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質問 # 12
Which statements are true about the Sprint Goal?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Sprint Goals often change during the Sprint as new insights emerge during the work.
- B. During Sprint Planning, the Scrum Team crafts a Sprint Goal based on anobjective that the Product Owner would like to achieve that Sprint.
- C. The use of Sprint Goals is optional in the Scrum Framework
- D. Sprint Goals give Developers flexibility and creativity on how to implement functionality during the Sprint
正解：B、D
解説：
Explanation
According to the Scrum Guide 2020, the Sprint Goal is a short statement that provides direction and focus for the Scrum Team throughout the Sprint1. The Sprint Goal is chosenby the Scrum Team during Sprint Planning, based on the Product Backlog items that they forecast to complete in the Sprint1. The Sprint Goal also gives Developers flexibility and creativity on how to implement functionality during the Sprint, as long as they do not endanger the Sprint Goal1. Therefore, the statements that are true about the Sprint Goal are:
During Sprint Planning, the Scrum Team crafts a Sprint Goal based on an objective that the Product Owner would like to achieve that Sprint. This statement is true because it reflects the purpose and process of creating a Sprint Goal. The Product Owner proposes an objective for the Sprint, based on the current state of the product and the stakeholders' needs2. The Developers then select the Product Backlog items that support that objective, and craft a Sprint Goal that expresses what value they will deliver in the Sprint2.
Sprint Goals give Developers flexibility and creativity on how to implement functionality during the Sprint. This statement is true because it reflects the benefit and outcome of having a Sprint Goal. The Sprint Goal is not a fixed scope of work, but a flexible goal that guides the Developers' decisions and actions3. The Developers can modify their Sprint Backlog during the Sprint as needed, as long as they do not endanger the Sprint Goal1. The Sprint Goal also encourages the Developers to work together rather than on separate initiatives3.
The other statements are not true because:
Sprint Goals often change during the Sprint as new insights emerge during the work. This statement is false because it contradicts the Scrum framework, which defines the Sprint Goal as a commitment by the Developers that does not change during a Sprint1. The Sprint Goal provides coherence and alignment for the Scrum Team, and helps them cope with complexity and uncertainty3. Changing the Sprint Goal during a Sprint would undermine its value and impact, and create confusion and waste.
The use of Sprint Goals is optional in the Scrum Framework. This statement is false because it contradicts the Scrum framework, which defines the Sprint Goal as a mandatory element of each Sprint1. The Scrum Guide 2020 states that "the entire Scrum Team is accountable for creating a valuable, useful Increment every Sprint" and "the Developers commit to achieving the Sprint Goal" 1.
Without a Sprint Goal, there would be no clear direction or focus for the Scrum Team, and no way to measure their progress or success.
References: 1: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html#sprint-goal 2:
https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html#sprint-planning 3:
https://www.scrum.org/resources/blog/sprint-goal-key-element-scrum
質問 # 13
What is the recommended size for a Development Team (within the Scrum Team)?
- A. 7 plus or minus 2
- B. Minimal 5
- C. 3 to 9
- D. 0
正解：C
質問 # 14
Self-management is more effective when it happens within boundaries.
Select two relevant boundaries for self-management provided by the Scrum framework.
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Timeboxing work to allow for frequent inspection.
- B. Creating a valuable and useful Increment by the end of each Sprint.
- C. Having an even number of members in a Scrum Team to be able to do pair programming and be more productive.
- D. Clearly defining sub-responsibilities and handovers within the Scrum Team.
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
The best two answers are A and C.
A) Timeboxing work to allow for frequent inspection. This is a relevant boundary for self-management provided by the Scrum framework, as it helps the Scrum Team to organize their work into fixed-length Sprints and other events, such as the Daily Scrum, the Sprint Planning, the Sprint Review, and the Sprint Retrospective. Timeboxing enables the Scrum Team to inspect their progress, adapt their plan, and deliver value regularly and predictably.
C) Creating a valuable and useful Increment by the end of each Sprint. This is also a relevant boundary for self-management provided by the Scrum framework, as it guides the Scrum Team to focus on delivering a product Increment that meets the Sprint Goal and the Definition of Done. Creating a valuable and useful Increment requires the Scrum Team to collaborate, communicate, and coordinate effectively, and to apply their skills and creativity to solve complex problems.
References:
The Scrum Guide, section 2.3 (The Scrum Team), page 7
The Scrum Guide, section 3.1 (The Sprint), page 8
The Scrum Guide, section 3.4 (The Increment), page 10
The Scrum Master Learning Path, module 2 (The Scrum Framework), lesson 2 (The Sprint), lesson 3 (The Sprint Goal), lesson 4 (Sprint Planning) and lesson 5 (The Sprint Review) The Professional Scrum Master II (PSM II) Assessment, question 40
質問 # 15
A Scrum Master colleague of yours wants some guidance on what to do in the following situation. During the Daily Scrum, one Scrum Team member, who is a key central figure in the organization, drags on and on about things which actually are interesting but not relevant for the Daily Scrum, day after day. What are two suggestions you would offer to your colleague?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. You suggest taking the person aside and asking them what they believe the key outcomes are for the Daily Scrum. Effectively coaching them to help create focus during the Daily Scrum.
- B. You suggest using a timer, to limit the time each person can speak at the Daily Scrum.
- C. You suggest coaching the Developers to help them find a way to solve the problem, and own the solution.
- D. You suggest passing a token around. The person holding the token has the floor to speak for an allotted amount of time.
- E. You contact the team member's Line Manager and raise this as an impediment to the Manager, and ask that they resolve this matter.
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation
A) You suggest taking the person aside and asking them what they believe the key outcomes are for the Daily Scrum. Effectively coaching them to help create focus during the Daily Scrum.
This is a good suggestion because it shows respect and empathy for the person, while also helping them understand the purpose and value of the Daily Scrum. Coaching is one of the core competencies of a Scrum Master, and it can help the person self-reflect and improve their behavior12.
E) You suggest coaching the Developers to help them find a way to solve the problem, and own the solution.
This is another good suggestion because it empowers the Developers to take ownership of their own process and communication. The Scrum Master's role is not to impose rules or solutions, but to facilitate and enable the team's self-organization and collaboration12. By coaching the Developers, the Scrum Master can help them address the issue in a constructive and respectful way.
References: 1: What is a Scrum Master? | Scrum.org 2: What is a scrum master? [+ Responsibilities] | Atlassian
質問 # 16
What should a Development Team do if it realizes it has selected too much work after starting the Sprint?
- A. Work with the Product Owner to remove some work or Product Backlog items as soon as possible.
- B. Modify the definition of "Done" to ensure all Product Backlog items can be done by the end of the Sprint.
- C. Continue working and update the Product Owner at the Sprint Review.
- D. Add additional team members to handle the extra work.
正解：A
解説：
The Sprint Backlog is a living artifact that evolves and changes as more is learned or discovered.
質問 # 17
Your organization always stresses the importance of on-time delivery and reliability. A manager has detected that your team's progress is too slow. They feel that your team's velocity needs to be 10% higher.
The organization expects you, as the Scrum Master, to make it happen. How do you respond?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. You tell management that this is not your accountability in Scrum. You direct them to the Product Owner to determine whether the forecast is accurate.
- B. You inform management of organizational impediments that prevent the Scrum Team from being more productive. You enlist their help to remove these impediments.
- C. You help management understand that it typically takes a few Sprints for a team to gradually increase the velocity up to the level expected. Meanwhile you present this to the team as a challenge and a company goal, leaving it however up to them to figure out exactly how to achieve this.
- D. You explain how a Scrum Team uses the velocity of a Sprint primarily to forecast work for the next Sprint, not to perfectly predict future productivity. You refer management to the Product Owner for all information concerning the progress of development.
- E. You educate management that it is the Scrum Team's responsibility to improve their velocity. You invite management to the next Sprint Retrospective to brainstorm on how they can improve.
正解：B、D
解説：
Explanation
B) You inform management of organizational impediments that prevent the Scrum Team from being more productive. You enlist their help to remove these impediments.
This is a good answer because it is consistent with the Scrum Master's accountability to serve the Scrum Team and the organization by identifying and addressing the factors that hinder the team's effectiveness12. By informing management of the organizational impediments, you can leverage their authority and influence to resolve them. By enlisting their help, you can also foster a collaborative and supportive relationship with them.
C) You explain how a Scrum Team uses the velocity of a Sprint primarily to forecast work for the next Sprint, not to perfectly predict future productivity. You refer management to the Product Owner for all information concerning the progress of development.
This is another good answer because it is consistent with the Scrum Master's accountability to educate and coach the organization on the Scrum framework and its principles12. By explaining how velocity is used in Scrum, you can help management understand that it is not a reliable metric for measuring performance or comparing teams. By referring management to the Product Owner, you can also respect the Product Owner's accountability to manage the product backlog and communicate the value and status of the product34.
References: 1: What is a Scrum Master? | Scrum.org 2: What is a scrum master? [+ Responsibilities] | Atlassian 3: What is a Product Owner? | Scrum.org 4: What is a product owner? [+ Responsibilities] | Atlassian : Scrum Guide | Scrum Guides
質問 # 18
Steven is a Scrum Master for three different teams building a single product from the same Product Backlog.
Development Team members from each team have approached Steven complaining that their teams need Nicole, an external specialist, to commit full time for their next Sprint.
Which three acceptable solutions would Steven consider? (Choose three.)
- A. Create a team with Nicole and people from the teams to temporarily work in Nicole's domain to serve the existing teams.
- B. Investigate whether applying additional techniques or frameworks for scaling Scrum would be appropriate for this product team in the future, since you have multiple Scrum Teams working on the same product, with dependencies between the teams.
- C. For Sprints that require Nicole's expertise for more than one team, combine the teams into one and separate when they no longer need to share her services.
- D. Have the Development Team re-order the Product Backlog so Nicole can serve one team full-time in a Sprint.
- E. Ask Nicole for a plan to hire and train additional people in her domain, and in the meantime work with the Product Owner and Development Teams to re-prioritize the work so that tasks not depending on Nicole can be done first.
- F. People from the Development Teams with an interest in Nicole's domain could volunteer to take on this work in their respective teams.
正解：B、D、F
解説：
Explanation
Explanation:
The Scrum Master is responsible for removing impediments within the current context of the situation AND boundaries defined by the Scrum framework.
質問 # 19
Which three statements best describe the purpose of having a Definition of Done? (Choose three.)
- A. As the Development Team is doing the work, it provides guidance on the remaining work needed to create the potentially shippable Increment by the end of the Sprint.
- B. It helps the Scrum Team decide how much time is needed before the Sprint can end.
- C. It is a checklist to monitor the Development Team member's progress on a task.
- D. It provides guidance to the Development Team when they are forecasting their Sprint Backlog during the Sprint Planning.
- E. It creates transparency and provides a common understanding of the 'done' state of the Increment at the Sprint Review.
- F. It helps the Development Team defer any pending work to subsequent Sprints.
正解：A、D、E
解説：
When a Product Backlog item or an Increment is described as 'Done', everyone must understand what 'Done' means. Scrum Team members must have a shared understanding of what it means for work to be complete, to ensure transparency and is used to assess when work is complete on the product Increment. This Definition of Done provides the team guidance on what it takes to make the increment shippable.
質問 # 20
How much work must a Development Team do to a Product Backlog item it selects for a Sprint?
- A. As much as it can fit into the Sprint. Any remaining work will be moved to a subsequent Sprint.
- B. All development work and at least some testing.
- C. As much as it has informed the Product Owner will be done for every Product Backlog item it selects in conformance with the definition of "Done".
- D. An equal amount of time on analysis, design, programming, testing and documentation.
正解：C
質問 # 21
During the Sprint Retrospective, the newest developer says that his perspective and ideas have been ignored by the rest of the Developers throughout the Sprint What Scrum values are touched here?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. Transparency
- B. Respect
- C. Openness
- D. Courage
- E. Commitment
- F. Focus
正解：B、C、D
解説：
Explanation
The Scrum values of courage, openness, and respect are touched in this situation. Courage means that the Scrum Team members have the courage to do the right thing and work on tough problems, and also to speak up when they have concerns or disagreements. Openness means that the Scrum Team members and stakeholders agree to be open about all the work and the challenges with performing the work. Respect means that the Scrum Team members respect each other to be capable, independent people, and also respect the opinions and ideas of others.
In this case, the newest developer showed courage by expressing his feelings during the Sprint Retrospective, which is an opportunity for the Scrum Team to inspect itself and create a plan for improvements. The rest of the Developers should have been more open to listening to his perspective and ideas throughout the Sprint, as they might have valuable insights or suggestions for improving the product or the process. The Developers should also have respected the newest developer as a member of the team, and given him a fair chance to contribute and collaborate with them.
References:
The Scrum Guide, November 2020, p. 13-14
What are the 5 Scrum Values?, Visual Paradigm, accessed on September 30, 2023 Scrum Values Poster, Scrum.org, accessed on September 30, 2023
質問 # 22
If burndown charts are used to visualize progress, what does a trendline through a release burndown chart indicate?
- A. The evolution of the return of investment on the project.
The trendline is based on the team's average velocity and the projective completion to zero is based on the team's velocity. The burndown chart is a helpful tool for Development Teams to self-manage BUT it is not mandatory as the teams will decide the best way to manage their own progress and promote transparency. - B. When the work remaining is projected to be completed if nothing changes on the Product Backlog or Development Team.
- C. When the project will be over if the Product Owner removes work that is equal in effort to any new work that is added.
- D. When all work will be completed so the Scrum Team can start work on a new Product Backlog.
正解：B
質問 # 23
In Scrum, how would budgeting and financial forecasting be performed? (Choose two.)
- A. Fixed budgets are not allowed in Scrum.
- B. A single release may be funded with several Sprints where every Sprint is producing shippable increments.
- C. Frequently inspect the outcomes of the delivered Sprint Increments to understand how much value is being produced per investment spent.
- D. Budgeting is not necessary as the only funding necessary is the operational costs of the Scrum Teams.
正解：B、C
解説：
The cost of developing, delivering, and sustaining products can impact how the flow of value is managed throughout the life of a product. Each Sprint is an opportunity to inspect the investment (financial, time, effort, etc.) against the returned value (customer satisfaction, revenue, etc.) of the work that has been delivered. The team can then decide on what it should do next to maximize the value of the investment.
質問 # 24
Several Sprints into a project, a client is complaining to the Product Owner about the poor performance of the product.
As a Scrum Master, how can you help the Product Owner?
- A. Coach the Product Owner on effective ways to communicate this concern to the Development Team and encourage the Product Owner to add the performance issue to the Product Backlog.
- B. Notify the team responsible for system performance.
- C. Note the issue for the next Sprint Retrospective.
- D. Tell the Product Owner performance is defined by the Development Team.
正解：A
質問 # 25
During a Product Backlog refinement meeting, the Product Owner introduces a business objective that will be worked on for the next several Sprints. The Product Owner envisions several key features necessary to be delivered in order to meet the business objective. As the features will be using sensitive user data it will be subjected to external security audits. These non-functional security requirements were not applicable to previous Increments.
What are two good ways the Development Team can handle these high-security concerns? (Choose two.)
- A. They should be handled in a parallel Sprint by a separate security team so that security can be resolved through application enhancements without impacting the functional development.
- B. During the Sprint Retrospective, the Development Team assesses how to add these expectations to their Definition of Done so every future Increment will meet these security requirements. If needed they can work with external specialists to better understand the requirements.
- C. They are added to the Product Backlog and addressed throughout the next Sprints, combined with creating the business functionality in those Sprints, no matter how small the business functionality.
- D. They should be planned in parallel Sprints so not to disrupt the Development Team during feature development. After security concerns have been finalized, they will be applied to the work that is already completed before new feature development can continue.
- E. A complete list of security-related Product Backlog items needs to be created before starting a new Sprint.
正解：B、C
解説：
In order to ensure transparency, work that must be done to the product must be visible in either the Product Backlog or the Definition of Done.
質問 # 26
The director of engineering in your organization always stresses the importance of meeting deadlines in order for the engineering department to be seen as a reliable source for the product management department. The director has calculated that the team's velocity needs to increase an additional 15% to meet the commitment he made to management for the release date of the product.
He asks Steven, the team's Scrum Master, to increase his team's velocity. Which would be the best two responses for Steven to take? (Choose two.)
- A. He tells the director that this is not his responsibility in Scrum. He tells the director to work with the Product Owner to check whether the estimates on the Product Backlog are being respected during implementation.
- B. He explains how a team uses the velocity of a Sprint primarily to forecast work for the next Sprint, not to perfectly predict future productivity. He refers the director to the Product Owner for all information concerning the progress of development.
- C. He helps the director understand that it typically takes a few Sprints for a team to gradually increase the velocity up to the level expected. Meanwhile he presents this to the team as a challenge and a company goal, leaving it however up to them to figure out exactly how to achieve this.
- D. He educates his director how it is part of a team's self-organization to improve velocity. He invites the director to the next Sprint Retrospective to brainstorm on how they can improve.
- E. He informs the director of organizational impediments he is aware of that prevent the team from being more productive. He suggests collaborating with him on how to remove these impediments.
正解：B、E
解説：
The Scrum Master serves the organization by helping employees and stakeholders understand and enact Scrum and empirical product development and causing change that increases the productivity of the Scrum Team.
質問 # 27
A Scrum Master teaches those who are interested in the Development Team's progress that progress in Scrum comes from inspecting an Increment at the Sprint Review.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
解説：
Working software is the primary measure of progress.
質問 # 28
Which four of the following risks to product development are addressed by Scrum?
(choose the best four answers)
- A. The definition of incentive and bonus strategies by Human Resources for all team members.
- B. The clear definitions of stages and gateways in the overall governance model.
- C. The stability and complexity of the technology.
- D. The skills and working relationships of the people on the teams.
- E. The timescale of the planned work.
- F. The complexity and unpredictability of the requirements.
正解：C、D、E、F
解説：
Explanation
Scrum is a framework for addressing complex adaptive problems, such as product development, that require empirical process control and frequent inspection and adaptation. Scrum helps to mitigate the risks of:
The timescale of the planned work (A), by delivering potentially releasable increments of value at the end of each Sprint, which is a fixed time-box of one month or less.
The stability and complexity of the technology (B), by allowing the Development Team to self-organize and choose the best way to create a "Done" increment that meets the Definition of Done.
The complexity and unpredictability of the requirements, by enabling the Product Owner to manage the Product Backlog, which is an ordered list of what is needed in the product and can change as more is learned about the product, users, market, and technology.
The skills and working relationships of the people on the teams (D), by fostering a culture of collaboration, transparency, and accountability among the Scrum Team members and stakeholders.
References: : [Scrum Guide], Introduction : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint : [Scrum Guide], The Development Team : [Scrum Guide], The Product Backlog : [Scrum Guide], Scrum Values
質問 # 29
Who determines how to do the work during the Sprint?
- A. The engineering director.
- B. The Technical Architects.
- C. The Development Team.
- D. The Scrum Master.
- E. The Team Leads.
正解：C
質問 # 30
An organization is using Scrum to build five new products.
What would be the best two options for the number of Product Owners the organization should have? (Choose two.)
- A. Enough Product Owners to delegate as much work needed to maximize utilization of all Development Team members.
- B. There is one Product Owner responsible for all five products. This person is not allowed to delegate any of the Product Owner responsibilities as he/she is accountable for the success of each product.
- C. There is one Product Owner responsible for all five products. In order to scale his/her role, he/she can delegate some of the individual Product Owner responsibilities to others within each product but would still remain accountable for the value of the work produced.
- D. There is one Product Owner for each product (so five in total). Each Product Owner may delegate, share and align work within their individual Product Backlog.
正解：C、D
解説：
The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for maximizing the value of the product through the ordering and management of the Product Backlog. This reduces complexity in communication and understanding who to go to when there are Question:s about the product. The Product Owner may delegate his/her responsibilities but still remains accountable for the outcome of those responsibilities.
質問 # 31
At the eighth Sprint Review, the stakeholders are upset that the product being built is not what they expected and will incur additional costs that was not planned for.
What may have led to this?
- A. The Scrum Master has not ensured that the project is transparent. The Product Owner has not made the stakeholders aware of the progress of the project. The stakeholders have not been attending the Sprint Reviews.
- B. The Scrum Master has not been attending the Daily Standup. The Product Owner has not been using the Gantt chart correctly. The Stakeholders has not been invited to the Sprint Retrospectives.
- C. The Scrum Master has not been reporting on the progress of the Scrum Team. The Product Owner has not been managing the Development Team's tasks effectively. The Development Team has not been improving their velocity.
正解：A
解説：
Scrum requires significant aspects of the process to be visible to those responsible for the outcome. This includes transparency with internal and external stakeholders.
質問 # 32
During a Sprint Review, the Product Owner determines that she is going to release the currer Increment to production. The stakeholders ask to stop the Sprint to react more quickly to the user feedback that is expected after this release. The Product Owner prefers to continue the Sprint to make progress with the next release.
You facilitate a discussion on how to proceed.
What are two acceptable results of this discussion?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Continue sprinting but shorten the Sprint length to allow for shorter feedback loops.
- B. Continue sprinting and include the customer feedback in the Product Backlog.
- C. Stop sprinting and let the Developers work on new customer requests as they arise.
- D. Continue sprinting but allow customer feedback to change the Sprint Goal within the Sprint.
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
The Sprint Review is an event that inspects the outcome of the Sprint and determines future adaptations. The Product Owner has the authority to release the Increment to production at any time, but this does not mean that the Sprint has to be stopped or changed. The stakeholders can provide feedback and suggestions for the product, but they cannot interfere with the Sprint Goal or the Sprint Backlog within the Sprint. The Scrum Team can decide to:
Continue sprinting but shorten the Sprint length to allow for shorter feedback loops (A), which is a valid option if the Scrum Team agrees that this will improve their agility and value delivery. However, this should not be done frequently or arbitrarily, as it may disrupt the rhythm and focus of the team.
Continue sprinting and include the customer feedback in the Product Backlog, which is the most appropriate option as it respects the empirical nature of Scrum and allows the Product Owner to prioritize and order the Product Backlog based on new insights and stakeholder needs.
References: : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint Review : [Scrum Guide], The Product Owner : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint : [Scrum Guide], The Product Backlog
質問 # 33
Which role is responsible for engaging with stakeholders?
- A. The business analyst
- B. The Development Team
- C. The team lead
- D. The Product Owner
- E. The project manager
正解：D
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
質問 # 34
If there are multiple Scrum Teams working on the same product, all of the Scrum Teams must mutually define a Definition of Ready (DoR). The DoR is a checklist that the Product Owner must fulfill before a Product Backlog item can be presented at the Sprint Planning. This protects the Development Team from interruptions and disruptions during the Sprint.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
Product Backlog items should be clear enough and have enough information for the Product Owner and Development to understand the work that needs to be done and to create a forecast of Product Backlog items to implement the Sprint Goal. Nothing stops the flow of Sprints, for example, we do not delay the Sprint because the items are not ready. In such cases, the "unready" items would be selected for the Sprint anyway and refined during the Sprint.
In the case that the Product Backlog items are not clear enough, the Development Team forecasts the most likely Product Backlog items to meet the goal and create a Sprint Backlog based on a likely initial design and plan. Once the time-box for the Sprint Planning meeting is over, start the Sprint and continue to analyze, decompose, and create additional functionality during the Sprint. At the end of the Sprint, the Scrum Team can discuss in the upcoming Sprint Retrospective why this happened and what changes will make it less likely to recur.
質問 # 35
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