IT-Risk-Fundamentals認証試験の問題集解答を提供しています [2024年11月]
更新されたIT-Risk-Fundamentals試験練習テスト問題
質問 # 27
When should a consistent risk analysis method be used?
- A. When the goal is to produce results that can be compared over time
- B. When the goal is to aggregate risk at the enterprise level
- C. When the goal is to prioritize risk response plans
正解：A
解説：
A consistent risk analysis method should be used when the goal is to produce results that can be compared over time. Here's the explanation:
* When the Goal Is to Produce Results That Can Be Compared Over Time: Consistency in the risk analysis method ensures that results are comparable across different periods. This allows for trend analysis, monitoring changes in risk levels, and assessing the effectiveness of risk management strategies over time.
* When the Goal Is to Aggregate Risk at the Enterprise Level: While consistency helps, the primary goal here is to provide a comprehensive view of all risks across the organization. Aggregation can be achieved through various methods, but comparability over time is not the main objective.
* When the Goal Is to Prioritize Risk Response Plans: Consistency aids in prioritization, but the main focus here is on assessing and ranking risks based on their severity and impact, which can be achieved with different methods.
Therefore, a consistent risk analysis method is most crucial when aiming to produce comparable results over time.
質問 # 28
Which of the following is of GREATEST concern when aggregating risk information in management reports?
- A. Duplicating details of risk status
- B. Generalizing acceptable risk levels
- C. Obfuscating the reasons behind risk
正解：C
解説：
Importance of Clear Risk Reporting:
* Accurate and transparent risk reporting is crucial for effective risk management. It allows stakeholders to understand the underlying causes of risks and take appropriate actions.
Greatest Concern in Risk Reporting:
* Duplicating details of risk status (A) is less critical as it can be managed through report structuring.
* Generalizing acceptable risk levels (C) is also concerning but does not impact the understanding of the root causes of risks as significantly.
Obfuscating Risk Reasons:
* The greatest concern is obfuscating the reasons behind risks, as this prevents stakeholders from understanding the true nature of the risk and making informed decisions.
* Effective risk management requires clarity about why risks exist and how they are being managed, which aligns with the guidance provided in standards like ISO 31000 and COSO ERM.
Conclusion:
* Therefore, the greatest concern when aggregating risk information in management reports is Obfuscating the reasons behind risk.
質問 # 29
Which of the following is an example of a preventive control?
- A. File integrity monitoring (FIM) on personal database stores
- B. Air conditioning systems with excess capacity to permit failure of certain components
- C. Data management checks on sensitive data processing procedures
正解：C
解説：
An example of a preventive control is data management checks on sensitive data processing procedures.
Here's why:
* File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) on Personal Database Stores: FIM is a detective control. It monitors changes to files and alerts administrators when unauthorized modifications occur.
* Air Conditioning Systems with Excess Capacity to Permit Failure of Certain Components: This is an example of a contingency plan or redundancy, designed to ensure availability but not directly related to preventing security incidents.
* Data Management Checks on Sensitive Data Processing Procedures: These checks are designed to ensure that data is processed correctly and securely from the start, preventing errors and unauthorized
* changes to sensitive data. This is a preventive measure as it aims to prevent issues before they occur.
Therefore, data management checks on sensitive data processing procedures are a preventive control.
質問 # 30
What is the purpose of a control objective?
- A. To describe the risk of loss to an asset
- B. To describe the responsibility of stakeholders to protect assets
- C. To describe the result of protecting an asset for a business process
正解：C
解説：
A control objective is a specific target or goal that a control activity aims to achieve. The primary purpose of a control objective is to ensure that the business processes are conducted in a way that meets the organization's requirements for security, accuracy, and efficiency. Specifically, control objectives:
* Define Desired Outcomes:They describe the expected result of implementing a control, such as protecting an asset, ensuring data integrity, or complying with regulations. For example, a control objective might be to ensure that financial transactions are accurately recorded and reported.
* Guide Control Activities:Control objectives help in designing and implementing control activities.
These activities are then measured against the control objectives to ensure they are effective in achieving the desired outcome.
* Support Risk Management:Control objectives are integral to risk management frameworks as they help in identifying what needs to be controlled to mitigate risks effectively. They provide a benchmark against which the performance of controls can be measured.
References:
* ISA 315 Anlage 5andAnlage 6detail the importance of understanding and defining control objectives within the context of IT controls to ensure they adequately address the risks and support business processes effectively.
* SAP Financial Modules and Reportsinclude various control objectives aimed at protecting assets, ensuring accurate financial reporting, and complying with regulatory requirements.
質問 # 31
Which of the following would be considered a cyber-risk?
- A. A system that does not meet the needs of users
- B. Unauthorized use of information
- C. A change in security technology
正解：B
解説：
Cyber-Risiken betreffen Bedrohungen und Schwachstellen in IT-Systemen, die durch unbefugten Zugriff oder Missbrauch von Informationen entstehen.Dies schließt die unautorisierte Nutzung von Informationen ein.
* Definition und Beispiele:
* Cyber Risk: Risiken im Zusammenhang mit Cyberangriffen, Datenverlust und Informationsdiebstahl.
* Unauthorized Use of Information: Ein Beispiel für ein Cyber-Risiko, bei dem unbefugte Personen Zugang zu vertraulichen Daten erhalten.
* Schutzmaßnahmen:
* Zugriffskontrollen: Authentifizierung und Autorisierung, um unbefugten Zugriff zu verhindern.
* Sicherheitsüberwachung: Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) und regelmäßige Sicherheitsüberprüfungen.
References:
* ISA 315: Importance of IT controls in preventing unauthorized access and use of information.
* ISO 27001: Framework for managing information security risks, including unauthorized access.
質問 # 32
Which of the following is the MOST likely reason to perform a qualitative risk analysis?
- A. To map the value of benefits that can be directly compared to the cost of a risk response
- B. To gain a low-cost understanding of business unit dependencies and interactions
- C. To aggregate risk in a meaningful way for a comprehensive view of enterprise risk
正解：B
解説：
A qualitative risk analysis is most likely performed to gain a low-cost understanding of business unit dependencies and interactions. Here's the explanation:
* To Gain a Low-Cost Understanding of Business Unit Dependencies and Interactions: Qualitative risk analysis focuses on assessing risks based on their characteristics and impacts through subjective measures such as interviews, surveys, and expert judgment. It is less resource-intensive compared to quantitative analysis and provides a broad understanding of dependencies and interactions within the business units.
* To Aggregate Risk in a Meaningful Way for a Comprehensive View of Enterprise Risk: While qualitative analysis can contribute to this, the primary goal is not aggregation but rather understanding individual risks and their impacts.
* To Map the Value of Benefits That Can Be Directly Compared to the Cost of a Risk Response: This is typically the goal of quantitative risk analysis, which involves numerical estimates of risks and their impacts to compare costs and benefits directly.
Therefore, the primary reason for performing a qualitative risk analysis is to gain a low-cost understanding of business unit dependencies and interactions.
質問 # 33
Potential losses resulting from employee errors and system failures are examples of:
- A. market risk.
- B. strategic risk.
- C. operational risk.
正解：C
解説：
Operationelle Risiken umfassen Verluste, die durch unzureichende oder fehlgeschlagene interne Prozesse, Personen und Systeme oder durch externe Ereignisse verursacht werden.Mitarbeiterfehler und Systemausfälle sind typische Beispiele für operationelle Risiken.
* Definition und Kategorien von Risiken:
* Operational Risk: Betrifft Verluste aufgrund interner Prozesse oder menschlicher Fehler.
* Market Risk: Verluste aufgrund von Marktschwankungen.
* Strategic Risk: Verluste aufgrund von Fehlentscheidungen im Management oder strategischen Planungsfehlern.
* Beispiele für operationelle Risiken:
* Mitarbeiterfehler: Fehlerhafte Dateneingabe, Nichtbeachtung von Arbeitsprozessen.
* Systemausfälle: IT-Systemabstürze, Hardware-Fehlfunktionen.
References:
* ISA 315: Operational risks and how they are identified and managed within the IT environment.
* ISO 27001: Information security management systems that include measures for mitigating operational risks.
質問 # 34
Which of the following is the PRIMARY outcome of a risk scoping activity?
- A. Identification of major risk factors to be benchmarked against industry competitors
- B. Identification of potential high-impact risk areas throughout the enterprise
- C. Identification of risk scenarios related to emerging technologies
正解：B
解説：
Risk scoping is a critical activity in the risk management process aimed at identifying areas within the enterprise that may be exposed to significant risks. The primary outcome of this activity is to identify potential high-impact risk areas throughout the enterprise. This involves assessing various business processes, IT systems, and operational functions to determine where risks may arise and their potential impact on the organization. By focusing on high-impact areas, the organization can prioritize resources and efforts to mitigate these risks effectively. This approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of the risk landscape, which is essential for effective risk management and aligns with best practices outlined in ISO 31000 and COBIT frameworks.
質問 # 35
An l&T-related risk assessment enables individuals responsible for risk governance to:
- A. identify potential high-risk areas.
- B. assign proper risk ownership.
- C. define remediation plans for identified risk factors.
正解：A
解説：
An IT-related risk assessment enables individuals responsible for risk governance to identify potential high-risk areas. Here's a detailed explanation:
* Define Remediation Plans for Identified Risk Factors: While risk assessments may lead to the
* development of remediation plans, the primary objective is not to define these plans but to identify where the risks lie.
* Assign Proper Risk Ownership: Assigning risk ownership is an important part of risk management, but it follows the identification of risks. The assessment itself is primarily focused on identifying risks rather than assigning ownership.
* Identify Potential High-Risk Areas: The core purpose of a risk assessment is to identify and evaluate areas where the organization is exposed to significant risks. This identification process is crucial for prioritizing risk management efforts and ensuring that resources are allocated to address the most critical risks first.
Therefore, the primary purpose of an IT-related risk assessment is to identify potential high-risk areas.
質問 # 36
An enterprise that uses a two-factor authentication login method for accessing sensitive data has implemented which type of control?
- A. Preventive
- B. Detective
- C. Corrective
正解：A
解説：
An enterprise that uses a two-factor authentication login method for accessing sensitive data has implemented a preventive control. Here's why:
* Preventive Control: This type of control is designed to prevent security incidents before they occur.
Two-factor authentication (2FA) enhances security by requiring two forms of verification (e.g., a password and a mobile code) to access sensitive data. This prevents unauthorized access by ensuring that even if one authentication factor (like a password) is compromised, the second factor remains a barrier to entry.
* Corrective Control: These controls come into play after an incident has occurred, aiming to correct or
* mitigate the impact. Examples include restoring data from backups or applying patches after a vulnerability is exploited. 2FA does not correct an incident but prevents it from happening.
* Detective Control: These controls are designed to detect and alert about incidents when they happen.
Examples include intrusion detection systems (IDS) and audit logs. 2FA is not about detection but about prevention.
Therefore, two-factor authentication is a preventive control.
質問 # 37
An enterprise is currently experiencing an unacceptable 8% processing error rate and desires to manage risk by establishing a policy that error rates cannot exceed 5%. In addition, management wants to be alerted when error rates meet or exceed 4%. The enterprise should set a key performance indicator (KPI) metric at which of the following levels?
- A. 8%
- B. 5%
- C. 4%
正解：C
解説：
Setting KPIs:
* A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) should be set at a level that allows for early detection and response to deviations from desired performance levels.
* In this case, management wants to be alerted when error rates meet or exceed 4%, even though the acceptable limit is 5%.
Alert Threshold:
* Setting the KPI at 4% ensures that management receives timely alerts before reaching the unacceptable error rate of 5%.
* This approach enables proactive management and correction of processes to maintain error rates within acceptable limits.
References:
* ISA 315 (Revised 2019), Anlage 5discusses the importance of monitoring and setting appropriate thresholds for performance and risk indicators to manage and mitigate risks effectively.
質問 # 38
Which of the following are control conditions that exist in IT systems and may be exploited by an attacker?
- A. Threats
- B. Cybersecurity risk scenarios
- C. Vulnerabilities
正解：C
解説：
Control conditions that exist in IT systems and may be exploited by an attacker are known as vulnerabilities.
Here's the breakdown:
* Cybersecurity Risk Scenarios: These are hypothetical situations that outline potential security threats and their impact on an organization. They are not specific control conditions but rather a part of risk assessment and planning.
* Vulnerabilities: These are weaknesses or flaws in the IT systems that can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access or cause damage. Vulnerabilities can be found in software, hardware, or procedural controls, and addressing these is critical for maintaining system security.
* Threats: These are potential events or actions that can exploit vulnerabilities to cause harm. While threats are important to identify, they are not the control conditions themselves but rather the actors or events that take advantage of these conditions.
Thus, the correct answer is vulnerabilities, as these are the exploitable weaknesses within IT systems.
質問 # 39
Which of the following is important to ensure when validating the results of a frequency analysis?
- A. Estimates used during the analysis were based on reliable and historical data.
- B. The analysis method has been fully documented and explained.
- C. The analysis was conducted by an independent third party.
正解：A
解説：
When validating the results of a frequency analysis, it is important to ensure that estimates used during the analysis were based on reliable and historical data. Here's why:
* Estimates Used During the Analysis Were Based on Reliable and Historical Data: This ensures that the analysis is grounded in reality and reflects actual historical trends and patterns. Reliable data enhances the accuracy and credibility of the analysis, making the results more trustworthy and actionable.
* The Analysis Was Conducted by an Independent Third Party: While this can add an element of impartiality, it is not as critical as the accuracy and reliability of the data used. The focus should be on the quality and relevance of the data.
* The Analysis Method Has Been Fully Documented and Explained: Documentation is important for
* transparency and reproducibility, but it does not directly impact the accuracy of the frequency estimates.
The reliability of the data is paramount.
Therefore, ensuring that estimates are based on reliable and historical data is the most important factor in validating a frequency analysis.
質問 # 40
Which of the following is a valid source or basis for selecting key risk indicators (KRIs)?
- A. Historical enterprise risk metrics
- B. External threat reporting services
- C. Risk workshop brainstorming
正解：A
解説：
Sources for Selecting KRIs:
* Historical Enterprise Risk Metrics:These provide data-driven insights into past risk events, helping to identify patterns and potential future risks.
* Risk Workshop Brainstorming:While valuable, this approach relies on subjective input and may not be as reliable as historical data.
* External Threat Reporting Services:Useful for understanding external risks, but may not provide comprehensive insights specific to the enterprise.
Importance of Historical Data:
* Using historical risk metrics ensures that KRIs are based on actual risk occurrences and trends within the enterprise.
* This approach allows for more accurate and relevant KRIs that reflect the enterprise's specific risk profile.
References:
* ISA 315 (Revised 2019), Anlage 6highlights the importance of using reliable and relevant data sources for risk management, ensuring that KRIs are effective in predicting and monitoring risks.
質問 # 41
To be effective, risk reporting and communication should provide:
- A. risk reports to each business unit and groups of employees.
- B. stakeholders with concise information focused on key points.
- C. the same risk information for each decision-making stakeholder.
正解：B
解説：
Effective Risk Reporting:
* Effective risk reporting should provide relevant, concise, and focused information that addresses the key points necessary for decision-making.
Relevance and Conciseness:
* Providing risk reports to each business unit and groups of employees (A) can lead to information overload and may not be practical or effective.
* The same risk information for each decision-making stakeholder (B) may not be appropriate as different stakeholders have varying levels of responsibility and information needs.
Focused Communication:
* Providing concise information focused on key points ensures that stakeholders receive relevant data without unnecessary details, facilitating better decision-making.
* This approach is supported by best practices in risk management reporting, which emphasize the importance of clarity, relevance, and focus.
Conclusion:
* Therefore, risk reporting and communication should providestakeholders with concise information focused on key points.
質問 # 42
Which of the following is the BEST control to prevent unauthorized user access in a remote work environment?
- A. Multi-factor authentication
- B. Read-only user privileges
- C. Monthly user access recertification
正解：A
解説：
The best control to prevent unauthorized user access in a remote work environment is multi-factor authentication (MFA). Here's the explanation:
* Read-Only User Privileges: While limiting user privileges to read-only can reduce the risk of unauthorized changes, it does not prevent unauthorized access entirely.
* Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): MFA requires users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access, making it significantly harder for unauthorized users to access systems, even if they obtain one of the factors (e.g., a password). This is particularly effective in a remote work environment where the risk of credential theft and unauthorized access is higher.
* Monthly User Access Recertification: This involves periodically reviewing and validating user access rights. While important, it is a periodic check and does not provide immediate prevention of unauthorized access.
Therefore, MFA is the most effective control for preventing unauthorized user access in a remote work environment.
質問 # 43
A risk practitioner has been asked to prepare a risk report by the end of the day that includes an analysis of the most significant risk events facing the organization. Which of the following would BEST enable the risk practitioner to meet the report deadline?
- A. Delphi method
- B. Markov analysis
- C. Monte Carlo simulation
正解：A
解説：
The Delphi method is best suited for preparing a risk report with an analysis of the most significant risk events facing the organization within a short deadline. Here's why:
* Delphi Method: This method involves gathering expert opinions through a series of questionnaires, which are then aggregated and shared with the group for further refinement. It is a quick and effective way to reach a consensus on significant risk events due to its iterative process of anonymous feedback and revisions. This method can provide a structured and comprehensive analysis in a limited time frame.
* Markov Analysis: This is a stochastic process for modeling random systems that transition from one state to another. It requires substantial data and time to analyze probabilities of different states, making it less practical for a quick report.
* Monte Carlo Simulation: This method uses random sampling and statistical modeling to estimate the probability of different outcomes. While highly accurate and useful for complex risk scenarios, it is time-consuming and data-intensive, making it less suitable for a same-day deadline.
Therefore, the Delphi method is the best option for quickly preparing a risk report with significant risk events.
質問 # 44
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