最新ISA-IEC-62443合格保証試験問題集には正確で最新な問題があります
ISA-IEC-62443試験ブレーン問題集で学習注釈と理論
質問 # 34
Which analysis method is MOST frequently used as an input to a security risk assessment?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
- B. Job Safety Analysis
- C. System Safety Analysis(SSA)
- D. Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
正解：D
解説：
A Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) is a systematic method of identifying and evaluating the potential hazards associated with an industrial process. A PHA can help to identify the sources of cyber threats, the consequences of cyber incidents, and the existing safeguards and mitigation measures. A PHA is most frequently used as an input to a security risk assessment because it provides a comprehensive and structured overview of the process and its risks, which can then be used to determine the security level targets and security countermeasures for the industrial automation and control system (IACS). A PHA can also help to align the security objectives with the safety objectives of the process, and to ensure that the security measures do not compromise the safety or operability of the process. References:
* ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, page 10
* Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standard to Secure Your Control System, page 17
質問 # 35
Which of the following attacks relies on a human weakness to succeed?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Denial-of-service
- B. Spoofing
- C. Escalation-of-privileges
- D. Phishing
正解：D
質問 # 36
Which is a role of the application layer?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Delivers and formats information, possibly with encryption and security
- B. Includes protocols specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and reading data registers
in a PLC - C. Provides the mechanism for opening, closing, and managing a session between end-user application
processes - D. Includes user applications specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and reading data
registers in a PLC
正解：D
質問 # 37
Which characteristic is MOST closely associated with the deployment of a demilitarized zone (DMZ)?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Level 4 systems must use the DMZ to communicate with Level 3 and below.
- B. Internet access through the firewall is allowed.
- C. Level 0 can only interact with Level 1 through the firewall.
- D. Email is prevented, thereby mitigating the risk of phishing attempts.
正解：B
解説：
In cybersecurity, a demilitarized zone (DMZ) refers to a physical or logical subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization's external-facing services to an untrusted network, typically the internet. The main characteristic of a DMZ is that it acts as a buffer zone between the public internet and the private network.
This allows for internet access through the firewall while keeping the internal network secure. Internet-facing servers are placed in the DMZ so that they are separated from the rest of the internal network. By doing so, if a server in the DMZ is compromised, the attacker would not have direct access to the internal network. This architecture is commonly used to host services such as web servers, mail servers, and FTP servers. Choice C is the most closely associated with the deployment of a DMZ as it allows for regulated and monitored internet access through a firewall.
質問 # 38
How many security levels are in the ISASecure certification program?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：D
解説：
The ISASecure certification program, aligned with the ISA/IEC 62443 standards, defines three distinct security levels that categorize the robustness of industrial control systems against known cybersecurity threats.
These levels are designed to provide a scalable approach to securing industrial automation and control systems, with each level offering a higher degree of security. The levels are typically identified as SL1 (Security Level 1), SL2 (Security Level 2), and SL3 (Security Level 3), each addressing increasingly stringent security capabilities and resilience against cyber attacks.
質問 # 39
Which organization manages the ISASecure conformance certification program?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. National Institute of Standards and Technology
- B. Security Compliance Institute
- C. Automation Federation
- D. American Society for Industrial Security
正解：B
質問 # 40
Which layer specifies the rules for Modbus Application Protocol
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Application layer
- B. Data link layer
- C. Session layer
- D. Presentation layer
正解：A
解説：
The Modbus Application Protocol is a messaging protocol that provides client/server communication between devices connected on different types of buses or networks. It is positioned at level 7 of the OSI model, which is the application layer. The application layer is the highest level of the OSI model and defines the rules and formats for data exchange between applications. The Modbus Application Protocol is independent of the underlying communication layers and can be implemented using different transport protocols, such as TCP/IP, serial, or Modbus Plus. The Modbus Application Protocoldefines the function codes, data formats, and error codes for Modbus transactions123 References:
* MODBUS APPLICATION PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION V1
* Modbus - Wikipedia
* Overview of Modbus - EPICS support for Modbus - GitHub Pages
質問 # 41
Which of the following tools has the potential for serious disruption of a control network and should not be
used on a live system?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Web browser
- B. Remote desktop
- C. FTP
- D. Vulnerability scanner
正解：D
質問 # 42
Which is the implementation of PROFIBUS over Ethernet for non-safetv-related communications?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. PROF1SAFE
- B. PROFIBUS PA
- C. PROFINET
- D. PROFIBUS DP
正解：C
質問 # 43
Which service does an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) provide?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. It is the lock on the door for networks and computer systems.
- B. It is effective against all vulnerabilities in networks and computer systems.
- C. It blocks malicious activity in networks and computer systems.
- D. It detects attempts to break into or misuse a computer system.
正解：D
解説：
An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a network security tool that monitors network traffic and devices for known malicious activity, suspicious activity or security policy violations. The IDS sends alerts to IT and security teams when it detects any security risks and threats. However, an IDS does not block or prevent the malicious activity, it only detects and reports it. Therefore, an IDS is not the lock on the door for networks and computer systems, nor is it effective against all vulnerabilities in networks and computer systems. An IDS can be combined with an intrusion prevention system (IPS) to block the malicious activity in real time.
References:
* What is Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)? How does it Work? | Fortinet1
* Intrusion Detection System (IDS) - GeeksforGeeks2
* What is an intrusion detection system (IDS)? - IBM3
質問 # 44
Which of the following are the critical variables related to access control?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Password strength and change frequency
- B. Account management and monitoring
- C. Account management and password strength
- D. Reporting and monitoring
正解：C
質問 # 45
Which is one of the PRIMARY goals of providing a framework addressing secure product development life-cycle requirements?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Aligned needs of industrial users
- B. Well-documented security policies and procedures
- C. Aligned development process
- D. Defense-in-depth approach to designing
正解：B
解説：
One of the primary goals of providing a framework that addresses secure product development lifecycle requirements is to ensure that security policies and procedures are well-documented. This objective is crucial because it establishes a structured and standardized approach to security that is integrated throughout the development process of software or systems. This framework helps in aligning the development process with security best practices, thereby mitigating risks associated with security vulnerabilities. Documentation of security policies and procedures ensures that security considerations are consistently applied and that compliance with relevant standards, such as ISA/IEC 62443, is maintained. This foundational approach supports the overall security posture by embedding security considerations directly into the lifecycle of product development, rather than addressing security as an afterthought.
質問 # 46
Which is one of the PRIMARY goals of providing a framework addressing secure product development
life-cycle requirements?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Aligned needs of industrial users
- B. Well-documented security policies and procedures
- C. Aligned development process
- D. Defense-in-depth approach to designing
正解：D
質問 # 47
What is OPC?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. An open standard serial communications protocol widely used in industrial manufacturing environments
- B. An open standard protocol for real-time field bus communication between automation technology
devices - C. An open standard protocol for the communication of real-time data between devices from different
manufacturers - D. A vendor-specific proprietary protocol for the communication of real-time plant data between control devices
正解：C
質問 # 48
Which activity is part of establishing policy, organization, and awareness?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Establish the risk tolerance.
- B. Identify detailed vulnerabilities.
- C. Communicate policies.
- D. Implement countermeasures.
正解：C
解説：
According to the ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist course, establishing policy, organization, and awareness is one of the four steps of the IACS cybersecurity lifecycle. This step involves defining the cybersecurity policies, roles, and responsibilities, as well as communicating them to the relevant stakeholders. It also involves establishing the risk tolerance level, which is the acceptable level of risk for the organization. Communicating policies and establishing the risk tolerance are both activities that are part of this step. Identifying detailed vulnerabilities and implementing countermeasures are activities that belong to the next steps of the lifecycle, which are assessing the current situation and implementing the cybersecurity program, respectively. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist course, Module 2:
IACS Cybersecurity Lifecycle1
質問 # 49
Which type of cryptographic algorithms requires more than one key?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Stream ciphers
- B. Symmetric (private) key
- C. Asymmetric (public) key
- D. Block ciphers
正解：C
解説：
Asymmetric (public) key algorithms are a type of cryptographic algorithms that require more than one key. Asymmetric key algorithms use a pair of keys, one for encryption and one for decryption, that are mathematically related but not identical1. The encryption key is usually made public, while the decryption key is kept private. This allows anyone to encrypt a message using the public key, but only the intendedrecipient can decrypt it using the private key1. Asymmetric key algorithms are also known as public key algorithms or public key cryptography1. Asymmetric key algorithms are used for various purposes, such as digital signatures, key exchange, and encryption2. Some examples of asymmetric key algorithms are RSA, Diffie-Hellman, ElGamal, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography2.
References: Asymmetric Algorithm or Public Key Cryptography - IBM, Cryptography 101: Key Principles, Major Types, Use Cases & Algorithms | Splunk.
質問 # 50
Which layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model would include the use of the File Transfer
Protocol (FTP)?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Application layer
- B. Data link layer
- C. Session layer
- D. Transport layer
正解：A
質問 # 51
Which of the ISA 62443 standards focuses on the process of developing secure products?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. 62443-1-1
- B. 62443-4-1
- C. 62443-3-2
- D. 62443-3-3
正解：B
質問 # 52
Who must be included in a training and security awareness program?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A. Vendors and suppliers
- B. Temporary staff
- C. All personnel
- D. Employees
正解：C
解説：
Modbus over Ethernet, also known as Modbus/TCP, is a protocol that encapsulates the Modbus/RTU data string inside the data section of the TCP frame. It then sets up a client/server exchange between nodes, using TCP/IP addressing to establish connections1. This makes it easy to manage in a firewall, because the firewall can filter the traffic based on the source and destination IP addresses and the TCP port number. The default TCP port for Modbus/TCP is 502, but it can be changed if needed. Modbus/TCP does not use any other ports or protocols, so the firewall rules can be simple and specific. References:
* 8: Open Modbus/TCP Specification, RTA Automation, 2010.
* [9]: Modbus Application Protocol Specification V1.1b3, Modbus Organization, 2012.
質問 # 53
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