[2025年03月] 最新のProfessional Scrum with Kanban PSK-I試験解答豪華セット問題集
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質問 # 44
A Service Level Expectation (SLE) forecast is a calculation about the future completion of an item that includes two things. What are those two things?
(Choose the best two answers)
- A. A probability.
- B. A range of elapsed days.
- C. A commitment.
- D. A velocity.
正解：A、B
解説：
An SLE indicates the expected time frame within which work items should be completed, expressed as a percentage probability over a specific range of days. This helps Scrum Teams using Kanban to establish realistic expectations about delivery timelines. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 45
Which of these statements about Sprints and Kanban is NOT correct?
- A. The Sprint is an example of a cadence.
- B. A Scrum Team will eventually stop using Sprints if they correctly implement Kanban.
- C. The Sprint is an example of an explicit policy for how a team is working.
- D. The Sprint is an example of limiting Work in Progress (WIP).
正解：B
解説：
Sprints remain a core aspect of the Scrum framework, regardless of the use of Kanban. Sprints provide a time- boxed cadence and structure that is integral to Scrum. The addition of Kanban practices enhances Scrum but does not replace the need for Sprints. References: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 46
According to Little's Law, which of the following statements is true if a team reduces its Work in Progress (WIP) limit? (choose the best two answers)
- A. Value of each backlog item completed likely will go up.
- B. Quality of work completed will likely increase.
- C. In a given time period, the average number of Product Backlog items (throughput) completed will likely increase.
- D. Average time between starting and finishing (cycle time) of Product Backlog items will likely decrease.
正解：C、D
質問 # 47
What is the potential benefit of limiting Work in Progress (WIP)?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Faster realization of value.
- B. Shorter feedback cycles.
- C. Improved collaboration.
- D. More sustainable pace of work.
- E. All of the answers.
正解：E
解説：
Limiting Work in Progress (WIP) has several potential benefits for a Scrum Team, including:
1.Shorter feedback cycles (Option A): By limiting the amount of work in progress, the team can focus on completing work faster, which leads to shorter feedback loops and quicker validation of hypotheses or deliverables.
2.More sustainable pace of work (Option B): Limiting WIP helps prevent overburdening the team, promoting a more balanced and sustainable work pace.
3.Faster realization of value (Option C): By completing items more quickly and reducing multitasking, the team delivers value faster to stakeholders.
4.Improved collaboration (Option D): When WIP is limited, team members are more likely to collaborate to finish tasks that are already in progress rather than starting new ones.
質問 # 48
True or False: Little's Law is used to forecast a Scrum Team's output.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
Little's Law is a formula used to understand the relationship between system throughput, work-in-progress (WIP), and lead time. While it can be used to analyze and optimize the flow of work, it is not specifically designed for forecasting a Scrum Team's output.
Scrum Teams typically use techniques like story point estimation and historical velocity to forecast their output.
質問 # 49
Which of the following are leading indicator metrics?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Work Item Aging.
- B. Monte Carlo.
- C. Service Level Expectation.
- D. Cycle Time.
- E. Work in Progress.
正解：A、E
解説：
Work in Progress (WIP) and Work Item Aging are considered leading indicator metrics in Scrum with Kanban. Leading indicators are metrics that provide information that can help predict future outcomes or performance.
* Work in Progress (WIP): This metric indicates the number of work items currently being worked on and can provide early signals about potential bottlenecks or issues in the workflow. Managing WIP effectively can help teams optimize their flow and predict how work might proceed in the future.
* Work Item Aging: This metric shows how long work items have been in progress without being completed. It provides an early indication of delays and can help teams identify items that might need attention to maintain a steady flow
質問 # 50
When the Developers limit Work in Progress (WIP) inside a Sprint, what would you expect to observe?
(Choose the best three answers)
- A. Increased collaboration/swarming between the Developers.
- B. Self-management would be strengthened as a result of increased transparency.
- C. The amount of work done by the end of the Sprint would be reduced.
- D. The Developers would stop beginning work, and instead, start finishing work.
正解：A、B、D
解説：
When WIP limits are implemented, Developers are encouraged to focus on completing existing tasks rather than starting new ones. This leads to a more collaborative approach, as team members may swarm to complete items together. Additionally, limiting WIP enhances transparency in the process, which in turn strengthens self-management by the team. These principles align with Kanban's emphasis on active management and the Scrum framework's focus on collaboration. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 51
What are the four key flow metrics in Scrum with Kanban?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Work in Progress (WIP), Velocity, Lead Time, Cycle Time.
- B. Throughput, Work in Progress (WIP), Velocity, Lead Time.
- C. Work in Progress (WIP), Work Item Age, Throughput, Cycle Time.
- D. Velocity, Lead Time, Cycle Time, Cost.
正解：C
解説：
The four key flow metrics in Scrum with Kanban are:
*Work in Progress (WIP): The number of items that are currently being worked on.
*Work Item Age: The time that has elapsed since an item started, which helps identify aging work that may need attention.
*Throughput: The number of items completed over a specific period, helping to measure productivity.
*Cycle Time: The total time from when an item starts until it is finished, used to assess how quickly items are moving through the process.
These metrics are essential for understanding and optimizing the flow of work in a Scrum team using Kanban practices
質問 # 52
True or False: The WIP Limit can only be changed during the Sprint Retrospective.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
質問 # 53
True or False: In Kanban, it is better to focus limits on the amount of value-generating work items than the number of tasks.
- A. FALSE
- B. TRUE
正解：B
質問 # 54
Which statements best describe the purpose of a Scrum Team's Definition of Workflow?
(Choose the best three answers)
- A. It creates transparency over the Work in Progress (WIP) limiting rules.
- B. It defines how value flows through the system.
- C. It helps Service Request Manager track the percent completeness of a work item.
- D. It provides a mutual understanding of when the work is considered to be started and finished.
- E. It is used as a checklist of all the states that every work item should go through before it is considered to be done.
- F. It makes handoff policies explicit by defining clear quality gates between the development stages.
正解：A、B、D
解説：
The Definition of Workflow clarifies how value moves through the system, establishes a shared understanding of when work items are considered to be in progress and completed, and enhances transparency, particularly around WIP limits. This provides structure to the Kanban system within Scrum and helps the team optimize their flow and maintain consistency. References: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 55
As input for Daily Scrum, which metrics are likely to provide the most actionable data?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Lagging indicators.
- B. Leading indicators.
正解：B
解説：
Leading indicators are the most appropriate metrics for Daily Scrum because they provide information about the current state of the work and potential future issues. By tracking leading indicators, the team can identify potential problems early on and take proactive measures to address them.
Here are some examples of leading indicators that can be useful during Daily Scrum:
* WIP Limits:Are the WIP limits being adhered to?
* Blocked Tasks:Are there any tasks that are blocked or waiting for dependencies?
* Task Progress:How much progress has been made on each task?
* Team Mood:Is the team morale high or low?
By discussing these leading indicators during the Daily Scrum, the team can identify any impediments and take immediate action to keep the work flowing smoothly.
Lagging indicators, on the other hand, provide information about past performance and are not as useful for identifying and addressing current issues. Examples of lagging indicators include cycle time, lead time, and throughput. While these metrics are important for long-term analysis and improvement, they are not as actionable in the context of the Daily Scrum.
質問 # 56
How does Kanban for Scrum Teams maximize value delivered?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. By enabling tighter empirical feedback loops via faster Cycle Times.
- B. By optimizing the flow of value.
- C. By minimizing time spent in meetings/events.
- D. By minimizing transaction costs.
- E. By choosing higher-value items to deliver.
正解：A、B
解説：
Kanban for Scrum Teams maximizes value delivered by:
1. Enabling Tighter Empirical Feedback Loops via Faster Cycle Times (Option B):
Kanban practices help Scrum Teams reduce Cycle Times, which is the time it takes for a work item to move from "start" to "finish." Faster Cycle Times mean that feedback on work done is received more quickly, allowing the team to make necessary adjustments sooner. This rapid feedback loop enhances the empirical process control central to Scrum, thus ensuring that the team is always delivering value in line with the needs of stakeholders(
2. Optimizing the Flow of Value (Option C):
Kanban focuses on optimizing the flow of work through the team's process. This is achieved by limiting Work in Progress (WIP) and actively managing flow metrics such as throughput and cycle time. By optimizing flow, teams can ensure that work items are completed efficiently and effectively, minimizing waste and maximizing the delivery of value to the customer( The other options are less accurate:
* Option A: Minimizing time spent in meetings/events is not the primary goal of Kanban; rather, it is about optimizing flow and value delivery.
* Option D: Minimizing transaction costs is more related to Lean principles, but it does not directly address the value delivered as effectively as options B and C.
* Option E: Choosing higher-value items to deliver is part of prioritization, which is more related to Product Backlog management than to Kanban's specific practices
質問 # 57
Which is the LEAST accurate description of Cycle Time? (choose the best answer)
- A. The length of time a work item takes from idea stage to feedback from users after release to production.
- B. The total amount of time an item is in a state/column.
- C. The length of time from starting work on the item to when it is finished.
- D. The quantity/number of items that are delivered within a specified period of time.
正解：D
質問 # 58
True or False: The primary effect of limiting Work in Progress (WIP) is that it creates a pull system.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：B
解説：
The primary effect of limiting Work in Progress (WIP) is to create a pull system. A pull system ensures that new work is only started when there is capacity, meaning that work is "pulled" into the system when the team has the availability to do so. This approach prevents overloading the team and helps maintain a steady and predictable flow of work, aligning with the Kanban practices within the Scrum framework
質問 # 59
True or False: Scrum Events, Scrum Team Accountabilities, and Scrum Artifacts are changed when using Scrum with Kanban. For example, the Scrum Team might choose to omit the Sprint Retrospective when using Kanban with Scrum.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
質問 # 60
Work in Progress (WIP) is: (choose the best answer)
- A. The total of all items in the Product Backlog.
- B. The number of PBI's that meet the team's definition of "Ready".
- C. The number of work items started but not finished (according to the Scrum Team's definition of "Workflow").
- D. Equal to the number of PBI's in the Sprint Backlog.
正解：C
質問 # 61
Upon which of the five Scrum Values does Professional Scrum with Kanban build?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. Openness.
- B. Professionalism.
- C. Courage.
- D. Transparency.
- E. Focus.
正解：A、C、E
解説：
Professional Scrum with Kanban builds upon the core Scrum values to enhance flow and effectiveness within the team. The relevant values are:
*Courage: Encourages team members to address issues, experiment with changes in the workflow, and make adjustments transparently, even when facing uncertainty.
*Focus: Enhances the team's ability to concentrate on achieving the Sprint Goal and flow of work items by using Work in Progress (WIP) limits and other Kanban practices.
*Openness: Promotes an open environment where the team transparently shares information on work progress, obstacles, and opportunities for improvement, which is key for continuous inspection and adaptation in Kanban.
These values directly support the empirical process control and continuous improvement principles of Kanban
質問 # 62
Which of these statements about Sprints and Kanban is NOT correct?
- A. The Sprint is an example of a cadence.
- B. A Scrum Team will eventually stop using Sprints if they correctly implement Kanban.
- C. The Sprint is an example of an explicit policy for how a team is working.
- D. The Sprint is an example of limiting Work in Progress (WIP).
正解：B
解説：
Sprints remain a core aspect of the Scrum framework, regardless of the use of Kanban. Sprints provide a time-boxed cadence and structure that is integral to Scrum. The addition of Kanban practices enhances Scrum but does not replace the need for Sprints. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 63
Why aren't feedback loop practices included in the Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams? (choose the best answer)
- A. Kanban boards are the only feedback loops needed for Scrum Teams using Kanban.
- B. Kanban does not require feedback loops as it focuses on improving productivity. Feedback loops only apply when using Scrumban.
- C. A Scrum Team self-manages and decides what feedback loops are necessary to include in their workflow.
- D. The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams builds upon the Scrum Guide. There is no need to explicitly add feedback loop practices as they are already in Scrum.
正解：D
質問 # 64
What does it mean when a Scrum Team chooses to communicate an 85% 5-day service level expectation (SLE)?
- A. The team promises to have 85% of all Product Backlog items done within 5 days.
- B. The team expects they will complete a work item within 5 days of when they start working on it 85% of the time.
- C. The team can get any critical system backup within 5 days.
- D. In the last Sprint, the team has been able to complete 85% of Product Backlog items within 5 days of starting work on the item.
正解：B
解説：
An SLE of 85% for 5 days signifies that the team anticipates they will complete items within 5 days, 85% of the time. This helps set clear expectations with stakeholders, ensuring transparency around potential delivery timelines. The SLE is based on historical data and provides a probability-based forecast, rather than a commitment. References: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 65
What can occur if you were to reduce batch sizes? (Choose all that apply)
- A. Higher motivation due to seeing your work get done and deliver value earlier.
- B. Improved efficiency due to faster feedback loops.
- C. Lower efficiency due to overhead / transaction costs in case the batch size is too small.
- D. Highlight a need to work to improve processes/infrastructure to reduce the pain of frequent costly overhead.
正解：A、B、C、D
質問 # 66
Who is best to decide if a Scrum Team should apply a Kanban strategy in their Scrum framework? (choose the best answer)
- A. The Scrum Master.
- B. The Developers.
- C. The Director of Engineering.
- D. The Scrum Team.
- E. The Product Owner.
正解：D
質問 # 67
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