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質問 # 70
Scenario 6: Skyver offers worldwide shipping of electronic products, including gaming consoles, flat-screen TVs. computers, and printers. In order to ensure information security, the company has decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001.
Colin, the company's best information security expert, decided to hold a training and awareness session for the personnel of the company regarding the information security challenges and other information security- related controls. The session included topics such as Skyver's information security approaches and techniques for mitigating phishing and malware.
One of the participants in the session is Lisa, who works in the HR Department. Although Colin explains the existing Skyver's information security policies and procedures in an honest and fair manner, she finds some of the issues being discussed too technical and does not fully understand the session. Therefore, in a lot of cases, she requests additional help from the trainer and her colleagues Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
How should Colin have handled the situation with Lisa?
- A. Promise Lisa that future training and awareness sessions will be easily understandable
- B. Deliver training and awareness sessions for employees with the same level of competence needs based on the activities they perform within the company
- C. Extend the duration of the training and awareness session in order to be able to achieve better results
正解：B
解説：
According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, the organization should determine the necessary competence of persons doing work under its control that affects the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS. The organization should also ensure that these persons are aware of the information security policy, their contribution to the effectiveness of the ISMS, the implications of not conforming with the ISMS requirements, and the benefits of improved information security performance. The organization should also provide information security awareness, education, and training to all employees and, where relevant, contractors and third-party users, as relevant for their job function. The awareness, education, and training programs should be planned, implemented, and maintained according to the needs of the organization and the results of the risk assessment and risk treatment.
Therefore, Colin should have handled the situation with Lisa by delivering training and awareness sessions for employees with the same level of competence needs based on the activities they perform within the company.
This would ensure that the content and the language of the sessions are appropriate and understandable for the target audience, and that the sessions are effective and efficient in achieving the desired learning outcomes.
By doing so, Colin would also avoid wasting time and resources on delivering sessions that are too technical or too basic for some employees, and that do not address their specific information security challenges and responsibilities.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Clause 7.2 Competence and Clause 7.3 Awareness
* ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Clause 7.2.2 Information security awareness, education and training
* PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 4: Leadership, Commitment, and Support of Top Management.
質問 # 71
Why is the power/interest matrix used for?
- A. identify business requirements
- B. Determine and manage interested parties
- C. Define the information security and physical boundaries
正解：B
質問 # 72
Scenario 9: OpenTech provides IT and communications services. It helps data communication enterprises and network operators become multi-service providers During an internal audit, its internal auditor, Tim, has identified nonconformities related to the monitoring procedures He identified and evaluated several system Invulnerabilities.
Tim found out that user IDs for systems and services that process sensitive information have been reused and the access control policy has not been followed After analyzing the root causes of this nonconformity, the ISMS project manager developed a list of possible actions to resolve thenonconformity. Then, the ISMS project manager analyzed the list and selected the activities that would allow the elimination of the root cause and the prevention of a similar situation in the future. These activities were included in an action plan The action plan, approved by the top management, was written as follows:
A new version of the access control policy will be established and new restrictions will be created to ensure that network access is effectively managed and monitored by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department The approved action plan was implemented and all actions described in the plan were documented.
Based on scenario 9, OpenTech has taken all the actions needed, except____________.
- A. Preventive actions
- B. Permanent corrections
- C. Corrective actions
正解：A
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.1, corrective actions are actions taken to eliminate the root causes of nonconformities and prevent their recurrence, while preventive actions are actions taken to eliminate the root causes of potential nonconformities and prevent their occurrence. In scenario 9, OpenTech has taken corrective actions to address the nonconformity related to the monitoring procedures, but not preventive actions to avoid similar nonconformities in the future. For example, OpenTech could have taken preventive actions such as conducting regular reviews of the access control policy, providing training and awareness to the staff on the policy, or implementing automated controls to prevent user ID reuse.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 10.1
* PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 8: Performance evaluation, improvement and certification audit of an ISMS, slide 8.3.1.1
質問 # 73
The application used by an organization has a complicated user interface. What does the complicated user interface represent in this case?
- A. An intrinsic vulnerability, since it is a characteristic of the asset
- B. A type of threat, since it may result in an unwanted incident
- C. An extrinsic vulnerability, since it is fin external factor that impacts the asset
正解：A
質問 # 74
Following a repotted event, an Information security event ticket has been completed and its priority has been assigned. Then, the event has been evaluated to determine If it is an information security incident, which phase of the incident management has been completed?
- A. Detection and reporting
- B. Evaluation and confirmation
- C. initial assessment and decision
正解：B
質問 # 75
Scenario 8: SunDee is an American biopharmaceutical company, headquartered in California, the US. It specializes in developing novel human therapeutics, with a focus on cardiovascular diseases, oncology, bone health, and inflammation. The company has had an information security management system (ISMS) based on SO/IEC 27001 in place for the past two years. However, it has not monitored or measured the performance and effectiveness of its ISMS and conducted management reviews regularly Just before the recertification audit, the company decided to conduct an internal audit. It also asked most of their staff to compile the written individual reports of the past two years for their departments. This left the Production Department with less than the optimum workforce, which decreased the company's stock.
Tessa was SunDee's internal auditor. With multiple reports written by 50 different employees, the internal audit process took much longer than planned, was very inconsistent, and had no qualitative measures whatsoever Tessa concluded that SunDee must evaluate the performance of the ISMS adequately. She defined SunDee's negligence of ISMS performance evaluation as a major nonconformity, so she wrote a nonconformity report including the description of the nonconformity, the audit findings, and recommendations. Additionally, Tessa created a new plan which would enable SunDee to resolve these issues and presented it to the top management Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
What caused SunDee's workforce disruption?
- A. The negligence of performance evaluation and monitoring and measurement procedures
- B. The inconsistency of reports written by different employees
- C. The voluminous written reports
正解：A
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2013, clause 9.1, an organization must monitor, measure, analyze and evaluate its information security performance and effectiveness. Thisincludes determining what needs to be monitored and measured, the methods for doing so, when and by whom the monitoring and measurement shall be performed, when the results shall be analyzed and evaluated, and who shall be responsible for ensuring that the actions arising from the analysis and evaluation are taken 1.
SunDee failed to comply with this requirement and did not monitor or measure the performance and effectiveness of its ISMS for the past two years. As a result, the company did not have any objective evidence or indicators to demonstrate the achievement of its information security objectives, the effectiveness of its controls, the satisfaction of its interested parties, or the identification and treatment of its risks. Thisalso meant that the company did not conduct regular management reviews of its ISMS, as required by clause 9.3, which would provide an opportunity for the top management to ensure the continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the ISMS, and to decide on any changes or improvements needed 1.
Just before the recertification audit, the company decided to conduct an internal audit, as required by clause
9.2, which is a systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled 1. However, the company did not have a well-defined audit program, scope, criteria, or methodology, and relied on the written reports of its staff for the past two years. This caused a disruption in the workforce, as most of the staff had to compile their reports for their departments, leaving the Production Department with less than the optimum workforce, which decreased the company's stock. Moreover, the internal audit process was very inconsistent, as the reports were written by different employees with different styles, formats, and levels of detail. The internal audit process also lacked any qualitative measures, such as performance indicators, metrics, or benchmarks, to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS.
Therefore, the cause of SunDee's workforce disruption was the negligence of performance evaluation and monitoring and measurement procedures, which led to a lack of objective evidence, a poorly planned and executed internal audit, and a decrease in the company's productivity and stock value.
References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
質問 # 76
A company decided to use an algorithm that analyzes various attributes of customer behavior, such as browsing patterns and demographics, and groups customers based on their similar characteristics. This way.
the company will be able to identify frequent buyers and trend-followers, among others. What type of machine learning this the company using?
- A. Supervised machine learning
- B. Unsupervised machine learning
- C. Decision tree machine learning
正解：B
解説：
According to the ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer course, one of the objectives of information security incident management is to collect and preserve records that can be used as evidence for disciplinary and legal action, as well as for learning andimprovement purposes1. Therefore, Anna should be aware of the collection and preservation of records when gathering data for the forensics team. She should follow the guidelines and procedures specified in the information security incident management policy of InfoSec, which defines the type, format, content, and location of the records to be created and maintained2. The records should be accurate, complete, consistent, and reliable, and should be protected from unauthorized access, modification, or deletion3.
References: 1: PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 8: Information Security Incident Management, slide 16 2: PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 8: Information Security Incident Management, slide 19 3: PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 8: Information Security Incident Management, slide 20
質問 # 77
An organization uses Platform as a Services (PaaS) to host its cloud-based services As such, the cloud provider manages most off the services to the organization. However, the organization still manages____________________
- A. Operating system and visualization
- B. Application and data
- C. Servers and storage
正解：B
質問 # 78
Which of the following practices Indicates that Company A has Implemented clock synchronization?
- A. Logs that record activities and other relevant events are stored and analyzed
- B. Suspected information security events are reported in a timely manner through an appropriate channel
- C. Information processing systems are coordinated according to an approved time source
正解：C
質問 # 79
Scenario 5: Operaze is a small software development company that develops applications for various companies around the world. Recently, the company conducted a risk assessment to assess the information security risks that could arise from operating in a digital landscape. Using different testing methods, including penetration Resting and code review, the company identified some issues in its ICT systems, including improper user permissions, misconfigured security settings, and insecure network configurations. To resolve these issues and enhance information security, Operaze decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001.
Considering that Operaze is a small company, the entire IT team was involved in the ISMS implementation project. Initially, the company analyzed the business requirements and the internal and external environment, identified its key processes and activities, and identified and analyzed the interested parties In addition, the top management of Operaze decided to Include most of the company's departments within the ISMS scope.
The defined scope included the organizational and physical boundaries. The IT team drafted an information security policy and communicated it to all relevant interested parties In addition, other specific policies were developed to elaborate on security issues and the roles and responsibilities were assigned to all interested parties.
Following that, the HR manager claimed that the paperwork created by ISMS does not justify its value and the implementation of the ISMS should be canceled However, the top management determined that this claim was invalid and organized an awareness session to explain the benefits of the ISMS to all interested parties.
Operaze decided to migrate Its physical servers to their virtual servers on third-party infrastructure. The new cloud computing solution brought additional changes to the company Operaze's top management, on the other hand, aimed to not only implement an effective ISMS but also ensure the smooth running of the ISMS operations. In this situation, Operaze's top management concluded that the services of external experts were required to implement their information security strategies. The IT team, on the other hand, decided to initiate a change in the ISMS scope and implemented the required modifications to the processes of the company.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
What led Operaze to implement the ISMS?
- A. Identification of assets
- B. Identification of threats
- C. Identification of vulnerabilities
正解：C
解説：
According to the scenario, Operaze conducted a risk assessment to assess the information security risks that could arise from operating in a digital landscape. Using different testing methods, including penetration testing and code review, the company identified some issues in its ICT systems, such as improper user permissions, misconfigured security settings, and insecure network configurations. These issues are examples of vulnerabilities, which are weaknesses or gaps in the protection of an asset that can be exploited by a threat.
Therefore, the identification of vulnerabilities led Operaze to implement the ISMS.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Training Course Guide1
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit2
質問 # 80
Scenario 3: Socket Inc is a telecommunications company offering mainly wireless products and services. It uses MongoDB. a document model database that offers high availability, scalability, and flexibility.
Last month, Socket Inc. reported an information security incident. A group of hackers compromised its MongoDB database, because the database administrators did not change its default settings, leaving it without a password and publicly accessible.
Fortunately. Socket Inc. performed regular information backups in their MongoDB database, so no information was lost during the incident. In addition, a syslog server allowed Socket Inc. to centralize all logs in one server. The company found out that no persistent backdoor was placed and that the attack was not initiated from an employee inside the company by reviewing the event logs that record user faults and exceptions.
To prevent similar incidents in the future, Socket Inc. decided to use an access control system that grants access to authorized personnel only. The company also implemented a control in order to define and implement rules for the effective use of cryptography, including cryptographic key management, to protect the database from unauthorized access The implementation was based on all relevant agreements, legislation, and regulations, and the information classification scheme. To improve security and reduce the administrative efforts, network segregation using VPNs was proposed.
Lastly, Socket Inc. implemented a new system to maintain, collect, and analyze information related to information security threats, and integrate information security into project management.
Socket Inc. has implemented a control for the effective use of cryptography and cryptographic key management. Is this compliant with ISO/IEC 27001' Refer to scenario 3.
- A. Yes, the control for the effective use of the cryptography can include cryptographic key management
- B. No, the control should be implemented only for defining rules for cryptographic key management
- C. No, because the standard provides a separate control for cryptographic key management
正解：A
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A.8.24, the control for the effective use of cryptography is intended to ensure proper and effective use of cryptography to protect the confidentiality, authenticity, and/or integrity of information. This control can include cryptographic key management, which is the process of generating, distributing, storing, using, and destroying cryptographic keys in a secure manner. Cryptographic key management is essential for ensuring the security and functionality of cryptographic solutions, such as encryption, digital signatures, or authentication.
The standard provides the following guidance for implementing this control:
* A policy on the use of cryptographic controls should be developed and implemented.
* The policy should define the circumstances and conditions in which the different types of cryptographic controls should be used, based on the information classification scheme, the relevant agreements, legislation, and regulations, and the assessed risks.
* The policy should also define the standards and techniques to be used for each type of cryptographic control, such as the algorithms, key lengths, key formats, and key lifecycles.
* The policy should be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect the changes in the technology, the business environment, and the legal requirements.
* The cryptographic keys should be managed through their whole lifecycle, from generation to destruction, in a secure and controlled manner, following the principles of need-to-know and segregation of duties.
* The cryptographic keys should be protected from unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, loss, or theft, using appropriate physical and logical security measures, such as encryption, access control, backup, and audit.
* The cryptographic keys should be changed or replaced periodically, or when there is a suspicion of compromise, following a defined process that ensures the continuity of the cryptographic services and the availability of the information.
* The cryptographic keys should be securely destroyed when they are no longer required, or when they reach their end of life, using methods that prevent their recovery or reconstruction.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Guide1
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit2
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information Security Management Systems - Requirements3
* ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Code of Practice for Information Security Controls4
* Understanding Cryptographic Controls in Information Security5
質問 # 81
Scenario 7: InfoSec is a multinational corporation headquartered in Boston, MA, which provides professional electronics, gaming, and entertainment services. After facing numerous information security incidents, InfoSec has decided to establish teams and implement measures to prevent potential incidents in the future Emma, Bob. and Anna were hired as the new members of InfoSec's information security team, which consists of a security architecture team, an incident response team (IRT) and a forensics team Emma's job is to create information security plans, policies, protocols, and training to prepare InfoSec to respond to incidents effectively Emma and Bob would be full-time employees of InfoSec, whereas Anna was contracted as an external consultant.
Bob, a network expert, will deploy a screened subnet network architecture This architecture will isolate the demilitarized zone (OMZ) to which hosted public services are attached and InfoSec's publiclyaccessible resources from their private network Thus, InfoSec will be able to block potential attackers from causing unwanted events inside the company's network. Bob is also responsible for ensuring that a thorough evaluation of the nature of an unexpected event is conducted, including the details on how the event happened and what or whom it might affect.
Anna will create records of the data, reviews, analysis, and reports in order to keep evidence for the purpose of disciplinary and legal action, and use them to prevent future incidents. To do the work accordingly, she should be aware of the company's information security incident management policy beforehand Among others, this policy specifies the type of records to be created, the place where they should be kept, and the format and content that specific record types should have.
According to scenario 7, a demilitarized zone (DMZ) is deployed within InfoSec's network. What type of control has InfoSec implemented in this case?
- A. Detective
- B. Corrective
- C. Preventive
正解：C
解説：
A demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a network segment that separates the internal network from the external network, such as the Internet. It is used to host public services that need to be accessible from outside the organization, such as web servers, email servers, or DNS servers. A DMZ provides a layer of protection for the internal network by limiting the exposure of the public services and preventing unauthorized access from the external network. A DMZ is an example of a preventive control, which is a type of control that aims to prevent or deter the occurrence of an information security incident. Preventive controls reduce the likelihood of a threat exploiting a vulnerability and causing harm to the organization's information assets. Other examples of preventive controls are encryption, authentication, firewalls, antivirus software, and security awareness training.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Study Guide, Section 8.2.3.2.1, page 162
* ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit, page 13
* ISO/IEC 27002 : 2022, Section 13.1.3, page 66
質問 # 82
Scenario 8: SunDee is an American biopharmaceutical company, headquartered in California, the US. It specializes in developing novel human therapeutics, with a focus on cardiovascular diseases, oncology, bone health, and inflammation. The company has had an information security management system (ISMS) based on SO/IEC 27001 in place for the past two years. However, it has not monitored or measured the performance and effectiveness of its ISMS and conducted management reviews regularly Just before the recertification audit, the company decided to conduct an internal audit. It also asked most of their staff to compile the written individual reports of the past two years for their departments. This left the Production Department with less than the optimum workforce, which decreased the company's stock.
Tessa was SunDee's internal auditor. With multiple reports written by 50 different employees, the internal audit process took much longer than planned, was very inconsistent, and had no qualitative measures whatsoever Tessa concluded that SunDee must evaluate the performance of the ISMS adequately. She defined SunDee's negligence of ISMS performance evaluation as a major nonconformity, so she wrote a nonconformity report including the description of the nonconformity, the audit findings, and recommendations. Additionally, Tessa created a new plan which would enable SunDee to resolve these issues and presented it to the top management According to scenario 8, Tessa created a plan for ISMS monitoring and measurement and presented it to the top management Is this acceptable?
- A. No, Tessa should only communicate the issues found to the top management
- B. Yes, Tessa can advise the top management on improving the company's functions
- C. No, Tessa must implement all the improvements needed for issues found during the audit
正解：B
解説：
According to the ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer course, one of the roles and responsibilities of an internal auditor is to provide recommendations for improvement based on the audit findings1. Therefore, Tessa can create a plan for ISMS monitoring and measurement and present it to the top management as a way of advising them on how to improve the company's functions. However, Tessa is not responsible for implementing the improvements or communicating the issues found to the top management. Those tasks belong to the process owners and the management representative, respectively2.
References: 1: PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 9: Internal Audit, slide 14 2: PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 9: Internal Audit, slide 15
質問 # 83
Who should be involved, among others, in the draft, review, and validation of information security procedures?
- A. The information security committee
- B. An external expert
- C. The employees in charge of ISMS operation
正解：A
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 7.5.1, the organization shall ensure that the documented information required by the ISMS and by this document is controlled to ensure that it is available and suitable for use, where and when it is needed, and that it is adequately protected. This includes ensuring that the documented information is reviewed and approved for suitability and adequacy. The information security procedures are part of the documented information that supports the operation of the ISMS processes and the implementation of the information security controls. Therefore, they should be drafted, reviewed, and validated by the information security committee, which is the group of people responsible for overseeing the ISMS and ensuring its alignment with the organization's objectives and strategy. The information security committee should include representatives from different functions and levels of the organization, as well as external experts if needed. The information security committee should also ensure that the information security procedures are communicated to the relevant employees and other interested parties, and that they are periodically reviewed and updated as necessary.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Information security management systems - Requirements, clauses 5.3, 7.5.1, and 9.3
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer objectives and content, 4 and 5
質問 # 84
An organization has justified the exclusion of control 5.18 Access rights of ISO/IEC 27001 in the Statement of Applicability (SoA) as follows: "An access control reader is already installed at the main entrance of the building." Which statement is correct'
- A. The justification is not acceptable because it does not indicate that it has been selected based on the risk assessment results
- B. The justification for the exclusion of a control is not required to be included in the SoA
- C. The justification is not acceptable, because it does not reflect the purpose of control 5.18
正解：C
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3, the Statement of Applicability (SoA) is a document that identifies the controls that are applicable to the organization's ISMS and explains why they are selected or not. The SoA is based on the results of the risk assessment and risk treatment, which are the previous steps in the risk management process. Therefore, the justification for the exclusion of a control should be based on the risk assessment results and the risk treatment plan, and should reflect the purpose and objective of the control.
Control 5.18 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is about access rights to information and other associated assets, which should be provisioned, reviewed, modified and removed in accordance with the organization's topic-specific policy on and rules for access control. The purpose of this control is to prevent unauthorized access to, modification of, and destruction of information assets. Therefore, the justification for the exclusion of this control should explain why the organization does not need to implement this control to protect its information assets from unauthorized access.
The justification given by the organization in the question is not acceptable, because it does not reflect the purpose of control 5.18. An access control reader at the main entrance of the building is a physical security measure, which is related to control 5.15 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, not control 5.18. Control 5.18 is about logical access rights to information systems and services, which are not addressed by the access control reader. Therefore, the organization should either provide a valid justification for the exclusion of control 5.18, or include it in the SoA and implement it according to the risk assessment and risk treatment results.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3, control 5.18; PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 5, slide 18, Module 6, slide 10.
質問 # 85
How can Invalid Electric's ensure that Us employees are prepared for the audit?
- A. By allowing the employees to observe the technologies used
- B. By showing the employees the internal audit reports so they can anticipate the questions asked by the auditor
- C. By conducting practice Interviews with the employees
正解：C
質問 # 86
Based on scenario 7. what else should Texas H&H Inc. do when responding to the incident?
- A. Record and document the incident which serves as input for future corrective actions
- B. Communicate the updated Information security policy only to the top management of the company
- C. Decide to stop using cloud services in order to eliminate the risk of similar incidents happening in the future
正解：A
質問 # 87
Based on scenario 10. did invalid Electric provide a valid reason for requesting the replacement of the audit learn leader?
- A. No, because the auditee can request the replacement of an auditor only if the auditor has worked for the auditee
- B. Yes, because the auditee can request to replace an auditor that has worked for one of its major competitors
- C. No, because Issuing a recommendation for certification lo a main competitor is not a conflict of interest situation
正解：B
質問 # 88
What risk treatment option has Company A implemented if it has required from its employees the change of email passwords at least once every 60 days?
- A. Risk retention
- B. Risk avoidance
- C. Risk modification
正解：C
解説：
Risk modification is one of the four risk treatment options defined by ISO/IEC 27001, which involves applying controls to reduce the likelihood and/or impact of the risk. By requiring its employees to change their email passwords at least once every 60 days, Company A has implemented a risk modification option to reduce the risk of unauthorized access to its email accounts. Changing passwords frequently can make it harder for attackers to guess or crack the passwords, and can limit the damage if a password is compromised.
The other three risk treatment options are:
* Risk avoidance: This option involves eliminating the risk source or discontinuing the activity that causes the risk. For example, Company A could avoid the risk of email compromise by not using email at all, but this would also mean losing the benefits of email communication.
* Risk retention: This option involves accepting the risk and its consequences, either because the risk is too low to justify any treatment, or because the cost of treatment is too high compared to the potential loss. For example, Company A could retain the risk of email compromise by not implementing any security measures, but this would expose the company to potential breaches and reputational damage.
* Risk transfer: This option involves sharing or transferring the risk to a third party, such as an insurer, a supplier, or a partner. For example, Company A could transfer the risk of email compromise by outsourcing its email service to a cloud provider, who would be responsible for the security and availability of the email accounts.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2013, clause 6.1.3: Information security risk treatment
* ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 4: Planning the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001
* ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 6: Implementing the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001
* ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 7: Performance evaluation, monitoring and measurement of the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001
* ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 8: Continual improvement of the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001
* ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 9: Preparing for the ISMS certification audit
* ISO 27001 Risk Assessment & Risk Treatment: The Complete Guide - Advisera1
* Infosec Risk Treatment for ISO 27001 Requirement 8.3 - ISMS.online2
* ISO 27001 Clause 6.1.3 Information security risk treatment3
* ISO 27001 Risk Treatment Plan - Scrut Automation4
質問 # 89
Scenario 3: Socket Inc is a telecommunications company offering mainly wireless products and services. It uses MongoDB. a document model database that offers high availability, scalability, and flexibility.
Last month, Socket Inc. reported an information security incident. A group of hackers compromised its MongoDB database, because the database administrators did not change its default settings, leaving it without a password and publicly accessible.
Fortunately. Socket Inc. performed regular information backups in their MongoDB database, so no information was lost during the incident. In addition, a syslog server allowed Socket Inc. to centralize all logs in one server. The company found out that no persistent backdoor was placed and that the attack was not initiated from an employee inside the company by reviewing the event logs that record user faults and exceptions.
To prevent similar incidents in the future, Socket Inc. decided to use an access control system that grants access to authorized personnel only. The company also implemented a control in order to define and implement rules for the effective use of cryptography, including cryptographic key management, to protect the database from unauthorized access The implementation was based on all relevant agreements, legislation, and regulations, and the information classification scheme. To improve security and reduce the administrative efforts, network segregation using VPNs was proposed.
Lastly, Socket Inc. implemented a new system to maintain, collect, and analyze information related to information security threats, and integrate information security into project management.
Based on scenario 3, what would help Socket Inc. address similar information security incidents in the future?
- A. Using cryptographic keys to protect the database from unauthorized access
- B. Using the access control system to ensure that only authorized personnel is granted access
- C. Using the MongoDB database with the default settings
正解：A
解説：
In Scenario 3, the measure that would help Socket Inc. address similar information security incidents in the future is "B. Using cryptographic keys to protect the database from unauthorized access." Implementing cryptographic controls, including cryptographic key management, is a proactive measure to secure the data in the MongoDB database against unauthorized access. It ensures that even if attackers gain access to the database, they cannot read or misuse the data without the appropriate cryptographic keys. This approach aligns with best practices for securing sensitive data and is part of a comprehensive security strategy.
References:
* ISO 27001 - Annex A.10 - Cryptography
* ISO 27001 Annex A.10 - Cryptography | ISMS.online
* ISO 27001 cryptographic controls policy | What needs to be included?
質問 # 90
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