[2025年02月25日] 365日更新、有効なISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor知能問題集
ベスト品質のISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor試験問題集でPECBテスト高得点を目指そう
質問 # 173
What is the purpose of an Information Security policy?
- A. An information security policy documents the analysis of risks and the search for countermeasures
- B. An information security policy provides insight into threats and the possible consequences
- C. An information security policy makes the security plan concrete by providing the necessary details
- D. An information security policy provides direction and support to the management regarding information security
正解：D
解説：
The purpose of an information security policy is to provide direction and support to the management regarding information security. An information security policy is a statement of intent or direction that provides guidance for decision making and actions within an organization. It defines the scope, objectives, principles, and roles for information security management. It also establishes the general approach to information security and the expectations for compliance. An information security policy is the foundation of an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which requires the organization to establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve an ISMS1. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Reference: ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.47; ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 5.2.
質問 # 174
You are performing an ISMS audit at a residential nursing home (ABC) that provides healthcare services. The next step in your audit plan is to verify the information security of ABC's healthcare mobile app development, support, and lifecycle process. During the audit, you learned the organization outsourced the mobile app development to a professional software development company with CMMI Level 5, ITSM (ISO/IEC 20000-1), BCMS (ISO
22301) and
ISMS (ISO/IEC 27001) certified.
The IT Manager presented the software security management procedure and summarised the process as following:
The mobile app development shall adopt "security-by-design" and "security-by-default" principles, as a minimum.
The following security functions for personal data protection shall be available:
Access control.
Personal data encryption, i.e., Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, key lengths: 256 bits; and Personal data pseudonymization.
Vulnerability checked and no security backdoor
You sample the latest Mobile App Test report, details as follows:
The IT Manager explains the test results should be approved by him according to the software security management procedure. The reason why the encryption and pseudonymisation functions failed is that these functions heavily slowed down the system and service performance. An extra 150% of resources are needed to cover this. The Service Manager agreed that access control is good enough and acceptable. That's why the Service Manager signed the approval.
You are preparing the audit findings. Select the correct option.
- A. There is NO nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager makes a good decision to continue the service.
(Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30) - B. There is a nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager does not comply with the software security management procedure. (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30)
- C. There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation and developer perform security tests that fail.
(Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.29) - D. There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation and developer do not perform acceptance tests.
(Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.29)
正解：B
質問 # 175
Which two of the following statements are true?
- A. The audit programme describes the activities and arrangements for an audit.
- B. The audit plan describes the activities and arrangements for an audit.
- C. The audit programme describes the arrangements for a set of one or more audits planned for a specific time frame and directed towards a specific purpose.
- D. Once agreed, the audit plan is fixed and cannot be changed during the conducting of the audi.
- E. Responsibility for managing the audit programme rests with the audit team leader.
- F. The audit plan describes the arrangements for a set of one or more audits planned for a specific time frame and directed towards a specific purpose.
正解：B、F
解説：
The two true statements are B and E. According to ISO 19011:2022, the audit plan describes the arrangements for a set of one or more audits planned for a specific time frame and directed towards a specific purpose1, while the audit programme describes the activities and arrangements for an audit2. The other options are either false or irrelevant. The responsibility for managing the audit programme rests with the audit programme manager, not the audit team leader (A)3. The audit plan can be changed during the conducting of the audit if necessary, with the agreement of the audit client and the auditee4. The audit programme and the audit plan are not the same thing, so D and F are incorrect. References: 1: ISO 19011:2022, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 3.8 \n2: ISO 19011:2022, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 3.9 \n3: ISO 19011:2022, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 5.3.1 \n4: ISO 19011:2022, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 6.4.2
質問 # 176
Select the words that best complete the sentence below to describe audit resources:
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
According to ISO 19011:2018, clause 5.3, the person responsible for managing the audit programme should determine the resources necessary for the audit programme, such as the audit team members, the budget, the time, the tools, etc. The audit resources should be sufficient and appropriate to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the audit programme and the audit results. The audit resources include the following elements12:
Essential resources: These are the resources that are required to conduct the audit programme and the individual audits, such as the audit documents, the audit methods, the audit tools, the audit schedule, the audit budget, etc. The essential resources should be identified and allocated based on the audit objectives, scope, and criteria, and the availability and cooperation of the auditee. The essential resources should also be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect any changes or deviations in the audit programme or the individual audits.
Competent personnel: These are the audit team members who have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and experience to conduct the audit effectively and efficiently, and to provide credible and reliable audit results and recommendations. The competent personnel should include the audit team leader, the auditors, and any technical experts or observers who support the audit team. The competent personnel should be selected and appointed based on the audit objectives, scope, and criteria, and the specific competence requirements for the audit programme and the individual audits. The competent personnel should also be independent and impartial, and avoid any conflicts of interest or self-interest that may affect the audit results or the audit decisions.
References:
ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 5.3 PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 19
質問 # 177
Which two of the following phrases would apply to 'check' in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle for a business process?
- A. Resetting objectives
- B. Updating the Information Security Policy
- C. Making improvements
- D. Verifying training
- E. Managing changes
- F. Auditing processes
正解：D、F
解説：
Explanation
The two phrases that would apply to 'check' in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle for a business process are:
C: Verifying training
F: Auditing processes
C: This phrase applies to 'check' in the PDCA cycle because it involves measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the training activities that were implemented in the 'do' phase. Training is an important aspect of information security awareness, education, and competence, which are required by clause 7.2 of ISO 27001:20221. Verifying training can help the organisation to assess whether the staff have acquired the necessary knowledge, skills, and behaviour to perform their roles and responsibilities in relation to information security. Verifying training can also help the organisation to identify any gaps or weaknesses in the training program and to plan for improvement actions.
F: This phrase applies to 'check' in the PDCA cycle because it involves examining and reviewing the performance and conformity of the processes that were implemented in the 'do' phase. Auditing is a systematic, independent, and documented process for obtaining objective evidence and evaluating it to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled2. Auditing processes can help the organisation to verify whether the information security objectives and requirements are met, whether the information security controls are effective and efficient, and whether the information security risks are adequately managed. Auditing processes can also help the organisation to identify any nonconformities or opportunities for improvement and to plan for corrective or preventive actions.
References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 7.2 2: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 3.2
質問 # 178
You are an ISMS audit team leader who has been assigned by your certification body to carry out a follow-up audit of a client. You are preparing your audit plan for this audit.
Which two of the following statements are true?
- A. Corrective actions should be reviewed first, followed by corrections and finally opportunities for improvement
- B. Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken taken has been undertaken efficiently
- C. Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken has been undertaken effectively
- D. Corrections should be verified first, followed by corrective actions and finally opportunities for improvement
- E. Opportunities for improvement should be verified first, followed by corrections and finally corrective actions
- F. Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken is complete
正解：C、F
解説：
Explanation
According to ISO 27001:2022 clause 9.1.2, the organisation shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the information security management system conforms to the organisation's own requirements, the requirements of ISO 27001:2022, and is effectively implemented and maintained12 According to ISO 27001:2022 clause 10.1, the organisation shall react to the nonconformities and take action, as applicable, to control and correct them and deal with the consequences. The organisation shall also evaluate the need for action to eliminate the causes of nonconformities, in order to prevent recurrence or occurrence.
The organisation shall implement any action needed, review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken, and make changes to the information security management system, if necessary12 A follow-up audit is a type of internal audit that is conducted after a previous audit to verify whether the nonconformities and corrective actions have been addressed and resolved, and whether the information security management system has been improved12 Therefore, the following statements are true for preparing a follow-up audit plan:
* Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken is complete. This means that the auditor should check whether the organisation has implemented all the planned actions to correct and prevent the nonconformities, and whether the actions have been documented and communicated as required12
* Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken has been undertaken effectively. This means that the auditor should check whether the organisation has achieved the intended results and objectives of the actions, and whether the actions have eliminated or reduced the nonconformities and their causes and consequences12 The following statements are false for preparing a follow-up audit plan:
* Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken has been undertaken efficiently. This is false because efficiency is not a criterion for verifying the actions taken to address the nonconformities and corrective actions. Efficiency refers to the optimal use of resources to achieve the desired outcomes,
* but it is not a requirement of ISO 27001:2022. The auditor should focus on the effectiveness and completeness of the actions, not on the efficiency12
* Corrections should be verified first, followed by corrective actions and finally opportunities for improvement. This is false because there is no prescribed order for verifying the corrections, corrective actions, and opportunities for improvement. The auditor should verify all the actions taken by the organisation, regardless of their sequence or priority. The auditor may choose to verify the actions based on their relevance, significance, or impact, but this is not a mandatory requirement12
* Opportunities for improvement should be verified first, followed by corrections and finally corrective actions. This is false because there is no prescribed order for verifying the opportunities for improvement, corrections, and corrective actions. The auditor should verify all the actions taken by the organisation, regardless of their sequence or priority. The auditor may choose to verify the actions based on their relevance, significance, or impact, but this is not a mandatory requirement12
* Corrective actions should be reviewed first, followed by corrections and finally opportunities for improvement. This is false because there is no prescribed order for reviewing the corrective actions, corrections, and opportunities for improvement. The auditor should review all the actions taken by the organisation, regardless of their sequence or priority. The auditor may choose to review the actions based on their relevance, significance, or impact, but this is not a mandatory requirement12 References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
質問 # 179
Scenario 3: NightCore is a multinational technology company based in the United States that focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. After having an information security management system (ISMS) implemented for over 8 months, they contracted a certification body to conduct a third party audit in order to get certified against ISO/IEC 27001.
The certification body set up a team of seven auditors. Jack, the most experienced auditor, was assigned as the audit team leader. Over the years, he received many well known certifications, such as the ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, CISA, CISSP, and CISM.
Jack conducted thorough analyses on each phase of the ISMS audit, by studying and evaluating every information security requirement and control that was implemented by NightCore. During stage 2 audit. Jack detected several nonconformities. After comparing the number of purchased invoices for software licenses with the software inventory, Jack found out that the company has been using the illegal versions of a software for many computers. He decided to ask for an explanation from the top management about this nonconformity and see whether they were aware about this. His next step was to audit NightCore's IT Department. The top management assigned Tom, NightCore's system administrator, to act as a guide and accompany Jack and the audit team toward the inner workings of their system and their digital assets infrastructure.
While interviewing a member of the Department of Finance, the auditors discovered that the company had recently made some unusual large transactions to one of their consultants. After gathering all the necessary details regarding the transactions. Jack decided to directly interview the top management.
When discussing about the first nonconformity, the top management told Jack that they willingly decided to use a copied software over the original one since it was cheaper. Jack explained to the top management of NightCore that using illegal versions of software is against the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001 and the national laws and regulations. However, they seemed to be fine with it.
Several months after the audit, Jack sold some of NightCore's information that he collected during the audit for a huge amount of money to competitors of NightCore.
Based on this scenario, answer the following question:
Based on scenario 3. which ISO/IEC 27001 control has NightCore ignored when they used an illegal version of software?
- A. Annex A 5.1 Policies for information security
- B. Annex A 5.10 Acceptable use of information and other associated assets
- C. Annex A 5.32 Intellectual property rights
正解：C
解説：
By using illegal versions of software, NightCore ignored the control about intellectual property rights under Annex A.8.1.1 of ISO/IEC 27001, which requires the protection of organizational records to include intellectual property and personal information held in the form of data or software.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Standard, Annex A.8.1.1 (Responsibility for assets)
質問 # 180
You are an experienced audit team leader guiding an auditor in training.
Your team is currently conducting a third-party surveillance audit of an organisation that stores data on behalf of external clients. The auditor in training has been tasked with reviewing the PHYSICAL controls listed in the Statement of Applicability (SoA) and implemented at the site.
Select four controls from the following that would you expect the auditor in training to review.
- A. The organisation's business continuity arrangements
- B. The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems
- C. Access to and from the loading bay
- D. Information security awareness, education, and training
- E. The conducting of verification checks on personnel
- F. How power and data cables enter the building
- G. The organisation's arrangements for maintaining equipment
- H. The development and maintenance of an information asset inventory
正解：B、C、F、G
解説：
The four controls from the list that are related to PHYSICAL aspects of the ISMS are:
*Access to and from the loading bay
*How power and data cables enter the building
*The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems
*The organisation's arrangements for maintaining equipment
These controls are derived from the ISO 27001 Annex A, which provides a comprehensive list of information security controls that can be applied to an ISMS1. The other controls in the list are more related to ORGANIZATIONAL, LEGAL, or HUMAN aspects of the ISMS, which are also important, but not the focus of this question.
According to the ISMS Auditing Guideline2, the auditor in training should review the PHYSICAL controls by:
*Checking the SoA to identify the applicable controls and their implementation status
*Interviewing the relevant staff and management to verify their understanding and involvement in the controls
*Observing the physical and environmental conditions to confirm the existence and effectiveness of the controls
*Examining the relevant documents and records to validate the compliance and performance of the controls I hope this helps you prepare for the exam.
References: 1: What Are ISO 27001 Controls? A Guide to Annex A | Secureframe; 2: ISMS Auditing Guideline - ISO27000
質問 # 181
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader providing instruction to an auditor in training. They are unclear in their understanding of risk processes and ask you to provide them with an example of each of the processes detailed below.
Match each of the descriptions provided to one of the following risk management processes.
To complete the table click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop each option to the appropriate blank section.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
* Risk analysis is the process by which the nature of the risk is determined along with its probability and impact. Risk analysis involves estimating the likelihood and consequences of potential events or situations that could affect the organization's information security objectives or requirements12. Risk analysis could use qualitative or quantitative methods, or a combination of both12.
* Risk management is the process by which a risk is controlled at all stages of its life cycle by means of the application of organisational policies, procedures and practices. Risk management involves establishing the context, identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring, and reviewing the risks that could affect the organization's information security performance or compliance12. Risk management aims to ensure that risks are identified and treated in a timely and effective manner, and that opportunities for improvement are exploited12.
* Risk identification is the process by which a risk is recognised and described. Risk identification involves identifying and documenting the sources, causes, events, scenarios, and potential impacts of risks that could affect the organization's information security objectives or requirements12. Risk identification could use various techniques, such as brainstorming, interviews, checklists, surveys, or historical data12.
* Risk evaluation is the process by which the impact and/or probability of a risk is compared against risk criteria to determine if it is tolerable. Risk evaluation involves comparing the results of risk analysis with predefined criteria that reflect the organization's risk appetite, tolerance, or acceptance12. Risk evaluation could use various methods, such as ranking, scoring, or matrix12. Risk evaluation helps to prioritize and decide on the appropriate risk treatment options12.
* Risk mitigation is the process by which the impact and/or probability of a risk is reduced by means of the application of controls. Risk mitigation involves selecting and implementing measures that are designed to prevent, reduce, transfer, or accept risks that could affect the organization's information security objectives or requirements12. Risk mitigation could include various types of controls, such as technical, organizational, legal, or physical12. Risk mitigation should be based on a cost-benefit analysis and a residual risk assessment12.
* Risk transfer is the process by which a risk is passed to a third party, for example through obtaining appropriate insurance. Risk transfer involves sharing or shifting some or all of the responsibility or liability for a risk to another party that has more capacity or capability to manage it12. Risk transfer could include various methods, such as contracts, agreements, partnerships, outsourcing, or insurance12. Risk transfer should not be used as a substitute for effective risk management within the organization12.
References :=
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
* ISO/IEC 27005:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security risk management
質問 # 182
Select the option which best describes how Information Security Management System audits should be conducted:
- A. Audit methods should be used to assess audit evidence in order to generate audit recommendations. Then, the audit recommendations should be created and presented to the auditee at the closing meeting.
- B. Audit criteria should be used to assess objective evidence in order to generate audit outcomes. Then, the audit report should be created and presented to the audit team leader at the closing meeting.
- C. Audit methods should be used to assess objective evidence in order to generate audit findings. Then, the audit conclusion should be created and presented to the auditee at the closing meeting.
- D. Audit objectives should be used to assess audit evidence in order to generate audit conclusions. Then, the audit findings should be created and presented to the audit client at the closing meeting.
- E. Audit criteria should be used to assess circumstantial evidence in order to generate audit outcomes.
Then, the audit report should be created and presented to the audit team at the audit team meeting. - F. Audit objectives should be used to assess objective evidence in order to generate audit conclusions. Then, the audit recommendations should be created and presented to top management at management review.
正解：C
解説：
The option that best describes how Information Security Management System (ISMS) audits should be conducted, aligning with best practices and standards like ISO/IEC 27001:2022, is:
D). Audit methods should be used to assess objective evidence in order to generate audit findings. Then, the audit conclusion should be created and presented to the auditee at the closing meeting.
This option accurately reflects the audit process, emphasizing the use of systematic audit methods to assess objective evidence, which is crucial for impartiality and accuracy in auditing. Audit findings are the results derived from evaluating the objective evidence against the audit criteria. The conclusion, based on the audit findings, provides a comprehensive summary of the audit's outcomes, indicating whether the audited ISMS meets the established criteria. Presenting these conclusions to the auditee during the closing meeting ensures transparency and provides an opportunity for immediate clarification and discussion of the results and potential next steps.
質問 # 183
Which measure is a preventive measure?
- A. Installing a logging system that enables changes in a system to be recognized
- B. Putting sensitive information in a safe
- C. Shutting down all internet traffic after a hacker has gained access to the company systems
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A preventive measure is a measure that aims to avoid or reduce the likelihood or impact of an unwanted incident. Putting sensitive information in a safe is an example of such a measure, as it protects the information from unauthorized access, theft, damage or loss. Installing a logging system, shutting down internet traffic or restoring data from backups are not preventive measures, but rather detective, corrective or recovery measures.
They do not prevent incidents from happening, but rather help to identify, stop or recover from them. ISO/IEC
27001:2022 defines preventive action as "action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity or other undesirable potential situation" (see clause 3.38). References: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Preventive Measure?
質問 # 184
You are an experienced audit team leader guiding an auditor in training.
Your team is currently conducting a third-party surveillance audit of an organisation that stores data on behalf of external clients. The auditor in training has been tasked with reviewing the TECHNOLOGICAL controls listed in the Statement of Applicability (SoA) and implemented at the site.
Select four controls from the following that would you expect the auditor in training to review.
You are an experienced audit team leader guiding an auditor in training, Your team is currently conducting a third-party surveillance audit of an organisation that stores data on behalf of external clients. The auditor in training has been tasked with reviewing the TECHNOLOGICAL controls listed in the Statement of Applicability (SoA) and implemented at the site.
Select four controls from the following that would you expect the auditor in training to review.
- A. How power and data cables enter the building
- B. Remote working arrangements
- C. The organisation's business continuity arrangements
- D. Confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements
- E. The organisation's arrangements for information deletion
- F. The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems
- G. How protection against malware is implemented
- H. How the organisation evaluates its exposure to technical vulnerabilities
- I. Access to and from the loading bay
- J. The conducting of verification checks on personnel
- K. The organisation's arrangements for maintaining equipment
- L. How access to source code and development tools are managed
- M. Rules for transferring information within the organisation and to other organisations
- N. How information security has been addressed within supplier agreements
- O. The development and maintenance of an information asset inventory
- P. Information security awareness, education and training
正解：F、G、H、L
解説：
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), an organization should select and implement appropriate controls to achieve its information security objectives1. The controls should be derived from the results of risk assessment and risk treatment, and should be consistent with the Statement of Applicability (SoA), which is a document that identifies the controls that are applicable and necessary for the ISMS1. The controls can be selected from various sources, such as ISO/IEC 27002:2013, which provides a code of practice for information security controls2. Therefore, if an auditor in training has been tasked with reviewing the technological controls listed in the SoA and implemented at the site of an organization that stores data on behalf of external clients, four controls that would be expected to review are:
* How protection against malware is implemented: This is a technological control that aims to prevent, detect and remove malicious software (such as viruses, worms, ransomware, etc.) that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of information or information systems2. This control is related to control A.12.2.1 of ISO/IEC 27002:20132.
* How the organisation evaluates its exposure to technical vulnerabilities: This is a technological control that aims to identify and assess the potential weaknesses or flaws in information systems or networks that could be exploited by malicious actors or cause accidental failures2. This control is related to control A.12.6.1 of ISO/IEC 27002:20132.
* How access to source code and development tools are managed: This is a technological control that aims to protect the intellectual property rights and integrity of software applications or systems that are developed or maintained by the organization or its external providers2. This control is related to control A.14.2.5 of ISO/IEC 27002:20132.
* The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems: This is a technological control that aims to monitor and restrict physical access to the premises or facilities where information or information systems are stored or processed2. This control is related to control A.11.1.4 of ISO/IEC 27002:20132.
The other options are not examples of technological controls, but rather organizational, legal or procedural controls that may also be relevant for an ISMS audit, but are not within the scope of the auditor in training's task. For example, the development and maintenance of an information asset inventory (related to control A.8.1.1), rules for transferring information within the organization and to other organizations (related to control A.13.2.1), confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements (related to control A.13.2.4), verification checks on personnel (related to control A.7.1.2), remote working arrangements (related to control A.6.2.1), information security within supplier agreements (related to control A.15.1.1), business continuity arrangements (related to control A.17), information deletion (related to control A.8.3), information security awareness, education and training (related to control A.7.2), equipment maintenance (related to controlA.11.2), and how power and data cables enter the building (related to control A.11) are not technological controls, but rather organizational, legal or procedural controls that may also be relevant for an ISMS audit, but are not within the scope of the auditor in training's task. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO/IEC
27002:2013 - Information technology - Security techniques - Code of practice for information security controls
質問 # 185
During a third-party certification audit you are presented with a list of issues by an auditee. Which four of the following constitute 'external' issues in the context of a management system to ISO/IEC 27001:2022?
- A. A fall in productivity linked to outdated production equipment
- B. Inability to source raw materials due to government sanctions
- C. Increased absenteeism as a result of poor management
- D. A reduction in grants as a result of a change in government policy
- E. Poor morale as a result of staff holidays being reduced
- F. A rise in interest rates in response to high inflation
- G. Poor levels of staff competence as a result of cuts in training expenditure
- H. Higher labour costs as a result of an aging population
正解：B、D、F、H
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 4.1 requires an organization to determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcomes of its ISMS2. External issues are those that originate from outside the organization, such as legal, regulatory, cultural, social, political, economic, natural and competitive factors2. Internal issues are those that originate from within the organization, such as governance, structure, roles and responsibilities, policies, objectives, culture, capabilities, resources and information systems2. Therefore, based on this definition, four examples of external issues in the context of a management system to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 are a rise in interest rates in response to high inflation (which affects the economic environment of the organization), a reduction in grants as a result of a change in government policy (which affects the political and legal environment of the organization), higher labour costs as a result of an aging population (which affects the social and demographic environment of the organization), and inability to source raw materials due to government sanctions (which affects the trade and supply environment of the organization)2. The other options are examples of internal issues, as they originate from within the organization or its activities. For example, poor levels of staff competence as a result of cuts in training expenditure (which affects the capabilities and resources of the organization), increased absenteeism as a result of poor management (which affects the culture and performance of the organization), poor morale as a result of staff holidays being reduced (which affects the motivation and satisfaction of the organization's personnel), and a fall in productivity linked to outdated production equipment (which affects the efficiency and quality of the organization's processes)2. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
質問 # 186
You are preparing the audit findings. Select two options that are correct.
- A. There is a nonconformity (NC). Based on sampling interview results, none of the interviewees were able to describe the incident management procedure reporting process including the role and responsibilities of personnel. This is not conforming with clause 9.1 and control A.5.24.
- B. There is a nonconformity (NC). The information security incident training has failed. This is not conforming with clause 7.2 and control A.6.3.
- C. There is no nonconformance. The information security handling training has performed, and its effectiveness was evaluated. This conforms with clause 7.2 and control A.6.3.
- D. There is an opportunity for improvement (OFI). The information security weaknesses, events, and madents are reported. This is relevant to clause 9.1 and control A.5.24.
- E. There is no nonconformance. The information security weaknesses, events, and incidents are reported. This conforms with clause 9.1 and control A.5.24.
- F. There is an opportunity for improvement (OFI). The iLiirmation security incident training effectiveness can be improved. This is relevant to clause 7.2 and control A.6.3.
正解：A、F
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 7.2 requires an organization to determine the necessary competence of persons doing work under its control that affects its ISMS performance, and to provide training or take other actions to acquire or maintain the necessary competence1. Control A.6.3 requires an organization to ensure that all employees and contractors are aware of information security threats and concerns, their responsibilities and liabilities, and are equipped to support organizational policies and procedures in this respect2. Therefore, if an ISMS auditor finds that the information security incident training effectiveness can be improved, this indicates an opportunity for improvement (OFI) that is relevant to clause 7.2 and control A.6.3.
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 9.1 requires an organization to monitor, measure, analyze and evaluate its ISMS performance and effectiveness1. Control A.5.24 requires an organization to define and apply procedures for reporting information security events and weaknesses2. Therefore, if an ISMS auditor finds that based on sampling interview results, none of the interviewees were able to describe the incident management procedure reporting process including the role and responsibilities of personnel, this indicates a nonconformity (NC) that is not conforming with clause 9.1 and control A.5.24.
The other options are not correct options for preparing the audit findings based on the given information. For example, there is no nonconformance if the information security weaknesses, events, and incidents are reported, as this conforms with clause 9.1 and control A.5.24; there is no nonconformance if the information security handling training has performed, and its effectiveness was evaluated, as this conforms with clause 7.2 and control A.6.3; there is no nonconformity if the information security incident training has failed, as this may not necessarily indicate a lack of conformity with clause 7.2 or control A.6.3; there is no opportunity for improvement if the information security weaknesses, events, and incidents are reported, as this is already conforming with clause 9.1 and control A.5.24. Reference: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO/IEC 27002:2013 - Information technology - Security techniques - Code of practice for information security controls
質問 # 187
In order to take out a fire insurance policy, an administration office must determine the value of the data that it manages.
Which factor is [b]not[/b] important for determining the value of data for an organization?
- A. The indispensability of data for the business processes.
- B. The content of data.
- C. The degree to which missing, incomplete or incorrect data can be recovered.
- D. The importance of the business processes that make use of the data.
正解：B
質問 # 188
Scenario 1: Fintive is a distinguished security provider for online payments and protection solutions. Founded in 1999 by Thomas Fin in San Jose, California, Fintive offers services to companies that operate online and want to improve their information security, prevent fraud, and protect user information such as PII. Fintive centers its decision-making and operating process based on previous cases. They gather customer data, classify them depending on the case, and analyze them. The company needed a large number of employees to be able to conduct such complex analyses. After some years, however, the technology that assists in conducting such analyses advanced as well. Now, Fintive is planning on using a modern tool, a chatbot, to achieve pattern analyses toward preventing fraud in real-time. This tool would also be used to assist in improving customer service.
This initial idea was communicated to the software development team, who supported it and were assigned to work on this project. They began integrating the chatbot on their existing system. In addition, the team set an objective regarding the chatbot which was to answer 85% of all chat queries.
After the successful integration of the chatbot, the company immediately released it to their customers for use.
The chatbot, however, appeared to have some issues.
Due to insufficient testing and lack of samples provided to the chatbot during the training phase, in which it was supposed "to learn" the queries pattern, the chatbot failed to address user queries and provide the right answers. Furthermore, the chatbot sent random files to users when it received invalid inputs such as odd patterns of dots and special characters. Therefore, the chatbot was unable to properly answer customer queries and the traditional customer support was overwhelmed with chat queries and thus was unable to help customers with their requests.
Consequently, Fintive established a software development policy. This policy specified that whether the software is developed in-house or outsourced, it will undergo a black box testing prior to its implementation on operational systems.
According to scenario 1, the chatbot sent random files to users when it received invalid inputs. What impact might that lead to?
- A. Loss of reputation
- B. Inability to provide service
- C. Leak of confidential information
正解：A
質問 # 189
Select the correct sequence for the information security risk assessment process in an ISMS.
To complete the sequence click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the options to the appropriate blank
正解：
解説：
Explanation
A group of black text Description automatically generated
According to ISO 27001:2022, the standard for information security management systems (ISMS), the correct sequence for the information security risk assessment process is as follows:
* Establish information security criteria
* Identify the information security risks
* Analyse the information security risks
* Evaluate the information security risks
The first step is to establish the information security criteria, which include the risk assessment methodology, the risk acceptance criteria, and the risk evaluation criteria. These criteria define how the organization will perform the risk assessment, what level of risk is acceptable, and how the risks will be compared and prioritized.
The second step is to identify the information security risks, which involve identifying the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, and existing controls that are relevant to the ISMS. The organization should also identify the potential consequences and likelihood of each risk scenario.
The third step is to analyse the information security risks, which involve estimating the level of risk for each risk scenario based on the criteria established in the first step. The organization should also consider the sources of uncertainty and the confidence level of the risk estimation.
The fourth step is to evaluate the information security risks, which involve comparing the estimated risk levels with the risk acceptance criteria and determining whether the risks are acceptable or need treatment. The organization should also prioritize the risks based on the risk evaluation criteria and the objectives of the ISMS.
References: ISO 27001:2022 Clause 6.1.2 Information security risk assessment, ISO 27001 Risk Assessment
& Risk Treatment: The Complete Guide - Advisera, ISO 27001 Risk Assessment: 7 Step Guide - IT Governance UK Blog
質問 # 190
Select two of the following options that are the responsibility of a legal technical expert on the audit team during a certification audit.
- A. Debating complex legal points with the auditee
- B. Meeting the organisation's legal representative
- C. Verifying the legal status of the organisation
- D. Evaluating the auditee's legal knowledge
- E. Criticising the organisation's legal compliance issues
- F. Advising on legal checkpoints for the audit team
正解：C、F
解説：
A legal technical expert (LTE) is a person who provides specific knowledge or expertise related to the legal aspects of the information security management system (ISMS) during a certification audit. The LTE is not an auditor, but a member of the audit team who supports the auditors in collecting and evaluating the audit evidence. The LTE is not responsible for evaluating the auditee's legal knowledge, criticising the organisation' s legal compliance issues, or debating complex legal points with the auditee, as these tasks may be beyond the scope of the audit, or may compromise the objectivity and impartiality of the audit. The LTE is responsible for advising on legal checkpoints for the audit team, such as the applicable legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements, the relevant sources of information, the methods of verification, and the criteria of evaluation.
The LTE is also responsible for verifying the legal status of the organisation, such as the registration, licensing, authorisation, or accreditation of the organisation, and the compliance with the relevant laws and regulations. References:
* What is the role of a technical expert in ISO audit?
* Roles, Responsibilities & Authorities for ISO 27001 5.3
* Guide to Become an ISO 27001 Lead Auditor
質問 # 191
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