VA-002-P認定ガイドPDFは100%カバー率でリアル試験問題が使える [Q18-Q38]

VA-002-P認定ガイドPDFは100%カバー率でリアル試験問題が使える

合格させるVA-002-P試験にはリアル問題解答

試験に備えるために、候補者はオンラインコース、学習ガイド、実践試験など、様々なリソースを活用することができます。また、実際のプロジェクトでVaultを使用したり、HashiCorpや他の組織が提供するトレーニングプログラムに参加することで、実践的な経験を積むこともできます。

質問 # 18
Which of the following secrets engine can generate dynamic credentials? (select three)

A. AWS
B. database
C. Transit
D. Azure
E. key/value

正解：A、B、D

解説：
Vault has many secrets engines that can generate dynamic credentials, including AWS, Azure, and database secrets engines. The key/value secret engine is used to store data, and the transit secret engine is used to encrypt data.

質問 # 19
Vault has failed to start. You inspect the log and find the error below. What needs to be changed in order to successfully start Vault?
"Error parsing config.hcl: At 1:12: illegal char"

A. you must use single quotes vs double quotes in the config file
B. fix the syntax error in the Vault configuration file
C. the " character cannot be used in the config file
D. line 1 on the config file is blank

正解：B

解説：
It implies that there is a syntax error in the configuration file. The exact location of the error in the file can be identified in the error message

質問 # 20
A user creates three workspaces from the command line - prod, dev, and test. Which of the following commands will the user run to switch to the dev workspace?

A. terraform workspace select dev
B. terraform workspace -switch dev
C. terraform workspace dev
D. terraform workspace switch dev

正解：A

解説：
The terraform workspace select command is used to choose a different workspace to use for further operations. https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/workspace/select.html

質問 # 21
After issuing the command to delete a secret, you run a vault kv list command but the secret still exists. What command would permanently delete this secret from Vault?
1. $ vault kv delete kv/applications/app01
2. Success! Data deleted (if it existed) at: kv/applications/app01
3. $ vault kv list kv/applications
4. Keys
5. ----
6. app01

A. vault kv delete -force kv/applications/app01
B. vault kv destroy -versions=1 kv/applications/app01
C. vault kv metadata delete kv/applications/app01
D. vault kv delete -all kv/applications/app01

正解：C

解説：
The kv metadata command has subcommands for interacting with the metadata and versions for the versioned secrets (K/V Version 2 secrets engine) at the specified path.
The kv metadata delete command deletes all versions and metadata for the provided key.
Reference link:- https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/commands/kv/metadata

質問 # 22
What is the Consul Agent?

A. the core process of Consul which maintains membership information, manages services, runs checks, responds to queries, and more.
B. a daemon that Vault uses to register auth methods across all of its clusters to ensure consistency among the data written to disk
C. an agent that runs in the background to provide additional features for Consul
D. a process that registers services with Consul

正解：A

解説：
The Consul agent is the core Consul process that runs the Consul service. Everything Consul does is the result of the Consul agent, which can run in either server or client mode.
Reference link:- https://www.consul.io/docs/agent

質問 # 23
Which of the following Vault features is available only in the Enterprise version? (select three)

A. cloud auto unseal
B. dynamic credentials
C. MFA
D. replication
E. auto unseal with HSM

正解：C、D、E

解説：
Most of the important features of Vault are available in the open-source version, however, some of the features which are generally required by large organizations are only available in the Enterprise version such as:-
- MFA - Multi-factor Authentication
- Replication
- Auto unseal with HSM and many more.
Check all the features at the below link.
Reference link:- https://www.hashicorp.com/products/vault/pricing/

質問 # 24
In order to reduce the time it takes to provision resources, Terraform uses parallelism. By default, how many resources will Terraform provision concurrently?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

正解：D

解説：
Terraform can limit the number of concurrent operations as Terraform walks the graph using the -parallelism=n argument. The default value for this setting is 10. This setting might be helpful if you're running into API rate limits.

質問 # 25
After decrypting data using the transit secrets engine, the plaintext output does not match the plaintext credit card number that you encrypted. Which of the following answers provides a solution?
1. $ vault write transit/decrypt/creditcard\ ciphertext="vault:v1:cZNHVx+sxdMErXRSuDa1q/pz49fXTn1PScKfhf+PIZPvy8xKfkytpwKcbC0fF2U=" \
2.
3. Key Value
4. --- -----
5. plaintext Y3JlZGl0LWNhcmQtbnVtYmVyCg==

A. Vault is sealed, therefore the data cannot be decrypted. Unseal Vault to properly decrypt the data
B. the user doesn't have permission to decrypt the data, therefore Vault returns false data so as not to reveal if the data was actually encrypted by Vault
C. The data is corrupted. Execute the encryption command again using a different data key
D. The resulting plaintext data is base64-encoded. To reveal the original plaintext, use the base64 --decode command.

正解：D

解説：
All plaintext data must be base64-encoded. The reason for this requirement is that Vault does not require that the plaintext is "text". It could be a binary file such as a PDF or image. The easiest safe transport mechanism for this data as part of a JSON payload is to base64-encode it.
Reference link:- https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/encryption-as-a-service/eaas-transit

質問 # 26
When configuring Vault replication and monitoring its status, you keep seeing something called 'WALs'. What are WALs?

A. write-ahead log
B. write along logging
C. warning of allocated logs
D. wake after lan

正解：A

解説：
Reference links:-
https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/day-one/monitor-replication
https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/internals/replication

質問 # 27
True or False:
Workspaces provide identical functionality in the open-source, Terraform Cloud, and Enterprise versions of Terraform.

A. True
B. False

正解：B

解説：
Workspaces, managed with the terraform workspace command, aren't the same thing as Terraform Cloud workspaces.
Terraform Cloud workspaces act more like completely separate working directories.
CLI workspaces(OSS) are just alternate state files.

質問 # 28
Which of the following commands will launch the Interactive console for Terraform interpolations?

A. terraform
B. terraform cli
C. terraform console
D. terraform cmdline

正解：C

解説：
The terraform console command provides an interactive console for evaluating expressions.
https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/console.html

質問 # 29
After encrypting data using the transit secrets engine, you've received the following output. Which of the following is true based upon the output?
1. Key Value
2. --- -----
3. ciphertext vault:v2:45f9zW6cglbrzCjI0yCyC6DBYtSBSxnMgUn9B5aHcGEit71xefPEmmjMbrk3

A. the data is stored in Vault using a KV v2 secrets engine
B. this is the second version of the encrypted data
C. the original encryption key has been rotated at least once
D. similar to the KV secrets engine, the transit secrets engine was enabled using the transit v2 option

正解：C

解説：
When data is encrypted using Vault, the resulting ciphertext is prepended by the version of the key used to encrypt it. In this case, the version is v2, which means that the encryption key was rotated at least one time. Any data that was encrypted with the original key would have been prepended with vault:v1 To rotate a key, use the command vault write -f transit/keys/<key name>/rotate Reference link:- https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/encryption-as-a-service/eaas-transit

質問 # 30
The following is a snippet from a Terraform configuration file:
1. provider "aws" {
2. region = "us-east-1"
3. }
4. provider "aws" {
5. region = "us-west-1"
6. }
which, when validated, results in the following error:-
1. Error: Duplicate provider configuration
2.
3. on main.tf line 5:
4. 5: provider "aws" {
5.
6. A default provider configuration for "aws" was already given at
7. main.tf:1,1-15. If multiple configurations are required, set the "______"
8. argument for alternative configurations.
Fill in the blank in the error message with the correct string from the list below.

A. alias
B. version
C. label
D. multi

正解：A

解説：
An alias meta-argument is used when using the same provider with different configurations for different resources.
https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/providers.html#alias-multiple-provider-instances

質問 # 31
Which of the following actions are performed during a terraform init? (select three)

A. provisions the declared resources in your configuration
B. download the declared providers which are supported by HashiCorp
C. initializes the backend configuration
D. initializes downloaded and/or installed providers

正解：B、C、D

解説：
The terraform init command is used to initialize a working directory containing Terraform configuration files. This is the first command that should be run after writing a new Terraform configuration or cloning an existing one from version control. It is safe to run this command multiple times.

質問 # 32
Which of the following statements best describes the Terraform list(...) type?

A. a collection of named attributes that each have their own type.
B. a sequence of values identified by consecutive whole numbers starting with zero.
C. a collection of unique values that do not have any secondary identifiers or ordering.
D. a collection of values where each is identified by a string label.

正解：B

解説：
A terraform list is a sequence of values identified by consecutive whole numbers starting with zero.
https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/types.html#structural-types

質問 # 33
In the following code snippet, the block type is identified by which string?
1. resource "aws_instance" "db" {
2. ami = "ami-123456"
3. instance_type = "t2.micro"
4. }

A. resource
B. instance_type
C. "aws_instance"
D. "db"

正解：A

解説：
The format of resource block configurations is as follows:
<block type> "<resource type>" "<local name/label>"

質問 # 34
An application is trying to use a secret in which the lease has expired. What can be done in order for the application to successfully request data from Vault?

A. perform a lease renewal
B. request a new secret and associated lease
C. request the TTL be extended for the secret
D. try the expired secret in hopes it hasn't been deleted yet

正解：B

解説：
A lease must be renewed before it has expired. Once it has expired, it is permanently revoked and a new secret must be requested.

質問 # 35
Which of the following Terraform files should be ignored by Git when committing code to a repo? (select two)

A. output.tf
B. terraform.tfstate
C. terraform.tfvars
D. variables.tf

正解：B、C

解説：
The .gitignore file should be configured to ignore Terraform files that either contain sensitive data or aren't required to save.
The terraform.tfstate file contains the terraform state of a specific environment and doesn't need to be preserved in a repo. The terraform.tfvars file may contain sensitive data, such as passwords or IP addresses of an environment that you may not want to share with others.

質問 # 36
In the example below, the depends_on argument creates what type of dependency?
1. esource "aws_instance" "example" {
2. ami = "ami-2757f631"
3. instance_type = "t2.micro"
4. depends_on = [aws_s3_bucket.company_data]
5. }

A. implicit dependency
B. non-dependency resource
C. internal dependency
D. explicit dependency

正解：D

解説：
Sometimes there are dependencies between resources that are not visible to Terraform. The depends_on argument is accepted by any resource and accepts a list of resources to create explicit dependencies for.

質問 # 37
The Vault Agent provides which of the following benefits? (select three)

A. authentication to Vault
B. client-side caching of responses
C. automatically creates secrets in the desired storage backend
D. token renewal

正解：A、B、D

解説：
Vault Agent is a client daemon that provides the following features:
- Auto-Auth
- Caching
- Templating
Reference link:- https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/agent

質問 # 38
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この試験は、Vaultアーキテクチャ、インストール、設定、および管理などの幅広いトピックをカバーしています。候補者は、Vaultポリシーと認証方法の知識、Vaultを使用して秘密、暗号化キー、および証明書を管理する能力を証明する必要があります。この試験は、候補者がシミュレートされた環境でタスクを実行するハンズオンテストであり、つまり、試験に合格するためにはVaultの実務経験が必要です。試験に合格すると、候補者にはHashiCorp Certified：Vault Associate認定が授与され、Vaultの熟練度の卓越したマークとして世界的に認められます。

HashiCorp VA-002-P 認定試験の出題範囲：

トピック	出題範囲
トピック 1	Explain encryption as a service Explain response wrapping Explain Vault architecture Authenticate to Vault
トピック 2	Differentiate between service and batch tokens. Choose one based on use-case Describe authentication methods
トピック 3	Describe the encryption of data stored by Vault Contrast dynamic secrets vs. static secrets and their use cases
トピック 4	Configure transit secret engine Compare authentication methods Illustrate the value of Vault policy
トピック 5	Describe secrets caching Configure Vault policies Explain orphaned tokens Configure Vault policies
トピック 6	Differentiate human vs. system auth methods Configure environment variables Configure authentication methods