test career paths
正解：C、D、F
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 32
Which of the following is a characteristic of good testing in any life cycle model? 1 credit
- A. Analysis and design of tests begins as soon as development is completed.
- B. Some, but not all, development activities have corresponding test activities.
- C. Each test level has test objectives specific to that level.
- D. All document reviews involve the development team.
正解：C
質問 # 33
Risks should be constantly reviewed. Given the current situation, which one of the following factors is most likely to lead to a revised view of product risk? 3 credits
- A. The concerns over the user interface raises the likelihood of a risk in that area and increases the amount of test effort needed for the user interface, thereby limiting the test effort available for other parts of the test management tool.
- B. The delivery of the application without the interface changes may upset the user community.
- C. The concerns over the user interface may lead to changes to the interface which cannot be implemented by development in time for the second test iteration.
- D. The method used for test estimation is not accurate enough and hence the money spent on testing exceeded its budget.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 34
Your last project was released three months ago and used a risk-based approach. In production, a number of serious failures in low risk areas have occurred.
What is the most important lesson to be learned from this information? [2]
- A. The "lessons learned" session should have been conducted prior to deployment.
- B. The project manager should have set stakeholder expectations for serious failures.
- C. A broader cross-functional team should contribute to the risk analysis.
- D. Future projects should test the lower risk areas first.
正解：C
解説：
The most important lesson to be learned from this information is that a broader cross-functional team should contribute to the risk analysis. This is because the risk analysis is the process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing the risks that may affect the quality of the system, and allocating testing resources accordingly. A broader cross-functional team can provide different perspectives, expertise, and experience to the risk analysis, and help to identify and evaluate the risks more accurately and comprehensively. This can reduce the likelihood of overlooking or underestimating some risks, and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the risk-based testing approach. Risk Analysis - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Risk Analysis - ISTQB not-for-profit association
質問 # 35
Which of the following aspects should test progress metrics be mapped to? [1]
- A. Defect resolution rate
- B. Exit criteria
- C. Lines of code
- D. Post-implementation defect discovery rate
正解：B
解説：
Test progress metrics should be mapped to exit criteria to ensure that the testing process aligns with the predefined standards for completion. Exit criteria typically include conditions such as coverage of test cases, pass rates, and the resolution of major defects, which are essential for determining the end of the test phase.
References:The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager syllabus includes the evaluation of exit criteria as part of the test monitoring and control process1. It is crucial for test managers to define and evaluate these criteria to ensure that the testing objectives have been met and that the product is ready for releas
質問 # 36
What is the Risk Priority Number for risk item number 2? 2 credits
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 37
Identify the THREE types of formal peer reviews that can be recognized. 1 credit
- A. Technical review
- B. Management review
- C. Informal review
- D. Inspection
- E. Assessment
- F. Walkthrough
- G. Audit
正解：A、D、F
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 38
Explain how the above mentioned report may differ from a report that you produce for the project manager, who is a test specialist Select TWO items from the following options that can be used to report to the project manager and would not be included in a report to senior management. 1 credit
- A. Show details on effort spent
- B. State recommendations for release
- C. Show trend analysis
- D. Give product risk status
- E. List of all outstanding defects with their priority and severity
正解：A、E
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 39
Model characteristics:
Which THREE of the below mentioned characteristics relate to TMMi? 1 credit
- A. Highly related to CMMI
- B. Continuous model
- C. Focussed on component and integration testing
- D. Is build around 12 critical testing processes
- E. 5 maturity levels
- F. Focussed on higher level testing
- G. 20 key areas
- H. Staged model
正解：A、E、H
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 40
You are the Test Manager of a risk-based testing effort. You develop the following graph to show residual risk. Assume that "Risks mitigated" represents passed tests and "Risks not mitigated" represents failed tests and other discovered failures.
Which of the following answers best represents what the graph shows? [3]
- A. Project is on schedule based on total number of test cases executed
- B. Project is behind schedule based on bug fix rate
- C. Project is ahead of schedule due to number of risks addressed
- D. Project is at risk due to the number of failed tests
正解：D
解説：
The graph indicates that a significant portion of risks, 29%, have not been mitigated, which suggests that these are either failed tests or other discovered failures. This level of unmitigated risk puts the project at risk, as it implies that there are still substantial issues that need to be addressed.
References:The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager documents outline the importance of risk-based testing and the interpretation of residual risk graphs. These graphs are used to communicate the current status of risk mitigation efforts in the project, and a high percentage of unmitigated risks is a clear indicator of potential problems1.
質問 # 41
Instead of having an independent test team within the company, the company is considering to outsource testing. What are THREE key challenges that are typical for outsourcing? 1 credit
- A. Test environment more complex
- B. Testing of non-functional requirements
- C. Clear channels of communications
- D. Applying test automation
- E. Possibly different cultures
- F. Define expectation for tasks and deliverables
- G. Audit trail from requirements to test cases
正解：C、E、F
解説：
Topic 7, Scenario 7 "Test Estimation"
You have been contracted to manage the acceptance testing of a new computer-based reservation system for a travel agency. You have provided an approximate budget estimate for the testing project based on previous experience with similar sized projects. However, the management of the parent company of the travel agency will not commit to the budget until detailed cost estimates are provided.
The reservation system is being developed by a third party However, detailed specifications of the software are available, as well as an estimate of the total effort that will be spent in developing the software. The software is to be delivered in four increments, and the functionality to be delivered in each increment has already been agreed on.
質問 # 42
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