2023年最新の有効なPSM-II試験最新問題で2023年最新の学習ガイド
PSM-II認定で究極のガイド [2023年更新]
質問 # 40
What would be two boundaries, defined in Scrum, that give guidance for teams to effectively self-organize? (Choose two.)
- A. Clearly defined functional teams within the Development Team to define handoff phases during development.
- B. Having a mixture of different levels of skills and experience to promote domain knowledge sharing.
- C. Creating an integrated and potentially shippable Increment by the end of each Sprint.
- D. Timeboxing the events in Scrum to allow for regular inspection and adaptation creating opportunities to adjust course in any given path.
正解：C、D
解説：
Time-boxing promotes regularity and focus for self-organized teams. Having shippable Increments allows teams to collaboratively make decisions on what needs to be done next.
質問 # 41
The Development Team can cancel the Sprint:
- A. When the Sprint Backlog is determined to be unachievable.
- B. When the availability of the Product Owner is less than expected.
- C. It can't. Only Product Owners can cancel Sprints.
- D. When too many impediments occur.
- E. When the requirements for the work to be done become unclear or not understood.
正解：C
質問 # 42
Eight months ago your company started developing a new product consisting ot several major components.
You are the Scrum Master on the team building the "core" component of the product; your component also integrates all the other components.
The Scrum Teams work in monthly Sprints, and the team has forecast that it will deliver the integrated product in three Sprints. Recently the team's progress slowed because of changes to the other components that they integrate. The program manager is extremely upset when they find out that the team will need two more Sprints. The project managers of the other components confirm their adherence to the original forecast.
As a Scrum Master, what could you do to help the Product Owner?
(choose the best answer)
- A. You lengthen your Sprints to accommodate the delays.
- B. You remove all items from the Product Backlog tor which development is forecast to be beyond the expected date.
- C. You suggest working with the program manager and the project managers of the other components on the ordering and the value of your open Product Backlog items to redefine the possible delivery date.
- D. You calculate how many additional developers it would take to increase velocity to make the original date. You inform the program manager of the additional budget for these developers. This would then allow meeting the original forecast
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
As a Scrum Master, you could help the Product Owner by suggesting working with the program manager and the project managers of the other components on the ordering and the value of your open Product Backlog items to redefine the possible delivery date. This would allow you to collaborate with the stakeholders and align on the expectations and priorities of the product. You could also inspect and adapt your integration process and communication channels with the other teams to minimize the impact of changes and dependencies.
References:
The Scrum Guide 2020, section "The Scrum Master"
The Scrum Master Learning Path, module "The Scrum Master as a Coach"
The Professional Scrum Master II Course, topic "Stakeholder Management"
質問 # 43
During the Sprint Retrospective, the team is discussing the quality issues that prevented the team from delivering a releasable Increment at the end of the Sprint. The Development Team does, however, mention that they were able to achieve a high velocity.
What are the best two responses for Steven, their Scrum Master, to take? (Choose two.)
- A. Facilitate a discussion on how to improve the quality to a level high enough for the Increment to be releasable, even if the measured velocity drops in the next Sprint.
- B. Acknowledge the hard work but remind the Development Team that they need to improve in order to do even more in the next Sprint.
- C. Stress the value of working software over measured velocity.
- D. Agree and acknowledge the Development Team's hard work, so they will be motivated to do even more in the next Sprint.
正解：A、C
解説：
Scrum employs an iterative, incremental approach to optimize predictability and control risk. The primary objective of a Sprint (iteration) is to produce a potentially shippable product Increment. Having an Increment will allow the Scrum Team to know the right thing to do in the upcoming Sprint. Having a velocity is important but working software is the primary measure of progress.
質問 # 44
A Scrum Team has been using the Daily Scrum to report Sprint progress to the Product Owner, because the Product Owner wants to track what every Developer is working on every day. What is the best thing for the Scrum Master to do?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Nothing. The Product Owner can continue to track progress at the Daily Scrum.
- B. Start attending the Daily Scrum so that whenever the Developers have a conflict with the Product Owner, the Scrum Master can resolve the conflict
- C. Ask the Product Owner to stop attending the Daily Scrum.
- D. Coach the Product Owner and the Developers on the purpose of Scrum events and let them figure out how to deal with this situation.
正解：D
解説：
This is the best answer because it is consistent with the Scrum Master's accountability to educate and coach the Scrum Team and the organization on the Scrum framework and its principles12. By coaching the Product Owner and the Developers on the purpose of Scrum events, the Scrum Master can help them understand that the Daily Scrum is not a status report or a performance review, but a time to inspect and adapt their progress toward the Sprint Goal34. By letting them figure out how to deal with this situation, the Scrum Master can also respect and enable their self-organization and collaboration12.
質問 # 45
Who determines how to do the work during the Sprint?
- A. The Scrum Master.
- B. The engineering director.
- C. The Team Leads.
- D. The Technical Architects.
- E. The Development Team.
正解：E
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
質問 # 46
On a project where multiple Scrum Teams are working from the same Product Backlog, how should the work be distributed between teams?
- A. The Development Teams pull in work from a shared Product Backlog in agreement with the Product Owner and the other teams.
- B. Each Scrum Team must have an equal amount of User Stories per Sprint.
- C. The Product Owner separates the Product Backlog items for each team.
- D. The Scrum Team with the highest capacity will pull items from the Product Backlog first.
正解：A
解説：
During Sprint Planning the number of items selected from the Product Backlog for the Sprint is solely up to the Development Team regardless of the number of Development Teams working from the same Product Backlog. Only the Development Team can assess what it can accomplish over the upcoming Sprint.
質問 # 47
An important aspect of Scrum are timeboxes. Select two ways in which timeboxing reinforces the creation of value.
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Timeboxing assures that a Product Owner does not interrupt the Developers during a Sprint.
- B. Timeboxes help everyone focus on the same problem at the same time.
- C. Timeboxes encourage the people who are closest to the problem to create the best possible result in the time allotted, given the current context.
- D. Scrum Teams can determine on their own how much overtime is acceptable for a timebox- generally expressed as a percentage of the timebox.
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
C) Timeboxes encourage the people who are closest to the problem to create the best possible result in the time allotted, given the current context.
This is true because timeboxes limit the amount of time that can be spent on an activity, which forces the Scrum Team to focus on the most valuable and feasible outcomes. Timeboxes also empower the Scrum Team to make decisions based on their own expertise and experience, rather than relying on external authorities or instructions12.
D) Timeboxes help everyone focus on the same problem at the same time.
This is true because timeboxes create a shared sense of urgency and alignment among the Scrum Team and the stakeholders. Timeboxes also enable frequent feedback and inspection, which help the Scrum Team adapt to changing requirements and expectations12.
References: 1: What Is Timeboxing in Scrum? - Visual Paradigm 2: What Is Timeboxing in Scrum and What Are the Benefits? Scrum Alliance
質問 # 48
Steven is a Scrum Master employed by the engineering department. The Director of Engineering considers using Scrum for a new project but wonders about the value of having all of the Development Team members attend the Daily Scrum. He is concerned that the employees already attend a lot of mandatory company meetings.
What are two outcomes of the Daily Scrum that Steven should explain on why the Daily Scrum is important? (Choose two.)
- A. During the Daily Scrum the members of the Development Team will inform of problems that are hindering their progress, and for which they have no means to resolve. They will inform Steven as a Scrum Master, so he can remove the impediments and help the team be more productive.
- B. Through the short, daily alignment of the Daily Scrum the members of the Development Team grow and improve a shared understanding of the most important work to be undertaken in the next 24 hours to achieve the best possible progress toward the Sprint Goal. This daily opportunity to inspect and adapt will enable the Development Team to best tackle any unforeseen circumstances that might otherwise disrupt the team's progress.
- C. The Daily Scrum serves for the Development Team to report to Steven, as a Scrum Master, all updates on the assigned tasks in the Sprint Backlog. He can then use the team's updates to plan their work for the next day, making sure that every team member is assigned the right tasks.
- D. During the Daily Scrum, the Development Team needs to update the Scrum board with their current status and progress, at a task level. This is crucial to ensure that the Directory of Engineering knows the team's actual progress and control the work being done.
- E. The Development Team members will produce a daily status report indicating how much time was spent working on individual tasks since the last Daily Scrum. The reports will help in discussing how the Sprint went at the Sprint Review meeting. It will provide detailed insights into the accuracy of estimates versus actual time spent, which can be used to create better estimates at the next Sprint Planning.
正解：A、B
解説：
The Development Team uses the Daily Scrum to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and to inspect how progress is trending toward completing the work in the Sprint Backlog. The Daily Scrum optimizes the probability that the Development Team will meet the Sprint Goal. Every day, the Development Team should understand how it intends to work together as a self-organizing team to accomplish the Sprint Goal and create the anticipated Increment by the end of the Sprint.
質問 # 49
A new member has just joined an existing Development Team that has been together for several Sprints. During the Sprint, the individual has been trying to share his ideas and viewpoints but is continuously ignored by the rest of the Development Team.
Which three Scrum Values has the Development Team been neglecting? (Choose three.)
- A. Respect
- B. Courage
- C. Openness
- D. Transparency
- E. Focus
- F. Commitment
正解：A、B、C
解説：
The Scrum Team members have courage to do the right thing and work on challenging problems. The Scrum Team agree to be open (to speak and listen) about all the work and the challenges with performing the work. Scrum Team members respect each other's skills, experience, and opinions.
質問 # 50
What would be the best two ways to identify that a Development Team is self-organizing? (Choose two.)
- A. The Development Team members are cross-functional and knows what it needs to do to deliver the all tasks committed to the Sprint Planning.
- B. The Development Team is able to resolve internal conflicts between members in order to continue working.
- C. Creativity thrives and new possibilities are explored.
- D. Management is able to know which members are working on which items.
正解：B、C
解説：
In self-organized teams creativity thrives, conflicts can be resolved, and new possibilities are explored.
質問 # 51
Which role is responsible for engaging with stakeholders?
- A. The team lead
- B. The business analyst
- C. The Development Team
- D. The Product Owner
- E. The project manager
正解：D
質問 # 52
Steven is a Scrum Master of a Scrum Team that is new to Scrum. At the halfway point of the Sprint, the Product Owner comes to Steven telling him that he is concerned the Development Team will not be able to complete the entire Sprint Backlog by the end of the Sprint.
What should Steven do in this situation?
- A. Motivate the Development Team to meet their commitment to the Product Owner.
- B. Add more people to the Development Team to meet the Product Owner's expectations.
- C. Advise the Product Owner that the Development Team owns the Sprint Backlog and it is up to them to meet their commitments. No one tells the Development Team how to turn Product Backlog into Increments of potentially releasable functionality.
- D. Coach the Product Owner that with complex software development, you cannot promise the entire scope that was forecast during Sprint Planning. As more is learned during the Sprint, work may emerge that affects the Sprint Backlog.
正解：D
解説：
Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory, or empiricism. Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known. The Sprint Backlog is a forecast by the Development Team about what functionality will be in the next Increment and the work needed to deliver that functionality into a 'Done' Increment. The Development Team modifies the Sprint Backlog throughout the Sprint, and the Sprint Backlog emerges during the Sprint. This emergence occurs as the Development Team works through the plan and learns more about the work needed to achieve the Sprint Goal.
Why C is incorrect:
a) The Dev Team does not commit to finishing all items in the Sprint Backlog. Committing to completing all items would be fixed scope and fixed time leaving no room to adapt. They commit to the Sprint Goal and doing the right thing.
b) It's also incorrect for the PO to focus on completing the entire Sprint Backlog. Finishing everything should not be his main focus. Having a shippable increment that meets the Sprint Goal is more important than trying to finish everything. The advice in option C is equivalent to "Don't worry, they'll get everything done." but because of the complex domain, you cannot guarantee everything will get done.
質問 # 53
What action can the Scrum Master take to ensure communication between the Development Team and Product Owner is effective?
- A. Ensure all communication goes through the Scrum Master first.
- B. Observe the communications between them and facilitate discussions if needed or by request.
- C. Translate the technologies used by the Development Team in order for the Product Owner to make decisions.
- D. Teach the Product Owner to talk in terms of technology and technical requirements.
正解：B
解説：
One of the primary responsibilities of a Scrum Master is the ability to facilitate regardless of the context or setting.
質問 # 54
An organization is planning to form five new Scrum Teams to work on building a single product. A few of the future team members ask the Scrum Master who will coordinate the work between the different Scrum Teams.
What action should the Scrum Master take?
- A. Visit the five Development Teams daily to ensure alignment and that all Sprint Backlogs remain synchronized.
- B. Teach the Product Owner to work with the technical leads on ordering Product Backlog in a way to avoid too much technical and development overlap during a Sprint.
- C. At the end of Sprint Planning, collect all Sprint tasks and create a consolidated plan for the entire Sprint.
- D. Teach them that it is their responsibility to form the teams such that each team will have the necessary skills, knowledge, and competencies to create an integrated Increment by the end of every Sprint.
- E. Advise the teams to minimize dependencies by working on separate development branches and integrate at the end of four Sprint cycles.
正解：D
解説：
Development Teams are structured and empowered by the organization to organize and manage their own work. This includes deciding how to form teams when multiple teams are needed. The resulting synergy optimizes the Development Team's overall efficiency and effectiveness. They are self-organizing. No one (not even the Scrum Master) tells the Development Team how to turn Product Backlog into Increments of potentially releasable functionality.
質問 # 55
You have a Scrum Team that has been working together for over a year. The Development Team consists of eleven members who rarely collaborate and work within their functional boundaries. There are no Sprint Goals and most of the items in the Sprint Backlog are unrelated. The Scrum Team has concluded that it is not possible to create Sprint Goals based on the items in the Product Backlog.
What might explain why the Scrum Team is finding it difficult to craft Sprint Goals? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. The Product Owner is not empowered to make decisions about items in the Product Backlog nor how they are ordered.
- B. The Sprints are too long.
- C. The Product Owner doesn't set objectives that he/she wants to achieve with upcoming Sprints.
- D. The Development Team is too big.
- E. Scrum might not be the best framework for this team.
正解：A、C、E
解説：
Many people misinterpret the Scrum Guide as stating the Development Team size is limited to 3-9 members.
In reality, it only states that there is inherent risk attached to having less than 3 members and more than 9 members. As the number of members increases, the lines of communication also increase. This can be calculated using the Group intercommunication formula: n(n - 1) / 2 where n is the number of members.
Some teams are able to handle the risk and "synergize" whereas others might struggle. Saying that, the relationship between defining a Sprint Goal and Development Team size is unclear.
But the relationship between the ordering of the Product Backlog, the PO having clear objectives, and the Sprint Goal are direct. The Product Owner typically comes to the Sprint Planning with a business objective in mind and Product Backlog items related to the business objective. After deciding what can be done for the upcoming Sprint, the Scrum Team will craft a Sprint Goal that would be met through the implementation of the items. This is not dependent on the size of the team nor length of the Sprint.
Scrum is also a framework that's fit for purpose. Some projects/products are not fit for Scrum... or, better stated, Scrum is not suitable for all projects/products.
質問 # 56
You have been hired as a Scrum Master for a company that has been doing business for over fifty years. In order to stay competitive, they have started an initiative to digitize their legacy systems. The company has several Scrum Teams working on different components that will be integrated to a single back office platform.
Your team is responsible for building the back office platform and integrating all other components. The Scrum Teams work in two week Sprints and are expected to deliver all functionality in six Sprints.
During development the requirement changes in the other components have been slowing down your team's progress. Because of these changes, your team has estimated that they will not be able to deliver all expected work within the original timeframe. The Scrum Teams working on the other components confirm that they are still on track to meet the expected delivery date. The program manager in charge of the digitization initiative is upset and angry with your team.
As a Scrum Master, what could you do to help the Product Owner?
- A. You remove all items from the Product Backlog for which development is forecasted to be beyond the expected date. These are likely to be low value anyhow.
- B. You shorten your team's Sprints to be ready sooner.
- C. You suggest adding additional developers to the team in order to increase velocity and meet the original date.
- D. You suggest working with the program manager and the other teams on the ordering and the value of your team's open Product Backlog items to redefine the possible delivery date.
正解：D
解説：
The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner in several ways, including:
* Finding techniques for effective Product Backlog management;
* Helping the Scrum Team understand the need for clear and concise Product Backlog items;
* Understanding product planning in an empirical environment;
* Ensuring the Product Owner knows how to arrange the Product Backlog to maximize value.
質問 # 57
Steven is a Scrum Master that was hired to help an organization, that is new to Scrum, understands and enacts Scrum effectively.
Which three activities would be acceptable? (Choose three.)
- A. Arrange 1:1 coaching sessions to discuss any identified concerns Steven may have.
- B. Require all teams in the organization to start using Scrum as soon as possible.
- C. Educate stakeholders and clients about Scrum.
- D. Schedule formal trainings.
- E. Penalize any Scrum Team members who are not staying within the Scrum Framework.
- F. Extend Retrospectives to include formal training.
正解：A、C、D
解説：
The Scrum Master serves the organization in several ways, including: Leading and coaching the organization in its Scrum adoption; Planning Scrum implementations within the organization; Helping employees and stakeholders understand and enact Scrum and empirical product development.
質問 # 58
A high performing Scrum Team will have frequent Release Sprints.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
There are no special Sprints. All Sprints are structured to produce potentially shippable product Increments.
質問 # 59
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