最高で有効なISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor試験問題と解答PDF ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor問題集（最近更新された192問あります) [Q112-Q137]

最高で有効なISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor試験問題と解答PDF ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor問題集（最近更新された192問あります)

試験問題解答はISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor学習ガイド

質問 # 112
Which three of the following options are an advantage of using a sampling plan for the audit?

• A. Overrules the auditor's instincts
• B. Implements the audit plan efficiently
• C. Misses key issues
• D. Provides a suitable understanding of the ISMS
• E. Use of the plan for consecutive audits
• F. Gives confidence in the audit results

正解：B、D、F

解説：
Explanation
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, a sampling plan is a method for selecting a representative subset of the audit evidence from a defined population1. A sampling plan can have several advantages for the audit, such as providing a suitable understanding of the ISMS by covering its key processes, activities, and controls; implementing the audit plan efficiently by optimizing the use of time and resources; and giving confidence in the audit results by ensuring that the sample is sufficient, reliable, and unbiased1. Therefore, these three options are examples of advantages of using a sampling plan for the audit. The other options are not advantages, but rather disadvantages or risks of using a sampling plan. For example, overruling the auditor's instincts may lead to missing important evidence or issues that are not covered by the sampling plan; using the same plan for consecutive audits may reduce the effectiveness and validity of the audit results; and missing key issues may result from an inadequate or inappropriate sampling plan1. References: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

質問 # 113
Select the words that best complete the sentence:
To complete the sentence with the best word(s), click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the option to the appropriate blank section.

正解：

解説：

Explanation:

A third-party audit team leader is a person who leads an audit team that conducts audits on behalf of an external organization, such as a certification body, that provides certification or accreditation services to other organizations12.
One of the main responsibilities of a third-party audit team leader is to act on behalf of the certification body, which means to represent its interests, policies, and procedures during the audit process12.
Acting on behalf of the certification body involves communicating with the audit client and the auditee, planning and conducting the audit, reporting and evaluating the audit results, and making recommendations for certification or accreditation decisions12.
Acting on behalf of the certification body also requires maintaining professional integrity, impartiality, confidentiality, and competence throughout the audit process12.
References :=
ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2022 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements

質問 # 114
A scenario wherein the city or location where the building(s) reside is / are not accessible.

• A. City
• B. Country
• C. Component
• D. Facility

正解：A

解説：
A scenario wherein the city or location where the building(s) reside is / are not accessible is called a city disaster scenario, according to the CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course. This scenario is one of the four types of disaster scenarios that should be considered in the business continuity planning process, along with component, facility and country scenarios. A city scenario may be caused by events such as natural disasters, civil unrest, terrorist attacks or pandemic outbreaks that affect the entire city or region where the organization operates. Reference: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course]

質問 # 115
Which measure is a preventive measure?

• A. Putting sensitive information in a safe
• B. Shutting down all internet traffic after a hacker has gained access to the company systems
• C. Installing a logging system that enables changes in a system to be recognized

正解：A

質問 # 116
Which three of the following options are an advantage of using a sampling plan for the audit?

• A. Overrules the auditor's instincts
• B. Implements the audit plan efficiently
• C. Misses key issues
• D. Provides a suitable understanding of the ISMS
• E. Use of the plan for consecutive audits
• F. Gives confidence in the audit results

正解：B、D、F

解説：
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, a sampling plan is a method for selecting a representative subset of the audit evidence from a defined population1. A sampling plan can have several advantages for the audit, such as providing a suitable understanding of the ISMS by covering its key processes, activities, and controls; implementing the audit plan efficiently by optimizing the use of time and resources; and giving confidence in the audit results by ensuring that the sample is sufficient, reliable, and unbiased1. Therefore, these three options are examples of advantages of using a sampling plan for the audit. The other options are not advantages, but rather disadvantages or risks of using a sampling plan. For example, overruling the auditor's instincts may lead to missing important evidence or issues that are not covered by the sampling plan; using the same plan for consecutive audits may reduce the effectiveness and validity of the audit results; and missing key issues may result from an inadequate or inappropriate sampling plan1. Reference: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

質問 # 117
Which two of the following statements are true?

• A. The purpose of an ISMS is to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements
• B. The benefit of certifying an ISMS is to obtain contracts from governmental institutions
• C. The benefits of implementing an ISMS primarily result from a reduction in information security risks
• D. The purpose of an ISMS is to apply a risk management process for preserving information security

正解：C、D

解説：
Explanation
The benefits of implementing an ISMS are not limited to a reduction in information security risks, but also include improved business performance, customer satisfaction, legal compliance, and stakeholder confidence.
The benefit of certifying an ISMS is not only to obtain contracts from governmental institutions, but also to demonstrate the organisation's commitment to information security to other potential customers, partners, and regulators. The purpose of an ISMS is to apply a risk management process for preserving information security, which means identifying, analysing, evaluating, treating, monitoring, and reviewing the information security risks that the organisation faces. The purpose of an ISMS is not to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements, but rather to ensure that the organisation meets its own information security objectives and obligations.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) objectives and content from Quality.org and PECB ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements [Section 0.1] and [Section 1]

質問 # 118
Which two of the following statements are true?

• A. The purpose of an ISMS is to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements.
• B. The purpose of an ISMS is to apply a risk management process for preserving information security.
• C. The purpose of an ISMS is to demonstrate awareness of information security issues by management.
• D. The benefit of certifying an ISMS is to increase the number of customers.
• E. The benefit of certifying an ISMS is to show the accreditation certificate on the website.
• F. The benefits of implementing an ISMS primarily result from a reduction in information security risks.

正解：B、F

解説：
Explanation
The benefits of implementing an ISMS primarily result from a reduction in information security risks. E. The purpose of an ISMS is to apply a risk management process for preserving information security.
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: According to the ISO 27001 standard, the benefits of implementing an ISMS include the following1:
Assuring customers and other stakeholders of the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information Enhancing the ability to respond to information security incidents and minimize their impacts Improving the governance and management of information security Reducing the costs and losses associated with information security breaches Increasing the competitiveness and reputation of the organization Complying with legal, regulatory and contractual obligations The purpose of an ISMS is to provide a systematic approach to managing information security risks, based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle1. The ISMS enables the organization to establish, implement, maintain and continually improve its information security performance, in alignment with its business objectives and the needs and expectations of interested parties1. The ISMS consists of the following elements1:
The information security policy and objectives
The scope and boundaries of the ISMS
The processes and procedures for information security risk assessment and treatment The resources and competencies for information security The roles and responsibilities for information security The performance evaluation and improvement of the ISMS The internal and external communication and awareness of the ISMS References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 9-11 ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Information Security Management Standards
4 Key Benefits of ISO 27001 Implementation | ISMS.online
ISO/IEC 27001:2022
An Introduction to the ISO 27001 ISMS | Secureframe

質問 # 119
The data center at which you work is currently seeking ISO/IEC27001:2022 certification. In preparation for your initial certification visit a number of internal audits have been carried out by a colleague working at another data centre within your Group. They secured their ISO/IEC 27001:2022 certificate earlier in the year.
You have just qualified as an Internal ISMS auditor and your manager has asked you to review the audit process and audit findings as a final check before the external Certrfication Body arrives.
Which six of the following would cause you concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements?

• A. The audit programme does not take into account the results of previous audits
• B. Audit reports are not held in hardcopy (i.e. on paper). They are only stored as ".POF documents on the organisation's intranet
• C. The audit process states the results of audits will be made available to 'relevant' managers, not top management
• D. Top management commitment to the ISMS will not be audited before the certification visit, according to the audit programme
• E. Although the scope for each internal audit has been defined, there are no audit criteria defined for the audits carried out to date
• F. The audit programme does not reference audit methods or audit responsibilities
• G. The audit programme does not take into account the relative importance of information security processes
• H. The audit programme mandates auditors must be independent of the areas they audit in order to satisfy the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022
• I. Audit reports to date have used key performance indicator information to focus solely on the efficiency of ISMS processes
• J. The audit programme shows management reviews taking place at irregular intervals during the year

正解：A、D、E、G、I、J

解説：
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 9.3 requires top management to review the organization's ISMS at planned intervals to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness1. Clause 9.2 requires the organization to conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the ISMS conforms to its own requirements and those of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, and is effectively implemented and maintained1. Therefore, when reviewing the audit process and audit findings as a final check before the external certification body arrives, an internal ISMS auditor should verify that these clauses are met in accordance with the audit criteria.
Six of the following statements would cause concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements:
* The audit programme shows management reviews taking place at irregular intervals during the year:
This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not conducting management reviews at planned intervals, as required by clause 9.3. This may affect the ability of top management to ensure the continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the ISMS.
* The audit programme does not take into account the relative importance of information security processes: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not applying a risk-based approach to determine the audit frequency, methods, scope and criteria, as recommended by ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems2. This may affect the ability of the organization to identify and address the most significant risks and opportunities for its ISMS.
* Although the scope for each internal audit has been defined, there are no audit criteria defined for the audits carried out to date: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not establishing audit criteria for each internal audit, as required by clause 9.2. Audit criteria are the set of policies, procedures or requirements used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared2.
Without audit criteria, it is not possible to determine whether the ISMS conforms to its own requirements and those of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
* Audit reports to date have used key performance indicator information to focus solely on the efficiency of ISMS processes: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not evaluating the effectiveness of ISMS processes, as required by clause 9.1. Effectiveness is the extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved2. Efficiency is the relationship between the result achieved and the resources used2. Both aspects are important for measuring and evaluating ISMS performance and improvement.
* The audit programme does not take into account the results of previous audits: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not using the results of previous audits as an input for planning and conducting subsequent audits, as recommended by ISO 19011:20182. This may affect the ability of the organization to identify and address any recurring or unresolved issues or nonconformities related to its ISMS.
* Top management commitment to the ISMS will not be audited before the certification visit, according to the audit programme: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not verifying that top management demonstrates leadership and commitment with respect to its ISMS, as required by clause 5.1. This may affect the ability of top management to ensure that the ISMS policy and objectives are established and compatible with the strategic direction of the organization; that roles, responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are assigned and communicated; that resources needed for the ISMS are available; that communication about information security matters is established; that continual improvement of the ISMS is promoted; that other relevant management reviews are aligned with those of information security; and that support is provided to other relevant roles1.
The other statements would not cause concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements:
* Audit reports are not held in hardcopy (i.e. on paper). They are only stored as ".POF documents on the organisation's intranet: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific format or media for documenting or storing audit reports, as long as they are controlled according to clause 7.5.
* The audit programme mandates auditors must be independent of the areas they audit in order to satisfy the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for auditor independence, as long as the audit is conducted objectively and impartially, in accordance with ISO 19011:20182.
* The audit programme does not reference audit methods or audit responsibilities: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for referencing audit methods or audit responsibilities in the audit programme, as long as they are defined and documented according to ISO 19011:20182.
* The audit process states the results of audits will be made available to 'relevant' managers, not top management: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for communicating the results of audits to top management, as long as they are reported to the relevant parties and used as an input for management review, according to clause 9.3.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

質問 # 120
Select the words that best complete the sentence below to describe audit resources:

正解：

解説：

Explanation
According to ISO 19011:2018, clause 5.3, the person responsible for managing the audit programme should determine the resources necessary for the audit programme, such as the audit team members, the budget, the time, the tools, etc. The audit resources should be sufficient and appropriate to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the audit programme and the audit results. The audit resources include the following elements12:
* Essential resources: These are the resources that are required to conduct the audit programme and the individual audits, such as the audit documents, the audit methods, the audit tools, the audit schedule, the audit budget, etc. The essential resources should be identified and allocated based on the audit objectives, scope, and criteria, and the availability and cooperation of the auditee. The essential resources should also be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect any changes or deviations in the audit programme or the individual audits.
* Competent personnel: These are the audit team members who have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and experience to conduct the audit effectively and efficiently, and to provide credible and reliable audit results and recommendations. The competent personnel should include the audit team leader, the auditors, and any technical experts or observers who support the audit team. The competent personnel should be selected and appointed based on the audit objectives, scope, and criteria, and the specific competence requirements for the audit programme and the individual audits. The competent personnel should also be independent and impartial, and avoid any conflicts of interest or self-interest that may affect the audit results or the audit decisions.
References:
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 5.3
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 19

質問 # 121
Information or data that are classified as ______ do not require labeling.

• A. Highly Confidential
• B. Internal
• C. Public
• D. Confidential

正解：C

質問 # 122
In the context of a management system audit, please identify the sequence of a typical process of collecting and verifying information. The first one has been done for you.

正解：

解説：

Explanation:
A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated

* Identifying the source of information (already given)
* Gathering audit evidence: This involves collecting information from various sources such as documents, records, interviews, and observations.
* Sampling the available data: Due to the vast amount of information available, auditors typically use sampling techniques to select representative data for closer scrutiny.
* Verifying objective evidence: This involves checking the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of the collected evidence.
* Evaluating evidence against the audit criteria: Auditors compare the collected evidence to the established criteria (e.g., standards, policies, procedures) to assess compliance and effectiveness.
* Recording audit findings: This involves documenting the results of the evaluation, including observations, conclusions, and recommendations.
* Making audit conclusions: Based on the recorded findings, auditors formulate overall conclusions about the status of the management system.
Therefore, the correct sequence is:
1. Identifying the source of information 2. Gathering audit evidence 3. Sampling the available data 4.
Verifying objective evidence 5. Evaluating evidence against the audit criteria 6. Recording audit findings 7.
Making audit conclusions

質問 # 123
You are carrying out your first third-party ISMS surveillance audit as an Audit Team Leader. You are presently in the auditee's data centre with another member of your audit team.
You are currently in a large room that is subdivided into several smaller rooms, each of which has a numeric combination lock and swipe card reader on the door. You notice two external contractors using a swipe card and combination number provided by the centre's reception desk to gain access to a client's suite to carry out authorised electrical repairs.
You go to reception and ask to see the door access record for the client's suite. This indicates only one card was swiped. You ask the receptionist and they reply, "yes it's a common problem. We ask everyone to swipe their cards but with contractors especially, one tends to swipe and the rest simply 'tailgate' their way in" but we know who they are from the reception sign-in.
Based on the scenario above which one of the following actions would you now take?

• A. Raise a nonconformity against control A.7.6 'working in secure areas' as security measures for working in secure areas have not been defined
• B. Raise an opportunity for improvement to have a large sign in reception reminding everyone requiring access must use their swipe card at all times
• C. Tell the organisation they must write to their contractors, reminding them of the need to use access cards appropriately
• D. Raise a nonconformity against control A.5.20 'addressing information security in supplier relationships' as information security requirements have not been agreed upon with the supplier
• E. Raise an opportunity for improvement that contractors must be accompanied at all times when accessing secure facilities
• F. Determine whether any additional effective arrangements are in place to verify individual access to secure areas e.g. CCTV
• G. Take no action. Irrespective of any recommendations, contractors will always act in this way
• H. Raise a nonconformity against control A.7.2 'physical entry' as a secure area is not adequately protected

正解：H

解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), control A.7.2 requires an organization to implement appropriate physical entry controls to prevent unauthorized access to secure areas1. The organization should define and document the criteria for granting and revoking access rights to secure areas, and should monitor and record the use of such access rights1. Therefore, when auditing the organization's application of control A.7.2, an ISMS auditor should verify that these aspects are met in accordance with the audit criteria.
Based on the scenario above, the auditor should raise a nonconformity against control A.7.2, as the secure area is not adequately protected from unauthorized access. The auditor should provide the following evidence and justification for the nonconformity:
Evidence: The auditor observed two external contractors using a swipe card and combination number provided by the centre's reception desk to gain access to a client's suite to carry out authorized electrical repairs. The auditor checked the door access record for the client's suite and found that only one card was swiped. The auditor asked the receptionist and was told that it was a common problem that contractors tend to swipe one card and tailgate their way in, but they were known from the reception sign-in.
Justification: This evidence indicates that the organization has not implemented appropriate physical entry controls to prevent unauthorized access to secure areas, as required by control A.7.2. The organization has not defined and documented the criteria for granting and revoking access rights to secure areas, as there is no verification or authorization process for providing swipe cards and combination numbers to external contractors. The organization has not monitored and recorded the use of access rights to secure areas, as there is no mechanism to ensure that each individual swipes their card and enters their combination number before entering a secure area. The organization has relied on the reception sign-in as a means of identification, which is not sufficient or reliable for ensuring information security.
The other options are not valid actions for auditing control A.7.2, as they are not related to the control or its requirements, or they are not appropriate or effective for addressing the nonconformity. For example:
Take no action: This option is not valid because it implies that the auditor ignores or accepts the nonconformity, which is contrary to the audit principles and objectives of ISO 19011:20182, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems.
Raise a nonconformity against control A.5.20 'addressing information security in supplier relationships' as information security requirements have not been agreed upon with the supplier: This option is not valid because it does not address the root cause of the nonconformity, which is related to physical entry controls, not supplier relationships. Control A.5.20 requires an organization to agree on information security requirements with suppliers that may access, process, store, communicate or provide IT infrastructure components for its information assets1. While this control may be relevant for ensuring information security in supplier relationships, it does not address the issue of unauthorized access to secure areas by external contractors.
Raise a nonconformity against control A.7.6 'working in secure areas' as security measures for working in secure areas have not been defined: This option is not valid because it does not address the root cause of the nonconformity, which is related to physical entry controls, not working in secure areas. Control A.7.6 requires an organization to define and apply security measures for working in secure areas1. While this control may be relevant for ensuring information security when working in secure areas, it does not address the issue of unauthorized access to secure areas by external contractors.
Determine whether any additional effective arrangements are in place to verify individual access to secure areas e.g. CCTV: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather attempts to find alternative or compensating controls that may mitigate its impact or likelihood. While additional arrangements such as CCTV may be useful for verifying individual access to secure areas, they do not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
Raise an opportunity for improvement that contractors must be accompanied at all times when accessing secure facilities: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather suggests a possible improvement action that may prevent or reduce its recurrence or severity. While accompanying contractors at all times when accessing secure facilities may be a good practice for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
Raise an opportunity for improvement to have a large sign in reception reminding everyone requiring access must use their swipe card at all times: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather suggests a possible improvement action that may increase awareness or compliance with the existing controls. While having a large sign in reception reminding everyone requiring access must use their swipe card at all times may be a helpful reminder for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
Tell the organisation they must write to their contractors, reminding them of the need to use access cards appropriately: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather instructs the organization to take a corrective action that may not be effective or sufficient for ensuring information security. While writing to contractors, reminding them of the need to use access cards appropriately may be a communication measure for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.

質問 # 124
An employee caught with offense of abusing the internet, such as P2P file sharing or video/audio streaming, will not receive a warning for committing such act but will directly receive an IR.

• A. False
• B. True

正解：B

解説：
An employee caught with offense of abusing the internet, such as P2P file sharing or video/audio streaming, will not receive a warning for committing such act but will directly receive an IR, because this is a violation of the organization's information security policy and acceptable use policy. An IR (incident report) is a formal document that records the details of an information security incident and the actions taken to resolve it. An IR may also trigger disciplinary actions against the employee, depending on the severity and impact of the incident. Reference: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], [ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements], Example of an information security policy, Example of an acceptable use policy

質問 # 125
Four types of Data Classification (Choose two)

• A. Unrestricted Data, Highly Confidential Data
• B. Project Data, Highly Confidential Data
• C. Financial Data, Highly Confidential Data
• D. Restricted Data, Confidential Data

正解：A、D

質問 # 126
During discussions with the individual(s) managing the audit programme of a certification body, the Management System Representative of the client organisation asks for a specific auditor for the certification audit. Select two of the following options for how the individual(s) managing the audit programme should respond.

• A. State that his request will be considered but may not be taken up
• B. Suggest that the Management System Representative chooses another certification body
• C. Suggest asking the certification body management to permit the request
• D. Advise the Management System Representative that his request can be accepted
• E. Advise the Management System Representative that the audit team selection is a decision that the audit programme manager needs to make based on the resources available

正解：A、E

解説：
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1, which specifies the requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems, a certification body should ensure that its auditors are competent, impartial, and independent from the auditee organization2. Therefore, if a Management System Representative of a client organization asks for a specific auditor for the certification audit, the individual(s) managing the audit programme should respond in a way that does not compromise these principles or create any conflict of interest or undue influence2. Two possible ways to respond are to state that his request will be considered but may not be taken up, as there may be other factors that affect the auditor selection process; or to advise him that the audit team selection is a decision that the audit programme manager needs to make based on the resources available, such as auditor availability, competence, location, etc2. The other options are not suitable ways to respond in this situation. For example, advising him that his request can be accepted may raise doubts about the objectivity and credibility of the auditor and the certification body; suggesting that he chooses another certification body may imply that his request is unreasonable or unethical; and suggesting asking the certification body management to permit his request may suggest that there is room for negotiation or manipulation in auditor selection2. Reference: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 - Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements

質問 # 127
Which of the following statements are correct for Clean Desk Policy?

• A. Don't leave valuable items on your desk if you are not in your work area.
• B. Don't leave confidential documents on your desk.
• C. Don't leave laptops without cable lock.
• D. Don't leave highly confidential items.

正解：A、B、D

質問 # 128
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader guiding an auditor in training. Your team has just completed a third-party surveillance audit of a mobile telecom provider. The auditor in training asks you how you intend to prepare for the Closing meeting. Which four of the following are appropriate responses?

• A. I will instruct my audit team to wait outside the auditee's offices so we can leave as quickly as possible after the closing meeting. This saves our time and the client's time too
• B. I will review and, as appropriate, approve my teams audit conclusions
• C. I will schedule a closing meeting with the auditee's representatives at which the audit conclusions will be presented
• D. I will review the audit evidence and the audit findings with the rest of the team
• E. I will discuss any follow-up required with my audit team
• F. I will advise the auditee that the purpose of the closing meeting is for the audit team to communicate our findings. It is not an opportunity for the auditee to challenge these
• G. I will contact head office to ensure our invoice has been paid, If not, I will cancel the closing meeting and temporarily withhold the audit report
• H. It is not necessary to prepare for the closing meeting. Once you have carried out as many audits as I have you already know what needs to be discussed

正解：C、D、E、F

解説：
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.6 requires the audit team leader to conduct a closing meeting with the auditee's representatives at the end of the audit to present the audit conclusions and any findings1. The closing meeting should also provide an opportunity for the auditee to ask questions, clarify issues, acknowledge the findings, and comment on the audit process1. Therefore, when preparing for the closing meeting, an ISMS auditor should consider the following actions:
I will advise the auditee that the purpose of the closing meeting is for the audit team to communicate our findings. It is not an opportunity for the auditee to challenge these: This action is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the auditor has followed a systematic and consistent approach to collecting and evaluating audit evidence and reaching audit conclusions. The auditor should advise the auditee that the purpose of the closing meeting is for the audit team to communicate their findings, which are based on objective evidence and professional judgement. The auditor should also explain that it is not an opportunity for the auditee to challenge these findings, as they have already been discussed and confirmed during the audit. However, the auditor should also invite the auditee to ask questions, clarify issues, acknowledge the findings, and comment on the audit process1.
I will schedule a closing meeting with the auditee's representatives at which the audit conclusions will be presented: This action is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the auditor has followed a planned and agreed audit programme and schedule. The auditor should schedule a closing meeting with the auditee's representatives at which the audit conclusions will be presented, in accordance with clause 6.6 of ISO 19011:20181. The auditor should also ensure that the closing meeting is attended by those responsible for managing or implementing the ISMS, as well as any other relevant parties1.
I will discuss any follow-up required with my audit team: This action is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the auditor has followed a risk-based approach to determining and reporting any follow-up actions required by the auditee or the certification body. The auditor should discuss any follow-up required with their audit team, such as verifying corrective actions for nonconformities or conducting a subsequent audit1. The auditor should also document any follow-up actions in the audit report1.
I will review and, as appropriate, approve my teams audit conclusions: This action is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the auditor has followed a rigorous and professional process to reaching and reporting audit conclusions. The auditor should review and, as appropriate, approve their teams audit conclusions, which are based on objective evidence and professional judgement. The auditor should also ensure that their teams audit conclusions are consistent with the audit objectives and scope, and reflect the overall performance and conformity of the ISMS1.

質問 # 129
In regard to generating an audit finding, select the words that best complete the following sentence.
To complete the sentence with the best word(s), click on the blank section you want to complete so that it Is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the option to the appropriate blank section.

正解：

解説：

Explanation
Audit evidence should be evaluated against the audit criteria in order to determine audit findings.
* Audit evidence is the information obtained by the auditors during the audit process that is used as a basis for forming an audit opinion or conclusion12. Audit evidence could include records, documents, statements, observations, interviews, or test results12.
* Audit criteria are the set of policies, procedures, standards, regulations, or requirements that are used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared12. Audit criteria could be derived from internal or external sources, such as ISO standards, industry best practices, or legal obligations12.
* Audit findings are the results of a process that evaluates audit evidence and compares it against audit criteria13. Audit findings can show that audit criteria are being met (conformity) or that they are not being met (nonconformity). They can also identify best practices or improvement opportunities13.
References :=
* ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
* Components of Audit Findings - The Institute of Internal Auditors

質問 # 130
You have to carry out a third-party virtual audit. Which two of the following issues would you need to inform the auditee about before you start conducting the audit ?

• A. You will ask to see the ID card of the person that is on the screen.
• B. You expect the auditee to have assessed all risks associated with online activities.
• C. You will take photos of every person you interview.
• D. You will ask for a 360-degree view of the room where the audit is being carried out.
• E. You will ask those being interviewed to state their name and position beforehand.
• F. You will not record any part of the audit, unless permitted.

正解：D、E

解説：
A third-party virtual audit is an external audit conducted by an independent certification body using remote technology such as video conferencing, screen sharing, and electronic document exchange. The purpose of a third-party virtual audit is to verify the conformity and effectiveness of the information security management system (ISMS) and to issue a certificate of compliance12 Before you start conducting the audit, you would need to inform the auditee about the following issues: 12
* You will ask those being interviewed to state their name and position beforehand, i.e., to confirm their identity and role in the ISMS. This is to ensure that you are interviewing the relevant personnel and that they are authorized to provide information and evidence for the audit.
* You will ask for a 360-degree view of the room where the audit is being carried out, i.e., to verify the physical and environmental security of the audit location. This is to ensure that there are no unauthorized persons or devices in the vicinity that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the information being audited.
The other issues are not relevant or appropriate for a third-party virtual audit, because:
* You will ask to see the ID card of the person that is on the screen, i.e., to verify their identity. This is not necessary if you have already asked them to state their name and position beforehand, and if you have access to the auditee's organizational chart or staff directory. Asking to see the ID card could also be seen as intrusive or disrespectful by the auditee.
* You will take photos of every person you interview, i.e., to document the audit process. This is not advisable as it could violate the privacy or consent of the auditee and the interviewees. Taking photos could also be seen as unprofessional or suspicious by the auditee. You should rely on the audit records and evidence provided by the auditee and the audit tool instead.
* You will not record any part of the audit, unless permitted, i.e., to respect the auditee's preferences and rights. This is not a valid issue to inform the auditee about, as you should always record the audit for quality assurance and verification purposes. Recording the audit is also a requirement of the ISO/IEC
27001 standard and the certification body. You should inform the auditee that you will record the audit and obtain their consent before the audit begins.
* You expect the auditee to have assessed all risks associated with online activities, i.e., to ensure the security of the audit process. This is not an issue to inform the auditee about, as it is part of the auditee's responsibility and obligation to have a risk assessment and treatment process for their ISMS. You should assess the auditee's risk management practices and controls during the audit, not before it.
References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2

質問 # 131
You receive the following mail from the IT support team: Dear User,Starting next week, we will be deleting all inactive email accounts in order to create spaceshare the below details in order to continue using your account. In case of no response, Name:
Email ID:
Password:
DOB:
Kindly contact the webmail team for any further support. Thanks for your attention.
Which of the following is the best response?

• A. One should not respond to these mails and report such email to your supervisor
• B. Ignore the email
• C. Respond it by saying that one should not share the password with anyone

正解：A

解説：
The best response to the email from the IT support team asking for personal details is to not respond to the email and report it to your supervisor. The email is likely a phishing attempt, which is a form of social engineering that uses deceptive emails or other messages to trick recipients into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, bank account details, etc. Phishing emails often impersonate legitimate organizations or individuals and create a sense of urgency or curiosity to lure the victims into clicking on malicious links, opening malicious attachments or providing personal information. The IT support team should never ask for your password or other personal details via email, as this is a violation of information security policies and best practices. Ignoring the email or responding to it by saying that one should not share the password with anyone are not sufficient responses, as they do not alert the IT support team or your supervisor about the phishing attempt, which could affect other users as well. Reporting the email to your supervisor is a responsible action that could help prevent further damage or compromise of information. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to implement awareness and training programs to make users aware of the risks of social engineering attacks, such as phishing, and how to avoid them (see clause A.7.2.2). Reference: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Phishing?

質問 # 132
Which two of the following statements are true?

• A. The purpose of an ISMS is to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements.
• B. The purpose of an ISMS is to apply a risk management process for preserving information security.
• C. The purpose of an ISMS is to demonstrate awareness of information security issues by management.
• D. The benefit of certifying an ISMS is to increase the number of customers.
• E. The benefit of certifying an ISMS is to show the accreditation certificate on the website.
• F. The benefits of implementing an ISMS primarily result from a reduction in information security risks.

正解：B、F

解説：
Explanation
The benefits of implementing an ISMS primarily result from a reduction in information security risks. E. The purpose of an ISMS is to apply a risk management process for preserving information security.
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: According to the ISO 27001 standard, the benefits of implementing an ISMS include the following1:
* Assuring customers and other stakeholders of the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information
* Enhancing the ability to respond to information security incidents and minimize their impacts
* Improving the governance and management of information security
* Reducing the costs and losses associated with information security breaches
* Increasing the competitiveness and reputation of the organization
* Complying with legal, regulatory and contractual obligations The purpose of an ISMS is to provide a systematic approach to managing information security risks, based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle1. The ISMS enables the organization to establish, implement, maintain and continually improve its information security performance, in alignment with its business objectives and the needs and expectations of interested parties1. The ISMS consists of the following elements1:
* The information security policy and objectives
* The scope and boundaries of the ISMS
* The processes and procedures for information security risk assessment and treatment
* The resources and competencies for information security
* The roles and responsibilities for information security
* The performance evaluation and improvement of the ISMS
* The internal and external communication and awareness of the ISMS References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 9-11
* ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Information Security Management Standards
* 4 Key Benefits of ISO 27001 Implementation | ISMS.online
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022
* An Introduction to the ISO 27001 ISMS | Secureframe

質問 # 133
You are performing an ISMS audit at a residential nursing home (ABC) that provides healthcare services. The next step in your audit plan is to verify the information security of ABC's healthcare mobile app development, support, and lifecycle process. During the audit, you learned the organization outsourced the mobile app development to a professional software development company with CMMI Level 5, ITSM (ISO/IEC
20000-1), BCMS (ISO 22301) and ISMS (ISO/IEC 27001) certified.
The IT Manager presented the software security management procedure and summarised the process as following:
The mobile app development shall adopt "security-by-design" and "security-by-default" principles, as a minimum. The following security functions for personal data protection shall be available:
Access control.
Personal data encryption, i.e., Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, key lengths: 256 bits; and Personal data pseudonymization.
Vulnerability checked and no security backdoor
You sample the latest Mobile App Test report, details as follows:

You ask the IT Manager why the organisation still uses the mobile app while personal data encryption and pseudonymization tests failed. Also, whether the Service Manager is authorised to approve the test.
The IT Manager explains the test results should be approved by him according to the software security management procedure.
The reason why the encryption and pseudonymisation functions failed is that these functions heavily slowed down the system and service performance. An extra 150% of resources are needed to cover this. The Service Manager agreed that access control is good enough and acceptable. That's why the Service Manager signed the approval.
You are preparing the audit findings. Select the correct option.

• A. There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation and developer perform security tests that fail.
  (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.29)
• B. There is a nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager does not comply with the software security management procedure. (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30)
• C. There is NO nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager makes a good decision to continue the service.
  (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30)
• D. There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation and developer do not perform acceptance tests.
  (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.29)

正解：B

解説：
The correct option is D. There is a nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager does not comply with the software security management procedure. (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30). The IT Manager should have approved the test results according to the software security management procedure, not the Service Manager. The Service Manager's decision to accept the failed security tests also violates the
"security-by-design" and "security-by-default" principles that the organization adopted. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant. The organization and developer did perform acceptance tests, but they failed (B, C). The Service Manager's decision to continue the service does not justify the nonconformity (A). References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, Clause 8.1 \n2: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide, Domain 5: Conducting an ISO/IEC 27001 audit

質問 # 134
Why do we need to test a disaster recovery plan regularly, and keep it up to date?

• A. Otherwise it is no longer up to date with the registration of daily occurring faults
• B. Otherwise the measures taken and the incident procedures planned may not be adequate
• C. Otherwise remotely stored backups may no longer be available to the security team

正解：B

質問 # 135
You are conducting an ISMS audit in the despatch department of an international logistics organisation that provides shipping services to large organisations including local hospitals and government offices. Parcels typically contain pharmaceutical products, biological samples, and documents such as passports and driving licences. You note that the company records show a very large number of returned items with causes including mis-addressed labels and, in 15% of company cases, two or more labels for different addresses for the one package. You are interviewing the Shipping Manager (SM).
You: Are items checked before being dispatched?
SH: Any obviously damaged items are removed by the duty staff before being dispatched, but the small profit margin makes it uneconomic to implement a formal checking process.
You: What action is taken when items are returned?
SM: Most of these contracts are relatively low value, therefore it has been decided that it is easier and more convenient to simply reprint the label and re-send individual parcels than it is to implement an investigation.
You raise a nonconformity. Referencing the scenario, which six of the following Appendix A controls would you expect the auditee to have implemented when you conduct the follow-up audit?

• A. 5.3 Segregation of duties
• B. 7.4 Physical security monitoring
• C. 5.32 Intellectual property rights
• D. 6.3 Information security awareness, education, and training
• E. 5.6 Contact with special interest groups
• F. 7.10 Storage media
• G. 5.11 Return of assets
• H. 6.4 Disciplinary process
• I. 8.12 Data leakage protection
• J. 5.13 Labelling of information
• K. 8.3 Information access restriction

正解：B、D、F、I、J、K

解説：
B) 8.12 Data leakage protection. This is true because the auditee should have implemented measures to prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, such as personal data, medical records, or official documents, that are contained in the parcels. Data leakage protection could include encryption, authentication, access control, logging, and monitoring of data transfers12.
D) 6.3 Information security awareness, education, and training. This is true because the auditee should have ensured that all employees and contractors involved in the shipping process are aware of the information security policies and procedures, and have received appropriate training on how to handle and protect the information assets in their custody. Information security awareness, education, and training could include induction programmes, periodic refreshers, awareness campaigns, e-learning modules, and feedback mechanisms13.
E) 7.10 Storage media. This is true because the auditee should have implemented controls to protect the storage media that contain information assets from unauthorized access, misuse, theft, loss, or damage. Storage media could include paper documents, optical disks, magnetic tapes, flash drives, or hard disks14. Storage media controls could include physical locks, encryption, backup, disposal, or destruction14.
F) 8.3 Information access restriction. This is true because the auditee should have implemented controls to restrict access to information assets based on the principle of least privilege and the need-to-know basis. Information access restriction could include identification, authentication, authorization, accountability, and auditability of users and systems that access information assets15.
I) 7.4 Physical security monitoring. This is true because the auditee should have implemented controls to monitor the physical security of the premises where information assets are stored or processed. Physical security monitoring could include CCTV cameras, alarms, sensors, guards, or patrols16. Physical security monitoring could help detect and deter unauthorized physical access or intrusion attempts16.
J) 5.13 Labelling of information. This is true because the auditee should have implemented controls to label information assets according to their classification level and handling instructions. Labelling of information could include markings, tags, stamps, stickers, or barcodes1 . Labelling of information could help identify and protect information assets from unauthorized disclosure or misuse1 .
Reference:
ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Code of practice for information security controls ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements ISO/IEC 27003:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Guidance ISO/IEC 27004:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Monitoring measurement analysis and evaluation ISO/IEC 27005:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security risk management ISO/IEC 27006:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems
[ISO/IEC 27007:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for information security management systems auditing]

質問 # 136
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader. During the conducting of a third-party surveillance audit, you decide to test your auditee's knowledge of ISO/IEC 27001's risk management requirements.
You ask her a series of questions to which the answer is either 'that is true' or 'that is false'. Which four of the following should she answer 'that is true'?

• A. The results of risk assessments must be maintained
• B. The initial phase in an organisation's risk management process should be information security risk assessment
• C. ISO/IEC 27001 provides an outline approach for the management of risk
• D. The organisation must produce a risk treatment plan for every business risk identified
• E. Risk assessments should be undertaken following significant changes
• F. Risks assessments should be undertaken at monthly intervals
• G. The organisation must operate a risk treatment process to eliminate it's information security risks
• H. Risk identification is used to determine the severity of an information security risk

正解：A、C、D、E

解説：
Explanation
The following four statements are true according to ISO/IEC 27001's risk management requirements: 12
* The results of risk assessments must be maintained. This is true because clause 8.2.3 of ISO/IEC
27001:2022 requires the organisation to retain documented information of the information security risk assessment process and the results12
* ISO/IEC 27001 provides an outline approach for the management of risk. This is true because clause
6.1.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 specifies the general steps for the information security risk management process, which include establishing the risk criteria, assessing the risks, treating the risks, and monitoring and reviewing the risks12
* The organisation must produce a risk treatment plan for every business risk identified. This is true because clause 6.1.3 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organisation to produce a risk treatment plan that defines the actions to be taken to address the unacceptable risks, the responsibilities, the expected dates, and the resources required12
* Risk assessments should be undertaken following significant changes. This is true because clause 8.2.4 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organisation to review and update the risk assessment at planned intervals or when significant changes occur12 The following four statements are false according to ISO/IEC 27001's risk management requirements:
* Risk identification is used to determine the severity of an information security risk. This is false because risk identification is used to identify the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, and existing controls that are relevant to the information security risk management process. The severity of an information security risk is determined by the risk analysis, which evaluates the likelihood and impact of the risk scenarios12
* The organisation must operate a risk treatment process to eliminate its information security risks. This is false because the organisation can choose from four options to treat its information security risks: avoid, transfer, mitigate, or accept. The organisation does not have to eliminate all its information security risks, but only those that are unacceptable according to its risk criteria12
* The initial phase in an organisation's risk management process should be information security risk assessment. This is false because the initial phase in an organisation's risk management process should be establishing the risk management framework, which includes defining the risk management policy, objectives, scope, roles, responsibilities, and criteria. The information security risk assessment is the second phase in the risk management process12
* Risks assessments should be undertaken at monthly intervals. This is false because there is no fixed frequency for conducting risk assessments in ISO/IEC 27001. The organisation should determine the appropriate intervals for reviewing and updating the risk assessment based on its risk appetite, risk profile, and operational context12 References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2

質問 # 137
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