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Scrum PSM-II 認定試験の出題範囲：
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| トピック 2 |
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| トピック 3 |
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| トピック 4 |
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| トピック 5 |
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PSM II試験は、高度なScrumの概念、Scrumの理論と原則、Scrumのイベント、Scrumの成果物など、幅広いトピックをカバーしています。この試験はまた、複雑な組織構造の取り扱い、ステークホルダーの管理、Scrumチームのリードなど、現実世界でのScrumの適用能力を評価します。
質問 # 23
You are the Scrum Master of a Scrum Team that has one Developer who disagrees with team decisions. Their disagreements are becoming disruptive and slowing progress. The Developer often returns to earlier team decisions and re-opens the issue.
What are two ways to go about this problem?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. You take the Developer aside to express your concern over their disagreements and tell them to act as a team player and to comply with the team's decision.
- B. To every team member expressing this concern you suggest raising this with the full team. You offer to help initiate the conversation but not to resolve the concern yourself.
- C. You organize an offsite team building activity to establish a foundation of trust. You observe whether the problem persists after the offsite activity.
- D. At the Sprint Retrospective you observe whether the topic is raised. If it does not happen, you check on how comfortable everybody is with the way team decisions are made.
- E. You go to the Human Resources department and ask them to have a
conversation with the Developer based on the issues the team has raised.
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
A: You organize an offsite team building activity to establish a foundation of trust. You observe whether the problem persists after the offsite activity. This is a good way to foster a positive team culture and improve the relationships among the team members. The offsite activity can help the team to have fun, relax, and bond with each other. It can also create an opportunity for the team to discuss their issues and concerns in a more informal and friendly setting. The Scrum Master can observe whether the problem of disagreement is resolved or reduced after the offsite activity, and provide feedback and support as needed.
E: To every team member expressing this concern you suggest raising this with the full team. You offer to help initiate the conversation but not to resolve the concern yourself. This is a good way to empower the team to address their own problems and find their own solutions. The Scrum Master can encourage the team members to speak up and share their perspectives and feelings with the whole team, rather than keeping them to themselves or complaining to others. The Scrum Master can also facilitate the conversation and ensure that it is respectful, constructive, and productive, but not intervene or impose their own opinion or decision.
References:
Scrum Guide 2020, page 13: "The Scrum Master serves the Scrum Team in several ways, including coaching the team members in self-management and cross-functionality." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 20: "The Scrum Master can help the team to build trust by creating a safe environment where people can express themselves openly and honestly, without fear of judgment or retaliation." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 21: "The Scrum Master can help the team to resolve conflicts by facilitating dialogue, listening actively, asking powerful questions, and supporting collaborative decision making."
質問 # 24
Which statement best describes the responsibility of the Product Owner?
- A. Optimizing the value of the work the Development Team does.
- B. Managing the Development Team.
- C. Acting as the go-between for the stakeholders.
- D. Ensuring that the work meets the commitments to the stakeholders.
正解：A
解説：
The Product Owner is accountable for the flow of value that the Development Team selects to work on.
質問 # 25
Scrum promotes self-organization.
Which of these statements would NOT support self-organizing?
- A. The Development Team deciding what work to do in a Sprint.
- B. Removing titles for Development Team members.
- C. Removing the need for documentation.
- D. Being a lightweight framework.
正解：C
質問 # 26
Technical Debt can lead to false assumptions about the current state of the system and the Increment reviewed at the end of the Sprint.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Explanation:
Technical debt is any shortcomings in the code. It is a natural by-product of software development (unavoidable) and can at best be managed. If neglected, it will compound and have a negative effect on the team's ability to the deliver value. A team can have an artificially high velocity by taking shortcuts or introducing technical, debt into the system. This can give a false assumption about the current state of the product. It can look good on the surface but underneath can be a mess.
質問 # 27
During the Sprint, the Development Team realizes they might not be able to finish all of the items in the Sprint Backlog.
What should happen?
- A. Product Backlog items are either 'done' or 'not done.' This helps with transparency, reduces complexity and allows for improved empiricism.
- B. Continue Sprinting until the work is complete and redefine a new Sprint time-box based on the results of the current Sprint.
- C. The Sprint length holds and the Development Team continuously learns what is actually possible to do within the time-box.
正解：C
質問 # 28
A Development Team member has notified the Scrum Master of a potential data security risk.
What action should the Scrum Master take?
- A. Wait until the Sprint Retrospective to add security to the definition of "Done".
- B. Notify the test team.
- C. Add a Product Backlog item to address the security issue.
- D. Ask the Development Team member to share the issue with the team as soon as possible.
正解：D
解説：
It is best to coach the Development Team members to collaborate on issues regardless of severity. They may consult the Scrum Master of Product Owner if needed.
質問 # 29
You have just been hired as a Scrum Master by a company new to Scrum. The company wants to use Scrum to build a new product that was conceived by the product management department. You will be the Scrum Master of two new teams that will build a first version of the product. The product management department assigns two new Product Owners, but wants more advice about the required participation with the new Scrum Teams. Which two suggestions would you offer?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Two Product Owners are necessary, one for each Scrum Team. They report to an overarching chief Product Owner.
- B. Each Scrum Team has a separate Product Backlog, holding each team's assigned requirements.
- C. Having one Product Owner will improve the clarity of accountability to the teams and to the product management department.
- D. A single Product Backlog should be maintained holding all requirements for the new product.
正解：C、D
解説：
Explanation
A) Having one Product Owner will improve the clarity of accountability to the teams and to the product management department. This is a good suggestion, as it ensures that there is a single person who is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and managing the Product Backlog. Having one Product Owner also avoids confusion, duplication, or conflict among multiple Product Owners who may have different visions, priorities, or expectations for the product.
D) A single Product Backlog should be maintained holding all requirements for the new product. This is also a good suggestion, as it ensures that there is a single source of truth for the product requirements and that they are transparent and visible to all stakeholders. Having a single Product Backlog also enables the Product Owner to order the items based on their value, risk, dependency, and urgency, and to collaborate with the Scrum Teams to select and refine the items for each Sprint.
References:
The Scrum Guide, section 2.3 (The Scrum Team), page 7
The Scrum Guide, section 4.1 (The Product Backlog), page 11
The Scrum Master Learning Path, module 2 (The Scrum Framework), lesson 4 (Sprint Planning) and lesson 5 (The Sprint Review)
質問 # 30
In Scrum, how would budgeting and financial forecasting be performed? (Choose two.)
- A. Budgeting is not necessary as the only funding necessary is the operational costs of the Scrum Teams.
- B. A single release may be funded with several Sprints where every Sprint is producing shippable increments.
- C. Frequently inspect the outcomes of the delivered Sprint Increments to understand how much value is being produced per investment spent.
- D. Fixed budgets are not allowed in Scrum.
正解：B、C
解説：
The cost of developing, delivering, and sustaining products can impact how the flow of value is managed throughout the life of a product. Each Sprint is an opportunity to inspect the investment (financial, time, effort, etc.) against the returned value (customer satisfaction, revenue, etc.) of the work that has been delivered. The team can then decide on what it should do next to maximize the value of the investment.
質問 # 31
How should a Scrum Master divide a group of 100 people into multiple Development Teams?
- A. Have the resource manager assign the people to teams.
- B. Ask the developers to divide themselves into teams.
- C. Create teams based on their functional layer.
正解：B
解説：
A good first Question : for you to suggest the group thinking about when forming into teams is "How will we make sure all teams have the right amount of expertise?"
質問 # 32
What would likely happen if management only changed the organization's current terminology to fit Scrum without the proper understanding and support of Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide?
- A. Very little change will happen as the vocabulary in Scrum is specifically defined for implementing Scrum.
- B. All answers apply.
- C. Organizations may feel less stressed as the behaviors would remain familiar to management.
- D. The organization may not realize the real benefits of Scrum as there would be no real change on the way the teams work.
正解：B
解説：
The defined terminology in Scrum was selected, designed, and defined specifically for supporting the Scrum Framework. Understanding the differences between traditional methods and the Scrum Framework will help move teams in the right direction in Scrum adoption.
質問 # 33
During the Sprint Review of a scaled development effort, each Scrum Team should demonstrate its individual Increment in a separate branch of the code.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
If there are multiple Scrum Teams working on the system or product release, the Development Teams on all the Scrum Teams must mutually define the definition of "Done". Each Increment is additive to all prior Increments and thoroughly tested, ensuring that all Increments work together.
質問 # 34
You are the Scrum Master for a Scrum Team whose Daily Scrum is scheduled to start at 10:00 each day.
Developers routinely turn up late, and once everyone has assembled, the Daily Scrum starts. By then it is typically 4 to 5 minutes later than scheduled. Other meetings in the organization typically allow 4 to 5 minutes for people to transport within the building.
Some Developers complain that it is now hard to achieve the purpose of the Daily Scrum within the timebox, since there is only 10 or 11 minutes left after waiting for people to show up. The Developers ask for your advice.
(choose the best answer)
- A. You turn the question back to the Developers and ask what they think should be done to ensure their Daily Scrum is effective and meets its purpose.
- B. You suggest that when someone shows up late they cannot join that day's Daily Scrum.
- C. You escalate this issue to management since you are responsible for ensuring Scrum is understood and enacted.
- D. You suggest an experiment: moving the event to a time that better suits the team.
- E. To incentivize showing up on time, you tell the Developers that when people come late to the Daily Scrum, they will pay a small fee.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
This is the best answer because it empowers the Developers to take ownership of their own process and find a solution that works for them. The Scrum Master can facilitate the discussion and help the Developers understand the value and importance of the Daily Scrum, but not impose or dictate any specific action or rule.
The Scrum Master can also support the Developers in conducting an experiment and evaluating the results, if they decide to do so.
References:
Scrum Guide 2020, page 13: "The Scrum Master serves the Scrum Team in several ways, including coaching the team members in self-management and cross-functionality." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 14: "The Daily Scrum is a key opportunity for inspection and adaptation at the team level. It helps the team to synchronize their work, identify impediments, and collaborate on solutions." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 21: "The Scrum Master can help the team to resolve conflicts by facilitating dialogue, listening actively, asking powerful questions, and supporting collaborative decision making."
質問 # 35
A key concern when multiple Development Teams are working for the same Product Backlog is minimizing dependencies between teams.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：B
解説：
Minimizing dependencies reduces complexity and enhances agility.
質問 # 36
Which two statements are true regarding the nature of large-scale product development with Scrum?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Changes to the core Scrum framework are needed to be successful with Scrum at large scale.
- B. A well-structured Product Backlog can minimize and often eliminate Developers working on multiple Scrum Teams during a Sprint.
- C. Scrum Team members must be working full time on a team.
- D. A person working on multiple Scrum Teams at the same time is often less productive than when that person can focus on the Sprint Backlog of a single Scrum Team.
正解：B、D
解説：
Explanation
According to the Large-Scale Scrum (LeSS) framework, one of the principles for scaling agile development is to descale the organization, which means simplifying the structure and reducing dependencies and handoffs. A well-structured Product Backlog can help achieve this by enabling feature teams, which are cross-functional and cross-component teams that can deliver a complete customer-centric feature. Feature teams minimize and often eliminate Developers working on multiple Scrum Teams during a Sprint, as they can focus on one Product Backlog item at a time. This also improves productivity, quality, and learning, as Developers can avoid context switching and multitasking, which are known to reduce efficiency and effectiveness. A person working on multiple Scrum Teams at the same time is often less productive than when that person can focus on the Sprint Backlog of a single Scrum Team.
The Large-Scale Scrum (LeSS) framework also states that Scrum does not change when scaling up to multiple teams. The core Scrum framework remains intact, with one Product Owner, one Product Backlog, and potentially releasable Increments every Sprint. The only changes are adding a few coordination practices to cope with the increased complexity and interdependencies. Therefore, changes to the core Scrum framework are not needed to be successful with Scrum at large scale.
Scrum Team members do not have to be working full time on a team, as long as they are committed to the Sprint Goal and deliver a Done Increment every Sprint. However, it is recommended that they spend as much time as possible with their team, as this fosters collaboration, communication, and alignment.
References:
The Large-Scale Scrum (LeSS) framework | Atlassian, accessed on September 30, 2023 Overview - Large Scale Scrum (LeSS), accessed on September 30, 2023 Practices for Scaling Lean & Agile Development: Large, Multisite, and Offshore Product Development with Large-Scale Scrum, Craig Larman and Bas Vodde, 2010 Leading Large Scale Product Development with Large-Scale Scrum (LeSS), Kamlesh Ravlani, 2015
質問 # 37
What factors are best considered when defining the Sprint length?
- A. How often team membership changes and the size of the Development Team.
- B. Having consistent Sprint length across all Scrum Teams.
- C. The level of expertise over the technology to be used, ability to release an Increment to the end users, and the risk of being disconnected from the stakeholders.
正解：C
質問 # 38
Which of these tools is mandatory for the Product Owner to use?
- A. Project Gantt chart.
- B. Burndown chart.
- C. Release burnup chart.
- D. Version control.
- E. None of the above.
正解：E
解説：
The Product Owner can use any tool, method or practice that he/she finds fit in order for him/her to make the best decisions possible.
質問 # 39
A Scrum Team has requested a hardening Sprint to integrate the work produced in previous Sprints and test before releasing.
What three scenarios has likely occurred? (Choose three.)
- A. Hardening Sprints are supported by the Scrum framework so this is acceptable.
- B. Scrum has been customized in a suitable manner to make the previous work releasable.
- C. The team's Definition of Done is weak or incomplete causing a build up of technical debt.
- D. The team's Definition of Done is not being adhered to during every Sprint.
- E. The Development Team is having difficulties with the ability to regularly release during a Sprint.
正解：C、D、E
解説：
At the end of a Sprint, the new Increment must be 'Done', which means it must be in useable condition and meet the Scrum Team's Definition of Done.
質問 # 40
A new Product Owner is hired to work on an existing product that has ongoing for five Sprints. He/she is unsure about all of the responsibilities of a Product Owner.
Which of these Product Owner's activities are defined in Scrum?
- A. Ensuring work is completed within scope and time.
- B. Writing User Stories.
- C. Describing features as Use Cases.
- D. Interacting with stakeholders and ensuring that the most valuable functionality is always produced first.
正解：D
質問 # 41
Eight months ago your company started developing a new product consisting ot several major components.
You are the Scrum Master on the team building the "core" component of the product; your component also integrates all the other components.
The Scrum Teams work in monthly Sprints, and the team has forecast that it will deliver the integrated product in three Sprints. Recently the team's progress slowed because of changes to the other components that they integrate. The program manager is extremely upset when they find out that the team will need two more Sprints. The project managers of the other components confirm their adherence to the original forecast.
As a Scrum Master, what could you do to help the Product Owner?
(choose the best answer)
- A. You calculate how many additional developers it would take to increase velocity to make the original date. You inform the program manager of the additional budget for these developers. This would then allow meeting the original forecast
- B. You suggest working with the program manager and the project managers of the other components on the ordering and the value of your open Product Backlog items to redefine the possible delivery date.
- C. You lengthen your Sprints to accommodate the delays.
- D. You remove all items from the Product Backlog tor which development is forecast to be beyond the expected date.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
As a Scrum Master, you could help the Product Owner by suggesting working with the program manager and the project managers of the other components on the ordering and the value of your open Product Backlog items to redefine the possible delivery date. This would allow you to collaborate with the stakeholders and align on the expectations and priorities of the product. You could also inspect and adapt your integration process and communication channels with the other teams to minimize the impact of changes and dependencies.
References:
The Scrum Guide 2020, section "The Scrum Master"
The Scrum Master Learning Path, module "The Scrum Master as a Coach"
The Professional Scrum Master II Course, topic "Stakeholder Management"
質問 # 42
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