合格できるCIPS L4M4のPDF問題集！最近更新された216問あります
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質問 # 17
What information would you expect to find on a supplier's response to a 'Request for Information'? Select TWO
- A. their marketing strategy
- B. their ethical and sustainability policies
- C. detailed information regarding their costing structure
- D. their capability and capacity to fulfil a contract
正解：C、D
解説：
A RFI typically finds the following information from potential suppliers; ethical and sustainability policies and their capacity / capability to fulfil a contract. It could also include financial position, mission and vision.
質問 # 18
A procurement manager for a major retail group is using ratio analysis to assess the financial viability of suppliers who have tendered for a logistics services tender. The recommended supplier has a current ratio of
0.6. What are the potential consequences of awarding the contract to this supplier, given their current ratio is below 1?
- A. The results of the current ratio do not mean anything as long as the supplier has proven technical merit
- B. The supplier will be unable to cover long-term liabilities from revenues
- C. The supplier will have cash reserves to cover unexpected expenses
- D. The supplier will be unable to pay its short-term liabilities using current assets
正解：D
解説：
A current ratio below 1 suggests that the supplier may not have sufficient current assets to cover short-term liabilities, which could pose a risk to the buyer. Assessing financial stability aligns with responsible sourcing practices, as it ensures suppliers can fulfill contracts without disruption.
質問 # 19
Steff is a procurement manager at Giant Buttons Ltd who are considering offshoring a small section of their manufacturing operations. Which of the following is a risk of offshoring that Steff should consider.
- A. payments by electronic bank transfer
- B. exportation rules and tariffs
- C. importation rules and tariffs
- D. lower operating costs
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is importation rules and tariffs. This is because in offshoring some of the manufacturing will be done in another country then shipped back to the UK. The products will have to go through customs so may be subject to tariffs and duties.
Steff's not exporting anything in the scenario and paying electronically and getting lower costs are not RISKS.
質問 # 20
A procurement manager has developed some reports in order to analyse total company expenditure on bought- in goods and services from external suppliers. Expenditure information by product category or supplier can achieve which of the following? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Provide analysis to help with planning production schedules
- B. Identify how obsolete stock items can be disposed of in a sustainable way
- C. Help the organisation set its marketing strategy
- D. Provide information on costs and trends to compare with previous time periods
- E. Highlight opportunities for negotiating better prices and reducing costs with suppliers
正解：D、E
解説：
Analysing expenditure data by product category or supplier enables procurement managers to:
* Negotiate Better Prices:Identifying high-spend areas or suppliers can provide leverage in negotiations, leading to cost reductions.
* Monitor Cost Trends:Tracking expenditure over time helps in understanding cost fluctuations, budgeting, and forecasting future spend.
Exact Extract from Study Guide:
"Spend analysis is a process that analyses the historical spend data of your organisation to provide answers to questions concerning spend visibility, compliance, and cost-saving opportunities."
質問 # 21
Which of the following are key areas of regulations that govern organisations in responsible procurement and supply?
- A. Company culture, product branding and staff uniforms
- B. Competitive pricing, unsecured business loans and threats of new entrants
- C. Digitisation, artificial intelligence and innovations
- D. Ethical practice, data protection and marketplace competition
正解：D
解説：
Responsible procurement and supply are governed by several key regulatory areas to ensure ethical and fair practices. These include:
* Ethical Practice:Ensures that organisations conduct business in a manner that is ethical and free from corruption.
* Data Protection:Involves safeguarding personal and sensitive information, ensuring compliance with laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
* Marketplace Competition:Ensures fair competition among businesses, preventing monopolies and promoting consumer choice.
These areas are critical in maintaining integrity, trust, and compliance within procurement activities.
Exact Extract from Study Guide:
"Key areas of regulation that organisations must follow include data protection, ethical practice, health, safety and environment, worker rights, marketplace competition, and product safety standards."
質問 # 22
When selecting a supplier on technical merit, its important that the supplier is a good 'functional fit' for the organisation. What is meant by 'functional fit'?
- A. the supplier shares a common supply chain
- B. the supplier makes a similar profit to that of the buyer
- C. the supplier is able to work at the same technical level as the buyer
- D. the supplier is able to adhere to the same ethical standards
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is 'the supplier is able to work at the same technical level as the buyer'. It's aboutbeing able to integrate the businesses together in terms of IT systems and such like.
質問 # 23
Sourcing aims to achieve the best value for money by taking into account several factors. Freddy is sourcing a new component for his company which manufactures tractors. Should Freddy take into consideration ethics and sustainability?
- A. no- 'value for money' only concerns price and if the product is fit for purpose
- B. yes- ethics and sustainability show that the products are fit for purpose
- C. yes- ethics and sustainability form part of 'value for money'
- D. no- 'value for money' is concerned with achieving the lowest price
正解：C
解説：
"yes- ethics and sustainability form part of 'value for money' " is the correct answer.
There are several factors that represent value for money and these are listed on p.3. These include; price, delivery, quality, ethics, sustainability and availability.
質問 # 24
Which of the following would you expect to find in an Invitation to Tender? Select THREE
- A. risk assessments
- B. awarding body
- C. pricing schedule
- D. deadline
(Correct) - E. qualifications required
正解：B、E
解説：
An ITT would include details on the awarding body (usually a brief overview of the buyer), the deadline (bids must be received by a certain date) and qualifications required (such as ISO requirements or competency certificates of staff members if it's a service contract). You wouldn'tfind pricing schedules in an ITT (this would be provided by the supplier in response to the ITT), nor would you find risk assessments (a supplier might be asked to provide one as part of the quality assessment of the tender though).
Invitation To Tender Simply Explained I Thornton & Lowe (thorntonandlowe.com)
質問 # 25
Henry is importing cheese from South East Asia into the UK. He is doing some research on the costs and risks of this and has discovered that the product may be considered of 'non-preferential origin'. What implications would this mean for Henry?
- A. he will require insurance
- B. there are no duty charges or limitations
- C. the goods are subject to tariff quotas
- D. the goods are banned in the UK
正解：C
解説：
Items of 'Non-Preferential Origin' are subject to tariff quotas and other customs commercial regulations.
'Preferential Origin' goods have no duties or tariffs.
The good news is CIPS have significantly simplified section 3.2 of the syllabus. The new study-guide is much lighter on names of documents and protocols for importing and quotas etc. The focus of this Learning Outcome has shifted more to Inco Terms so I would focus on that for revision, but do make sure you have a basic understanding of documents, law and jurisdiction.
質問 # 26
Which of the following are procurement procedures permissible under EU Public Procurement rules? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Public procedure
- B. Open procedure
- C. Conformance procedure
- D. Complex procedure
- E. Restricted procedure
正解：B、E
解説：
Under EU Public Procurement rules, the permissible procurement procedures include the Open Procedure and the Restricted Procedure. The Open Procedure allows any interested party to submit a tender, while the Restricted Procedure involves a two-stage process where only selected candidates are invited to submit tenders. These procedures are designed to ensure transparency, competition, and equal treatment in public procurement.
Exact Extract from Study Guide:
"The EU Public Procurement Directive outlines several procedures including Open Procedure and Restricted Procedure, which are designed to facilitate fair and transparent procurement processes."
質問 # 27
Many organisations prefer a multi-sourcing approach because of the advantages it provides. Which of the following might be an advantage of multi-sourcing?
- A. It helps the buyer to increase stock varieties to avoid stock-outs
- B. It is the only approach that supports the open tendering process
- C. It is the only approach that enables the buyer to isolate the best supplier from among many
- D. It increases process flexibility and switching using a range of approved suppliers
正解：D
解説：
Multi-sourcing allows organisations to diversify their supply base, providing flexibility, and reducing risk by having multiple suppliers. It is an effective strategy to prevent over-dependence on a single source and allows for competition among suppliers, promoting quality and ethical standards in the supply chain.
質問 # 28
A buyer is only interested in working with suppliers who have strong Environmental and Social Governance practices. It is therefore using ethical criteria as supplier selection stage to determine which suppliers to work with. Which of the following statements is true?
- A. ethical behaviour is impossible to determine as issues such as Modern Slavery often go undetected
- B. the buyer should ask suppliers to be accredited to ISO9001a supplier who follows the CIPS Code of Conduct is more likely to meet the buyer's needs
- C. compliance with Codes of Conduct from professional bodies is mandatory
正解：B
解説：
A supplier who follows the CIPS Code of Conduct is more likely to meet the buyer's needs is the correct answer.
The other options are wrong:
1) Compliance with Codes of Conduct from professional bodies is optional. E.g. CIPS - no organi-sation is forced to comply with CIPS.
2) Unethical behaviour is not impossible to detect, it may be difficult but with correct due diligence and things like audits it's completely possible
3) ISO 14001 is quality management so is irelevent.
質問 # 29
ABC Ltd works with supplier XYZ Ltd who uses a variety of subcontractors. ABC has recently learned of an ethical breach being committed by one of XYZ's subcontractors. What should ABC do?
- A. Research alternative suppliers
- B. Seek compensation
- C. Terminate the contract
- D. Recommend remedial action
正解：D
解説：
ABC should do a 'root cause analysis' to find out where the issue has come about, and why. From there, once they know what the breach is and how serious it is, they can suggest corrective action.
They can't jump straight to terminating the contract or seeking damages as it's not the supplier itself but rather the subcontractor. Also that would be really hasty considering we don't know what the issue is and what the market conditions are like. That supplier may be the only one who can provide the product. We also don't know if the supplier knows about the issue themselves.
質問 # 30
Ivan is an investor who is looking to invest in new businesses. He is reviewing several companies and working out what his equity would be. Which of the following does Ivan need to know tocalculate shareholder equity? Select TWO.
- A. net income
- B. total assets
- C. total liabilities
- D. net profit
正解：B、C
解説：
Shareholder Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
質問 # 31
Which of the following should form part of the initial evaluation process for non-domestic vendor supply proposals?
- A. Supplier development
- B. Contract management
- C. Internal benchmarking
- D. Incoterm classifications
正解：D
解説：
In the initial evaluation of non-domestic vendor supply proposals, understanding and applying the correct Incoterm classifications is crucial. Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) define the responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international transactions, including the point at which risk transfers from seller to buyer.
Evaluating these terms early ensures clarity in logistics, costs, and risk management.
Exact Extract from Study Guide:
"When sourcing from international suppliers, it is important to be aware of the key legislative and regulatory requirements in both the home country as well as the country of origin. Depending on product and service type, for example, you may need to consider product safety measures, industry regulations, and environmental regulations. In terms of organizational requirements, it is important to pay attention to details such as applicable payment terms and local labor practices."
質問 # 32
What type of ratio is used to measure a company's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations, specifically focusing on its ability to convert assets into cash to cover current liabilities?
- A. Liquidity ratio
- B. Dividend per share
- C. Earnings per share
- D. Profitability ratio
正解：A
解説：
Liquidity ratios assess a company's capacity to meet its short-term obligations using its most liquid assets.
These ratios, such as the current ratio and quick ratio, provide insight into the financial health of a company by indicating whether it has sufficient resources to pay off its immediate liabilities without raising external capital.
Exact Extract from Study Guide:
"Liquidity ratios: # Typical ratios: current ratio, quick ratio, cash flow ratio, etc. # Formulae of those ratios # Implications of liquidity ratios
質問 # 33
Which of the following are signs that modern-day slavery might be taking place within the supply chain?
Select THREE.
- A. suppliers who speak English as a second language
- B. suspiciously low labour costs
- C. supplier based in a country with a low score on the Corruption Perception Index
- D. poor quality products
- E. workers that live on-site
正解：B、D、E
解説：
The correct answers are; suspiciously low labour costs, workers living on site and poor quality products (as this signals that the workforce may be unskilled).
A low score on the CPI is a good thing (high scores are more likely to signify slavery concerns) and just because someone speaks English as a second language doesn't mean you automatically need to be suspicious.
That would be prejudice.
質問 # 34
A supplier operates in a monopolistic market where the threat of entry is low. The product that they offer is key in manufacturing certain types of submarines and there is no known substitute for the product at present.
What type of sourcing relationship is a buyer likely to have with this supplier?
- A. dual sourced
- B. sole sourced
- C. single sourced
- D. multiple sourced
正解：B
質問 # 35
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