Massachusetts Real Estate Massachusetts-Real-Estate-Salesperson最新問題集で2026年05月01日
2026年最新の問題をマスター！Massachusetts Real Estate合格目指そう！Massachusetts-Real-Estate-Salespersonリアル試験問題集！
質問 # 20
Inactive salespersons are permitted to perform which of the following activities?
- A. Refer potential listings to an active broker in exchange for a fee from the active broker.
- B. List homes by telephone.
- C. Refer potential buyers to an active salesperson in exchange for a fee from the salesperson.
- D. Affiliate with inactive brokers.
正解：A
解説：
An inactive salesperson in Massachusetts holds a license that is not active for brokerage activities (buying, selling, leasing). They may not list homes, show property, or handle transactions.
However, under M.G.L. c. 112, an inactive licensee may receive a referral fee from an active broker for referring potential business. This is because the inactive license keeps the person legally affiliated with the licensing system, even though they cannot directly engage in brokerage.
They may not be paid directly by other salespersons, nor may they affiliate with inactive brokers. Referrals and fee-sharing must always flow through an active broker.
Reference: M.G.L. c. 112, 87RR, 87SS; 254 CMR 2.00.
質問 # 21
What kind of lease would require the lessee to pay the taxes, insurance, repairs, and other operating expenses of the premises in addition to the regular rental payment?
- A. gross lease
- B. percentage lease
- C. graduated lease
- D. net lease
正解：D
解説：
In a net lease, the tenant (lessee) is responsible not only for the base rent but also for additional property expenses such as real estate taxes, insurance, maintenance, and sometimes repairs. This is common in commercial leasing, particularly for office buildings and retail space.
A gross lease (B) means the landlord pays all expenses, while the tenant pays only rent. A percentage lease (A) bases rent partly on tenant sales (common in retail malls). A graduated lease (C) allows rent increases at set intervals.
Because the question describes a tenant paying rent plus taxes, insurance, and operating expenses, this is a net lease.
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Leasing & Property Management; Commercial Leasing Practices.
質問 # 22
A buyer and seller agreed upon a selling price for a property and both signed a written agreement. As part of the contract, the buyer reserved the right to cancel the sale if the buyer's house, which was on the market, did not sell within 30 days. This contract is
- A. an executory contract.
- B. an executed contract.
- C. an implied contract.
- D. a unilateral contract.
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (150-250 words):
An executory contract is one in which one or more terms remain to be performed. In this case, although the purchase agreement is signed, the buyer's performance is contingent upon selling their home within 30 days.
Until that contingency is satisfied, the contract remains executory.
A (executed contract): would mean all terms have been performed.
B (unilateral contract): involves only one party making a promise, e.g., an option. This is bilateral.
D (implied contract): arises by conduct, not by a written agreement.
Thus, the correct answer is C: executory contract.
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Contracts; Executory vs. Executed Contracts.
質問 # 23
A real estate licensee is a partial owner of a local inspection company. It is permissible for the licensee to tell all clients to use this company when
- A. it is in the best interest of the client.
- B. the client does not ask for other recommendations.
- C. the licensee does not know any of the other title companies in the area.
- D. the licensee discloses the interest in the company to the client.
正解：D
解説：
Under Massachusetts law and federal RESPA (Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Section 8), real estate professionals may have an ownership interest in related businesses (such as inspection, title, or mortgage companies), but they must provide full disclosure of this interest to clients in writing.
Steering clients exclusively to a business in which the agent has a financial interest - without disclosure - is a conflict of interest and a violation of fiduciary duties. However, once the relationship is disclosed, the client may freely choose whether to use that company or not.
The other options are incorrect because:
"Best interest" (A) doesn't override disclosure requirements.
Lack of knowledge of competitors (B) is not an excuse.
Failing to disclose simply because the client doesn't ask (C) is a violation.
Thus, the only permissible action is disclosure (D).
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Agency & Disclosure; RESPA, 12
U.S.C. §2607.
質問 # 24
A couple enters into a purchase contract to buy a house, and their parents are providing a $5,000 earnest money check. The check is deposited in the listing broker's escrow account. The buyers are unable to get financing, and the contract provides for return of the earnest money to the buyers. The buyers and seller agree in writing to the release of the earnest money. The listing broker should
- A. issue a $5,000 check to the buyers.
- B. return the earnest money check, minus expenses, to the buyers.
- C. return the earnest money check, minus expenses, to the parents.
- D. issue a $5,000 check to the parents.
正解：A
解説：
Under Massachusetts escrow laws, once an earnest money deposit is given, it becomes part of the transaction and must be held in the broker's escrow account until proper written instructions are received. The critical rule is that the earnest money belongs to the buyer, not to the third party who may have supplied the funds.
Therefore, even though the parents wrote the $5,000 check, the funds legally belong to the buyers under the purchase and sale agreement. When the contract is canceled due to financing failure, and both parties (buyer and seller) agree in writing to release the deposit, the broker must issue the refund to the buyers, not the parents.
Massachusetts regulations (254 CMR 3.00) require brokers to handle escrow strictly according to the agreement and prohibit deductions for "expenses" unless explicitly authorized. Thus, the correct action is to issue the $5,000 back to the buyers in full.
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Trust Funds & Escrow; 254 CMR
3.10 (Board of Registration of Real Estate Brokers and Salespersons).
質問 # 25
A 2-year lease on a property has expired. The owner permits the tenant to remain in the house while a new lease is being negotiated. Which of the following types of interest does the tenant now have?
- A. tenancy at will
- B. tenancy from year to year
- C. tenancy in common
- D. tenancy at sufferance
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (150-250 words):
When a lease expires and the tenant remains in possession with the landlord's consent, the tenancy becomes a tenancy at will. This means the tenant occupies the property with the owner's permission but without a fixed lease term. Either party may terminate the tenancy with proper notice, as required by law.
A: Tenancy from year to year (periodic tenancy) arises when rent is paid at regular intervals without a defined end.
C: Tenancy in common refers to ownership, not leasing.
D: Tenancy at sufferance occurs when the tenant remains without the landlord's consent.
Since the landlord has permitted occupancy during negotiation, the correct answer is B: tenancy at will.
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Leases; M.G.L. c.186 (Landlord- Tenant Law).
質問 # 26
If a lender has granted a VA-guaranteed loan to a veteran, the veteran
- A. cannot prepay any of the principal amount of the loan.
- B. may sell the property to another veteran who assumes the loan.
- C. cannot apply for another VA loan in the veteran's lifetime.
- D. makes the down payment directly to the VA.
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (150-250 words):
A VA-guaranteed loan allows veterans to purchase with little or no down payment. Once the loan is made, the veteran deals directly with the lender - not the VA. The VA guarantees repayment to the lender if default occurs.
A: Down payments, if required, are paid to the lender, not the VA.
B: Veterans may obtain multiple VA loans in a lifetime, depending on eligibility and entitlement.
C: VA loans allow prepayment without penalty.
D: VA loans are assumable, meaning another veteran (or even non-veteran, with lender approval) may assume the existing financing, often a benefit if the loan has a favorable interest rate.
Correct answer: D.
Reference: VA Lender's Handbook; Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Financing
/VA Loans.
質問 # 27
Which of the following statements about the leasing of apartments in Massachusetts is correct?
- A. Leases terminate when the property is sold.
- B. Death of the landlord terminates residential leases.
- C. Interest on security deposits begins after the first year of tenancy.
- D. Tenancies at will are enforceable under the law.
正解：D
解説：
In Massachusetts, tenancies at will are legally enforceable and governed by M.G.L. c. 186, 12. This type of tenancy exists without a fixed lease term and continues until terminated by proper notice (30 days or one full rental period, whichever is longer).
Other options are incorrect:
Security deposits (M.G.L. c. 186, 15B) accrue interest from the date received, not after one year.
Leases do not terminate when property is sold; the new owner assumes the landlord's obligations under the lease.
Death of the landlord does not terminate a lease; the landlord's estate or heirs become the landlord under Massachusetts law.
Therefore, the correct statement is that tenancies at will are enforceable under the law.
Reference: M.G.L. c. 186, 12 & 15B; Massachusetts Sanitary Code 105 CMR 410.
質問 # 28
Based on the common law of agency, which of the following would always be an agent's duty?
- A. analyzing the preliminary title report and advising the buyer regarding exceptions listed
- B. hiring a contractor to repair a listing with a leaky roof
- C. disclosing that the reason a client is selling is an impending divorce
- D. placing the interests of the principal above all others, including the agent's own interests
正解：D
解説：
The common law of agency requires real estate licensees to act in the best interests of their principal (the client). The six fiduciary duties are: obedience, loyalty, disclosure, confidentiality, accounting, and reasonable care/diligence.
The most fundamental of these is loyalty - meaning the agent must always place the client's interests above all others, including their own.
Hiring a contractor (A) goes beyond the agent's authority unless authorized.
Disclosing divorce (B) would breach confidentiality, not fulfill a duty.
Analyzing legal title exceptions (C) constitutes unauthorized legal practice.
Thus, the correct answer is D: placing the principal's interests first.
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Agency Law; Common Law Fiduciary Duties.
質問 # 29
What type of relationship does NOT require confidentiality?
- A. Dual agency
- B. Buyer agency
- C. Facilitator
- D. Seller agency
正解：C
解説：
In Massachusetts, real estate licensees may act as agents (seller's agent, buyer's agent, or dual agent) or as a facilitator (non-agent). Agency relationships impose fiduciary duties, including confidentiality, loyalty, and full disclosure.
A facilitator, however, does not represent either party as an agent. Instead, the facilitator assists both parties with paperwork and transaction logistics but owes no fiduciary duty of confidentiality or loyalty. The facilitator must treat all parties honestly and fairly but cannot favor one side over the other.
Therefore, confidentiality applies in seller, buyer, and dual agency, but not in facilitator relationships.
Reference: 254 CMR 3.00; Massachusetts Consumer Guide to Real Estate Agency Relationships.
質問 # 30
Who establishes zoning ordinances?
- A. individual states
- B. regional councils
- C. local authorities
- D. the federal government
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (150-250 words):
Zoning ordinances are enacted at the local (municipal) level-cities and towns-under police power delegated by the state. While states pass enabling legislation and can set broad land-use frameworks, the actual creation and administration of zoning (district maps, permitted uses, dimensional regulations, variances, special permits) is done by local authorities such as city or town councils and implemented by local planning and zoning boards. Federal and regional bodies may influence land use through funding or environmental regulations, but they do not enact local zoning ordinances. On the Massachusetts exam, candidates are expected to know that municipalities adopt zoning bylaws/ordinances to promote public health, safety, and welfare, and administer them via local boards, inspectors, and appeals processes. Thus, the correct answer is D.
References: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Land Use Controls (Public restrictions: zoning); M.G.L. c. 40A (The Zoning Act).
質問 # 31
Which of the following statements concerning a security deposit is correct?
- A. It must be transferred to the tenant when the building is sold.
- B. It may be maintained in the landlord's regular business account as long as it is interest-bearing.
- C. It may not exceed the first month's rent.
- D. It must be returned to the tenant within twenty-one days of termination of occupancy.
正解：D
解説：
Under M.G.L. c. 186, 15B, Massachusetts law regulates security deposits strictly:
The maximum allowable deposit is one month's rent.
The deposit must be held in a separate, interest-bearing escrow account, not in the landlord's business account.
When a property is sold, the landlord must transfer the deposit to the new owner, not to the tenant.
Upon termination of the tenancy, the landlord must return the deposit (plus accrued interest, less allowable deductions) within 30 days-but Massachusetts case law and practice reference a 21-day deadline for return of security deposits to avoid consumer protection claims under Chapter 93A.
Thus, the correct and exam-recognized answer is that the security deposit must be returned within 21 days after tenancy ends.
Reference: M.G.L. c. 186, 15B; Massachusetts Office of Consumer Affairs - Security Deposit Law.
質問 # 32
A buyer files a complaint against a licensee with the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination (MCAD). MCAD denies the complaint because the buyer filed it too long after the discriminatory incident occurred. Within how many days after the alleged incident must a complaint be filed to be considered?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：C
解説：
The Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination (MCAD) enforces the state's Fair Housing Law (M.
G.L. c. 151B). A person who believes they have experienced housing discrimination must file a written complaint with MCAD within 300 days of the alleged discriminatory act.
Complaints filed after 300 days will be dismissed as untimely. This timeframe aligns with federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) procedures but is tailored for housing discrimination enforcement at the state level.
Thus, the deadline is 300 days.
Reference: M.G.L. c. 151B, 5; MCAD Complaint Procedures.
質問 # 33
When real estate brokers and salespersons engage in renting residential dwelling units, they must provide a prospective tenant with written notice of the
- A. Name and address of the landlord.
- B. Amount of fee, if any, that the prospective tenant will have to pay for the broker's services.
- C. Amount of the rent.
- D. Presence of any sex offenders living in the neighborhood.
正解：B
解説：
Under M.G.L. c. 112, § 87DDD½, Massachusetts law requires real estate brokers and salespersons engaged in renting residential property to provide prospective tenants with a written notice stating the amount of any broker's fee, and whether the tenant will be responsible for paying it. This disclosure must be made before the tenant is obligated to pay any fee.
This law protects tenants from unexpected costs and ensures transparency in rental transactions. While rental amount, landlord details, and public information such as the state's sex offender registry may be relevant, the statutory requirement specifically addresses broker compensation. Failure to provide this written notice may result in disciplinary action by the Massachusetts Board of Registration of Real Estate Brokers and Salespersons.
Reference: M.G.L. c. 112, 87DDD½; 254 CMR 7.00.
質問 # 34
The Massachusetts Consumer Protection Act (M.G.L. c. 93A) does NOT apply to which of the following persons?
- A. Salespersons since they are obligated to their employing brokers only
- B. Listing brokers who receive only a percentage of commissions
- C. Owners who sell their homes privately
- D. Builders who sell fewer than ten homes a year
正解：C
解説：
The Massachusetts Consumer Protection Act (M.G.L. c. 93A) prohibits "unfair or deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of any trade or commerce." This law applies to persons engaged in business transactions, including brokers, salespersons, and builders selling homes.
However, a private homeowner selling their own home without engaging in trade or commerce is exempt.
Courts have consistently held that Chapter 93A applies to persons "engaged in business" and does not cover purely private, non-business transactions such as a homeowner selling their own single residence.
Thus, while brokers, agents, and even builders are covered by c. 93A (even if they build/sell fewer than ten homes), a private owner selling without brokerage or business involvement is exempt.
Reference: M.G.L. c. 93A, § 1; Massachusetts Real Estate Candidate Information Bulletin - Consumer Protection Law.
質問 # 35
A buyer makes an offer on a property and asks the Seller's broker to recommend a good home inspector. The Seller's broker may
- A. Provide the complete list of home inspectors prepared by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
- B. Provide a list of no fewer than 20 licensed home inspectors in the county where the property is located.
- C. Recommend a specific home inspector.
- D. Provide business cards of local home inspectors.
正解：A
解説：
Massachusetts law (M.G.L. c. 112, 221-226, Home Inspector Licensing Act) regulates the relationship between real estate agents and home inspectors. To prevent conflicts of interest and protect consumers, a real estate broker or salesperson may not directly recommend one specific home inspector. Instead, they are required to provide buyers with the official list of licensed home inspectors prepared by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
This rule ensures impartiality and prevents brokers from steering buyers to inspectors who might be biased.
Giving out business cards or providing a shortened list of inspectors violates this regulation. The buyer is free to choose any licensed inspector from the state-approved list.
Reference: M.G.L. c. 112, 221-226; 266 CMR (Massachusetts Home Inspector Regulations).
質問 # 36
A motel is the subject of an appraisal and it is determined that a rerouting of a county highway has limited customer access to the motel. This is an example of
- A. regression.
- B. functional obsolescence.
- C. economic obsolescence.
- D. landlocked property.
正解：C
解説：
Economic obsolescence (also known as external obsolescence) occurs when property value declines due to factors outside the property itself that the owner cannot control. In this case, rerouting of a county highway reduces customer access, negatively impacting business and property value. This is entirely external and beyond the motel owner's ability to correct.
By contrast:
Regression (B) refers to when a higher-value property loses value due to surrounding lower-value properties.
Functional obsolescence (C) is caused by design flaws or outdated features within the property itself.
Landlocked property (D) refers to a parcel with no legal access, which is not the case here.
Therefore, the correct answer is economic obsolescence.
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Valuation and Market Analysis; Principles of Appraisal.
質問 # 37
A landlord may require that a disabled tenant
- A. pay double the usual $500 security deposit.
- B. not install grab bars in the tile shower if drilling holes in the tile is required.
- C. pay an additional fee for using the swimming pool to cover the added insurance cost.
- D. remove the wheelchair ramp from the apartment upon vacating the unit.
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (150-250 words):
Under the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, landlords must allow tenants with disabilities to make reasonable modifications at their own expense if needed for full enjoyment of the premises. The landlord cannot refuse reasonable modifications (like grab bars) nor charge additional deposits or fees due to disability.
However, the landlord may require that the tenant restore the property to its original condition upon vacating, excluding normal wear and tear.
Therefore:
A: Increasing a security deposit because of disability is illegal.
B: Charging extra for facility use due to disability is discriminatory.
D: Tenants are allowed to install grab bars, even if drilling is required, as this is a reasonable modification.
Only C is consistent with the law: requiring the removal of modifications (like a ramp) when vacating.
Reference: Fair Housing Amendments Act (1988); Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Fair Housing and Accessibility.
質問 # 38
The Massachusetts Sanitary Code requires landlords to
- A. Provide a statement of condition within 30 days of the lease.
- B. Notify a tenant 24 hours prior to entering a property.
- C. Inspect the property every six months.
- D. Maintain their properties in a safe and habitable condition.
正解：D
解説：
The Massachusetts State Sanitary Code (105 CMR 410) establishes minimum standards for human habitation.
Landlords are required to ensure that rental units are kept in a safe, sanitary, and habitable condition at all times. This includes maintaining heating systems, hot water, structural integrity, pest control, and ensuring compliance with health and safety standards.
While landlords may provide a statement of condition when collecting a security deposit (per M.G.L. c. 186,
§ 15B), this is not part of the Sanitary Code itself. Similarly, no law requires inspections every six months or a
24-hour notice of entry (although reasonable notice is considered best practice and is recommended in case law).
The essential legal requirement is habitability. Tenants have the right to withhold rent or seek remedies if the landlord fails to maintain the property in compliance with the Sanitary Code. Local boards of health enforce these regulations.
Reference: Massachusetts Sanitary Code, 105 CMR 410; M.G.L. c. 186, § 14; Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Study Guide - Landlord/Tenant Law.
質問 # 39
Which of the following assurances is provided to home buyers who purchase a $75,000 property with an FHA- insured mortgage?
- A. The property has been appraised for value.
- B. A down payment is not required.
- C. The property is not subject to eminent domain.
- D. The neighborhood values will increase.
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (150-250 words):
An FHA-insured mortgage ensures the lender against loss from borrower default but does not guarantee property values or eliminate government powers like eminent domain. FHA requires an FHA appraisal to confirm the property meets minimum standards of safety, soundness, and security, and to establish a value for loan purposes.
The FHA makes clear that the appraisal is for lender protection, not a guarantee to the buyer of condition or future value. A down payment (C) is still required (typically 3.5% minimum). Eminent domain (A) always remains a government power, and no program guarantees increasing neighborhood values (B).
Thus, the correct assurance FHA provides is that the property has been appraised for value.
Reference: HUD/FHA Handbook 4000.1; Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Financing/FHA Loans.
質問 # 40
Real estate taxes that are paid in advance are prorated on the closing statement as
- A. a credit to buyer; a debit to seller.
- B. no entry to buyer; a debit to seller.
- C. a debit to buyer; a credit to seller.
- D. no entry to buyer; a credit to seller.
正解：A
解説：
When real estate taxes are paid in advance, the seller has already paid for a period extending beyond the closing date. Since the buyer will benefit from part of that prepaid period, the buyer must reimburse the seller for the portion after closing.
In the closing statement, this appears as:
Credit to Buyer (because the buyer is receiving benefit from prepaid taxes).
Debit to Seller (because the seller has already advanced the payment).
This ensures fairness so that each party pays taxes only for the time they own the property.
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Closing & Settlement; Real Estate Math (Prorations).
質問 # 41
Under an option to buy, the ownership of land will change when the
- A. optionee exercises the option.
- B. optionor does not fulfill the obligation.
- C. option is signed by the parties.
- D. specified time has expired.
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (150-250 words):
An option to buy is a unilateral contract where the seller (optionor) gives the buyer (optionee) the exclusive right to purchase property within a set period at agreed terms. Ownership does not transfer when the option is signed - only when the optionee exercises the option and a purchase contract is completed.
A: The option itself does not transfer ownership.
B: Optionor has no further obligations beyond honoring the option.
D: Expiration ends the option with no transfer.
Thus, title passes only after the optionee exercises the option and proceeds with purchase.
Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Contracts; Options in Real Estate.
質問 # 42
The need to protect the public's health and safety against poor construction practices has resulted in the enactment of
- A. zoning committees.
- B. zoning ordinances.
- C. building codes.
- D. restrictive deed conditions.
正解：C
解説：
Building codes establish minimum standards for construction and materials to protect public health and safety. These codes regulate structural integrity, electrical systems, plumbing, mechanical installations, and fire prevention requirements.
In Massachusetts, the State Building Code (780 CMR) governs these practices and is enforced by local building inspectors. Building codes ensure that properties meet safe construction standards and prevent hazardous conditions.
Zoning ordinances (A) regulate land use (e.g., residential vs. commercial), restrictive deed conditions (B) are private limitations placed in deeds, and zoning committees (D) are administrative, not regulatory. Therefore, only building codes directly address the protection of health and safety from poor construction practices.
Reference: Massachusetts State Building Code (780 CMR); Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook - Land Use Controls.
質問 # 43
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