2024年最新のScrum PSM-II試験問題には76問があります
無料で使えるPSM-II別格な問題集をダウンロード2024年04月16日に更新された76問があります
質問 # 12
A Scrum Team is struggling over the fact that not all Developers work full time and that other Developers regularly work from home. To solve the difficulties in aligning daily, at the Sprint Retrospective two Developers suggest having the Daily Scrum every three days, when everyone is in the office.
What would be three key concerns if the frequency of the Daily Scrum were to be lowered?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. Less progress information will be shared, causing the plan for the Sprint to become inaccurate and transparency over progress toward the Sprint Goal is reduced.
- B. Impediments are raised and resolved more slowly which might impact
productivity and progress. - C. Opportunities to inspect and adapt the Sprint Backlog are reduced. Re-aligning is bound to become even more difficult.
- D. The Product Owner cannot accurately report progress about the state of the forecasted work to the stakeholders.
- E. The Scrum Master loses the ability to update the Gantt chart properly, there by obscuring the Scrum Master's tracking of Sprint progress.
正解：A、B、C
解説：
Explanation
A: Opportunities to inspect and adapt the Sprint Backlog are reduced. Re-aligning is bound to become even more difficult. This is a valid concern, as the Daily Scrum is an event where the Developers can inspect the progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog accordingly. If the Daily Scrum is held less frequently, the Developers may miss some opportunities to adjust their plan and collaborate effectively.
C: Less progress information will be shared, causing the plan for the Sprint to become inaccurate and transparency over progress toward the Sprint Goal is reduced. This is a valid concern, as the Daily Scrum is an event where the Developers can share their work status, challenges, and dependencies with each other. If the Daily Scrum is held less frequently, the Developers may have less visibility and awareness of what is going on in the Sprint, and may face more surprises or risks.
D: Impediments are raised and resolved more slowly which might impact productivity and progress.
This is a valid concern, as the Daily Scrum is an event where the Developers can identify and communicate any impediments or issues that hinder their work. If the Daily Scrum is held less frequently, the Developers may have to wait longer to get help or support from their peers or the Scrum Master, and may lose some momentum or efficiency.
References:
Scrum Guide 2020, page 11: "The purpose of the Daily Scrum is to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work." Scrum Guide 2020, page 12: "The Developers can select whatever structure and techniques they want, as long as their Daily Scrum focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal and produces an actionable plan for the next day of work." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 14: "The Daily Scrum is a key opportunity for inspection and adaptation at the team level. It helps the team to synchronize their work, identify impediments, and collaborate on solutions."
質問 # 13
According to the Scrum Guide, where should the Daily Scrum be held?
- A. In front of the Scrum board.
- B. Wherever the Development Team decides is most suitable.
- C. In the same location where the Development Team is seated.
- D. In a room where management can attend.
- E. Wherever the Scrum Master decides is best.
正解：B
解説：
Because the Daily Scrum is owned and managed by the Development Team, it is up to them to decide on the most effective place and time to hold the Daily Scrum.
質問 # 14
When does a new Sprint begin?
- A. Immediately after the next Sprint Planning.
- B. Every Monday.
- C. Immediately after the end of the previous Sprint.
- D. It depends on the Product Owner.
正解：C
質問 # 15
How does the Scrum Master serve the Scrum Team?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. The Scrum Master coaches the Scrum Team and the organization how to work empirically.
- B. The Scrum Master resolves every impediment that the Developers run into.
- C. The Scrum Master never intervenes in matters of the Scrum Team, but allows them to maximize their autonomy and freedom.
- D. The Scrum Master facilitates Scrum events as requested or needed.
正解：A、D
解説：
Explanation
B: The Scrum Master coaches the Scrum Team and the organization how to work empirically. This is a true statement, as the Scrum Master is responsible for helping everyone understand and apply the principles and practices of Scrum, which is based on empirical process control. The Scrum Master can teach the Scrum Team and the organization how to use transparency, inspection, and adaptation to deliver valuable products in a complex environment.
C: The Scrum Master facilitates Scrum events as requested or needed. This is a true statement, as the Scrum Master is responsible for ensuring that all Scrum events take place and are positive, productive, and kept within the timebox. The Scrum Master can facilitate the communication and collaboration among the Scrum Team and the stakeholders during the Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective.
References:
Scrum Guide 2020, page 6: "The Scrum Master is accountable for establishing Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide. They do this by helping everyone understand Scrum theory and practice, both within the Scrum Team and the organization." Scrum Guide 2020, page 13: "The purpose of each event in Scrum is to create an opportunity for inspection and adaptation. These events are specifically designed to enable critical transparency and inspection." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 13: "The Scrum Master serves the Scrum Team by facilitating the Scrum events and ensuring that they are effective and valuable."
質問 # 16
Which statement about the Sprint Goal is incorrect?
(choose the best answer)
- A. The Scrum Team commits to it.
- B. It is only a forecast and may change within the Sprint as more is learned.
- C. The Scrum Team discusses openly about alternative ways to reach it.
- D. The Product Owner respects the opinions of the Developers about whether they can achieve the Sprint Goal.
- E. It helps increase focus.
- F. If it does not seem achievable, the Developers have the courage to tell the Product Owner.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The Sprint Goal is a short and clear description of what the Scrum Team wants to achieve in the Sprint. It is a commitment that provides guidance and focus for the Scrum Team throughout the Sprint. The Sprint Goal is:
Created by the Scrum Team during the Sprint Planning, based on the Product Owner's proposal and the Developers' forecast (A).
Respected by the Product Owner, who does not change it or add new work that endangers it during the Sprint (B).
Helpful for increasing focus, as it helps the Scrum Team align their actions and decisions with a common objective.
Discussed openly by the Scrum Team, who can explore different ways to reach it and adapt their plan as needed within the Sprint (D).
Fixed and immutable for the duration of the Sprint, unless a significant change occurs that makes it obsolete or invalid. In that case, the Sprint may be cancelled by the Product Owner (E).
Communicated courageously by the Developers, who inform the Product Owner as soon as possible if they encounter any impediments or risks that may prevent them from achieving it (F).
Therefore, the statement that is incorrect is that the Sprint Goal is only a forecast and may change within the Sprint as more is learned (E), because this contradicts the principle of commitment and stability that underlies the Sprint Goal.
References: : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint Goal : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint Planning : [Scrum Guide], The Product Owner : [Scrum Guide], The Developers : [Scrum Guide], Cancelling a Sprint : [Scrum Guide], Scrum Values
質問 # 17
The relationship between the Product Owner and the Developers has degraded over time.
The Developers are growing increasingly angry with the Product Owner for changing the requirements all the time and not being available enough. The Product Owner is angry with the Developers for changing requirements during implementation. What guidance should the Scrum Master offer?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Ask each person's functional manager to instruct their employees that they must collaborate better, or be removed from the team.
- B. Ask for a project manager or other external resource to mediate and temporarily take over for the Product Owner.
- C. Address why requirements change during the Sprint Retrospective. Ask the Developers and the Product Owner to talk about why the requirements are changing and consider the impact on value during this discussion.
- D. Take everyone to a 2-day off-site event to relax and re-align. It is liberating to take people's minds away from work.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum, which includes helping the Scrum Team and the organization understand and enact Scrum values, principles, and practices. The Scrum Master should offer guidance that:
Addresses the root cause of the conflict, not just the symptoms or the consequences.
Empowers the Scrum Team to self-organize and collaborate effectively, without relying on external intervention or authority.
Fosters a culture of transparency, inspection, and adaptation, where feedback is welcomed and used to improve the product and the process.
Focuses on delivering value to the customer and meeting the Sprint Goal, not on following a fixed plan or satisfying individual preferences.
Therefore, the best option is to address why requirements change during the Sprint Retrospective, which is an event that allows the Scrum Team to inspect how they worked together and create a plan for improvements.
The Scrum Master should ask the Developers and the Product Owner to talk about why the requirements are changing and consider the impact on value during this discussion. This will help them understand each other's perspectives, clarify their expectations, and align their goals.
The other options are not appropriate because they:
Take everyone to a 2-day off-site event to relax and re-align (A), which may be a nice gesture, but does not solve the underlying problem or help the Scrum Team improve their collaboration skills. It may also be seen as a distraction or a reward for poor performance.
Ask each person's functional manager to instruct their employees that they must collaborate better, or be removed from the team (B), which undermines the self-organization and autonomy of the Scrum Team and introduces a threat of punishment that may damage trust and motivation. It also violates the Scrum value of respect and the principle of servant leadership.
Ask for a project manager or other external resource to mediate and temporarily take over for the Product Owner (D), which creates a dependency on an outsider who may not have the necessary knowledge, authority, or vision to manage the product. It also violates the Scrum role of the Product Owner and the principle of single-wringable-neck.
References: : [Scrum Guide], The Scrum Master : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint Retrospective : [Scrum Guide], The Product Owner : [Scrum Guide], The Developers : [Scrum Guide], Scrum Values
質問 # 18
If burndown charts are used to visualize progress, what does a trendline through a release burndown chart indicate?
- A. The evolution of the return of investment on the project.
The trendline is based on the team's average velocity and the projective completion to zero is based on the team's velocity. The burndown chart is a helpful tool for Development Teams to self-manage BUT it is not mandatory as the teams will decide the best way to manage their own progress and promote transparency. - B. When the work remaining is projected to be completed if nothing changes on the Product Backlog or Development Team.
- C. When the project will be over if the Product Owner removes work that is equal in effort to any new work that is added.
- D. When all work will be completed so the Scrum Team can start work on a new Product Backlog.
正解：B
質問 # 19
Which two statements best describe a Sprint Goal? (Choose two.)
- A. During the Sprint Planning, the entire Scrum Team collaboratively crafts a Sprint Goal based on a business objective that the Product Owner would like to achieve that Sprint.
- B. Sprint Goals are defined when the completed work is reviewed at the end of a Sprint.
- C. Sprint Goals can change as new insights emerge during the Sprint.
- D. Sprint Goals give the Development Teams flexibility and creativity on how to implement functionality during the Sprint.
正解：A、D
解説：
The number of items selected from the Product Backlog for the Sprint is solely up to the Development Team. Only the Development Team can assess what it can accomplish over the upcoming Sprint.
The Sprint Goal is an objective set for the Sprint that can be met through the implementation of Product Backlog. It provides guidance to the Development Team on why it is building the Increment. It is created during the Sprint Planning meeting. The Sprint Goal gives the Development Team some flexibility regarding the functionality implemented within the Sprint. The selected Product Backlog items deliver one coherent function, which can be the Sprint Goal. The Sprint Goal can be any other coherence that causes the Development Team to work together rather than on separate initiatives.
質問 # 20
At the end of the eighth Sprint, the internal sponsors are upset and angry with the progress of the product being built. The current state of the product is not as expected and will require additional Sprints and more budget than originally anticipated at the start of the project.
What factors may have led to this? (Choose three.)
- A. The scope changes have not been tracked adequately and the change request process has not been followed properly.
- B. The Product Owner has not been engaging with sponsors frequently enough and has not been kept aware of the overall progress of the project.
- C. The sponsors haven't been using the Sprint Reviews to actively engage, and inspect and evaluate progress.
- D. The Scrum Master has not ensured transparency.
- E. The stakeholders have not been using the Daily Scrum effectively to track the Development Team's progress.
- F. The project plan proposed to the sponsors at the start of the project followed stringently.
正解：B、C、D
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
One of the principles of agility includes working closely with business people. In order to manage stakeholder expectation, there must be open communication (through collaboration and transparency) throughout the project cycle. This maximizes alignment, helps with making business decisions, and reduces risk.
Although, the Scrum Guide does not directly state that the Scrum Master is responsible for ensuring transparency it is implicit. The Scrum Master is responsible for the process in which Scrum is adopted and enacted. Scrum is founded on empiricism and the Scrum Master helps those inside and outside the team work in an empirical environment which includes transparency (one of the three pillars of empiricism).
質問 # 21
You have just been hired as a Scrum Master by a company new to Scrum. The company wants to use Scrum to build a new product that was conceived by the product management department. You will be the Scrum Master of two new teams that will build a first version of the product. The product management department assigns two new Product Owners, but wants more advice about the required participation with the new Scrum Teams. Which two suggestions would you offer?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Each Scrum Team has a separate Product Backlog, holding each team's assigned requirements.
- B. Having one Product Owner will improve the clarity of accountability to the teams and to the product management department.
- C. A single Product Backlog should be maintained holding all requirements for the new product.
- D. Two Product Owners are necessary, one for each Scrum Team. They report to an overarching chief Product Owner.
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
A) Having one Product Owner will improve the clarity of accountability to the teams and to the product management department. This is a good suggestion, as it ensures that there is a single person who is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and managing the Product Backlog. Having one Product Owner also avoids confusion, duplication, or conflict among multiple Product Owners who may have different visions, priorities, or expectations for the product.
D) A single Product Backlog should be maintained holding all requirements for the new product. This is also a good suggestion, as it ensures that there is a single source of truth for the product requirements and that they are transparent and visible to all stakeholders. Having a single Product Backlog also enables the Product Owner to order the items based on their value, risk, dependency, and urgency, and to collaborate with the Scrum Teams to select and refine the items for each Sprint.
References:
The Scrum Guide, section 2.3 (The Scrum Team), page 7
The Scrum Guide, section 4.1 (The Product Backlog), page 11
The Scrum Master Learning Path, module 2 (The Scrum Framework), lesson 4 (Sprint Planning) and lesson 5 (The Sprint Review)
質問 # 22
What must the Development Team do during the first Sprint?
- A. Only design and develop the architecture and infrastructure.
- B. Create a potentially shippable product Increment that includes at least one piece of functionality.
- C. Create a project plan in order to map functional development to Sprint dates.
- D. Analyze and estimate the requirements for the subsequent Sprints.
正解：B
解説：
Sprints promote iterative and incremental development.
質問 # 23
During the Sprint Retrospective, the team is discussing the quality issues that prevented the team from delivering a releasable Increment at the end of the Sprint. The Development Team does, however, mention that they were able to achieve a high velocity.
What are the best two responses for Steven, their Scrum Master, to take? (Choose two.)
- A. Acknowledge the hard work but remind the Development Team that they need to improve in order to do even more in the next Sprint.
- B. Agree and acknowledge the Development Team's hard work, so they will be motivated to do even more in the next Sprint.
- C. Facilitate a discussion on how to improve the quality to a level high enough for the Increment to be releasable, even if the measured velocity drops in the next Sprint.
- D. Stress the value of working software over measured velocity.
正解：C、D
解説：
Scrum employs an iterative, incremental approach to optimize predictability and control risk. The primary objective of a Sprint (iteration) is to produce a potentially shippable product Increment. Having an Increment will allow the Scrum Team to know the right thing to do in the upcoming Sprint. Having a velocity is important but working software is the primary measure of progress.
質問 # 24
What would likely happen if management only changed the organization's current terminology to fit Scrum without the proper understanding and support of Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide?
- A. The organization may not realize the real benefits of Scrum as there would be no real change on the way the teams work.
- B. Organizations may feel less stressed as the behaviors would remain familiar to management.
- C. All answers apply.
- D. Very little change will happen as the vocabulary in Scrum is specifically defined for implementing Scrum.
正解：C
解説：
The defined terminology in Scrum was selected, designed, and defined specifically for supporting the Scrum Framework. Understanding the differences between traditional methods and the Scrum Framework will help move teams in the right direction in Scrum adoption.
質問 # 25
Which two statements are the most accurate in regards to scaling Scrum for large projects requiring multiple Scrum Teams? (Choose two.)
- A. Customizing the core Scrum framework is necessary to be successful with Scrum at large scale.
- B. A well-structured Product Backlog can minimize and often eliminate Development Team members working on multiple Scrum Teams during a Sprint.
- C. Team members must work full time on a single Scrum Team.
- D. A person focusing on the Sprint Backlog of a single Scrum Team is often more productive than that same person working on multiple Scrum Teams at the same time.
正解：B、D
解説：
A person or team working on a single problem at a time is typically more effective than one that is working on multiple problems congruently as they can fully focus and dedicate their energy to resolving the problem before moving to the next. Having a well-structured Product Backlog can help minimize dependencies and increase focus for each team.
質問 # 26
Which statement is FALSE in regards to the Sprint Goal?
- A. It is only a forecast and changes during the Sprint as more is learned.
- B. The Development Team commits to it.
- C. The Scrum Team discusses openly about alternative ways to reach it.
- D. If it doesn't seem achievable, the Development Team has the courage to tell the Product Owner.
- E. The Product Owner respects the Development Team's opinion on whether they can achieve it.
- F. It helps increase focus.
正解：A
解説：
The Sprint Goal is an objective set for the Sprint that can be met through the implementation of Product Backlog. It provides guidance to the Development Team on why it is building the Increment.
質問 # 27
What activities would a Product Owner do during an active Sprint?
- A. Prioritize the Sprint Backlog.
- B. Participate at the Daily Scrum.
- C. Engage with the stakeholders and answer Question:s from the Development Team.
- D. Update the burndown chart.
正解：C
質問 # 28
According to the values of Scrum, which is the best way to create Development Teams?
- A. Work with the leadership team to allocate members according to skills, seniority and experience to ensure that all Development Teams are balanced fairly.
- B. Provide boundaries to the developers and allow them to self-organize into Development Teams.
- C. The Product Owner will create a skills matrix according to what is needed for the project and work with the technical leads to allocate resources to the team.
正解：B
解説：
When the values of commitment, courage, focus, openness and respect are embodied and lived by the Scrum Team, the Scrum pillars of transparency, inspection, and adaptation come to life and build trust for everyone and self- organizing teams will be enabled to choose how best to accomplish their work.
質問 # 29
Paul is a Product Owner for multiple products. Each product is allocated a dedicated Scrum Team and a set budget. Based on the average velocity of a previous product release, Paul had estimated a new product to take
9 Sprints to complete. The average velocity of the previous product release was 50 completed units of work per Sprint. Over the first 3 Sprints, the Development Team reported an average velocity of 40 completed units per Sprint, while not fully completing the required integration tests. The Development Team estimates that integration testing would require additional effort to make the increments shippable. The Development Team is unsure if the required velocity is achievable.
What is the most effective way to recover?
- A. In the next Sprints, the Development Team strives to make the selected work as close to 'done' as possible and at the minimum 90% completed. Any undone work is divided into new Product Backlog Items that will be deferred to the last Sprint in order to maintain stable velocity.
- B. The Scrum Master will manage the Sprint Backlog and assign work to the Development Team members to ensure maximum utilization of each member. He/she will keep track of unused resources so that it does not impact the budget. Unused budget can be allocated for additional Sprints if needed.
- C. The Scrum Master sets the open work aside to be performed in one or more release Sprints. They remind Paul to find funding for enough Release Sprints in which this remaining work can be done. Up to one release Sprint per three development Sprints may be required. It is Paul's role to inform users and stakeholders of the impact on the release date.
- D. The Development Team informs Paul that the progress he has perceived to date is not correct. The Increment is not releasable. They give Paul their estimate of the effort it would take to get the previous work
'done', and suggest doing that work first before proceeding with new features. The team also re-estimates the effort to make the remaining Product Backlog items 'done', including all integration effort. In the end, it is Paul's call to continue the project or to cancel.
正解：D
解説：
Scrum is founded on empirical process control and asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known. Scrum employs an iterative, incremental approach to optimize predictability and control risk. At the end of every Sprint, an increment of 'done' work must be available in order to inspect and adapt accordingly.
質問 # 30
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