更新された2025年04月21日検証済み！L4M4問題集と解答で100%合格できる
2025年最新のの問題L4M4問題集を試そう！更新されたCIPS試験合格させます
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質問 # 84
Scott is a procurement manager who is evaluating a bid from a supplier to provide a new IT system to his office that will be used by 100 employees. He is considering the total life-cycle costs. Which of the following should Scott consider? Select THREE
- A. Added value
- B. Functional Fit
- C. Acquisition Costs
- D. Maintenance
- E. Training
正解：A、C、E
解説：
total life-cycle costs include; acquisition costs, maintenance and training.
Added value and functional fit are quality criteria that should also be evaluated when selecting a supplier, but do not fall under total life-cycle costs.
Note: total life cycle costs and whole life asset management are the same thing. You may see both terms used in the exam. I think CIPS is moving more towards Whole Life Asset Management now as the preferred vocabulary but they're the same thing.
質問 # 85
Which of the following Incoterms has the lowest risk for the supplier?
- A. delivered at terminal
- B. free on board
- C. delivered duty paid
- D. ex works
正解：D
解説：
Ex-Works has the lowest risk to the supplier- in Exworks the buyer collects the items directly from the supplier - so they have all the issues and risks of transporting it back home.
There are many question on Incoterms CIPS can ask. But as there's such a huge bank of questions it's really hit or miss if you'll get one of those question. Two students sitting the exam at the same time in the same study centre can get different question sets. One person can get 3 Incoterm questions and the other gets 0.
I would learn the major ones- the ones at the ends of the table in particular because these are the ones question are likely to be about. Ex works / Free carrier and Delivered at Place Unloaded/ De-livered Duty Paid in particular.
I like this graph as I'm a visual person. I think it makes it easier to understand than the study guide:
Shipping Incoterms: the Complete Guide - Guided Imports
質問 # 86
When selecting a supplier on technical merit, its important that the supplier is a good 'functional fit' for the organisation. What is meant by 'functional fit'?
- A. the supplier is able to work at the same technical level as the buyer
- B. the supplier makes a similar profit to that of the buyer
- C. the supplier shares a common supply chain
- D. the supplier is able to adhere to the same ethical standards
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is 'the supplier is able to work at the same technical level as the buyer'. It's aboutbeing able to integrate the businesses together in terms of IT systems and such like.
質問 # 87
Liquidity is a solvency measure which determines whether an organisation is able to pay its debt. Which of the following would you use to assess a supplier's liquidity? Select TWO.
- A. long-term debt
- B. current assets
- C. shareholder's equity
- D. current liabilities
正解：B、D
解説：
The correct answer is current assets and current liabilities. There are manyQuestionsabout financial ratios on the exam.
If you're unsure on them I suggest doing further reading outside of the study guide as this will help. I like this youtube video (I'm not associated with the makers of this video but think it's a great way to explain liquidity) Liquidity ratios (youtube.com) You can be asked to work out liquidity in the exam. If you are asked this, the numbers will be very simple to the point you may be able to do the sums in your head. There is also a calculator on the test app you can use.
質問 # 88
Tulip Rose Industries is using a restricted approach to tendering for a new contract for the facilities management of their seven factories which produce furniture made of organic materials. What is likely to be the reason they are using a restricted approach?
- A. interest in the tender opportunity is likely to be high
- B. the requirement is complex
- C. interest in the tender opportunity is likely to be low
- D. the suppliers are likely to be unqualified
正解：A
解説：
you would use a restricted approach when interest is likely to be high. The buyer needs a method of de-selecting unsuitable bidders and creating a shortlist of acceptable organisations.
For complex requirements you could use both an open or restrictive tender- the difference between the approaches is about how many bids you're likely to get rather than the complexity of it.
質問 # 89
Under what circumstances can a buyer reduce timescales for a tender in the Public Sector?
- A. when the tender is of low value
- B. if tenders are received by electronic submission exclusively
- C. if the competition is restricted
- D. if there are fewer than 5 bidders
正解：B
解説：
If tenders are received by electronic submission exclusively, the buyer can reduce the timescale. On average the time for a standard tender submission can be reduced by 5 days if bids are submitted electronically.
*Note* this is based off current PCR Regs 2015 which are being superseded in October 2024 by new legislation. We currently don't know what the new regs will say on this. If it's different, my best guess is CIPS will remove any question about it from their exam- because the study guide would be wrong and that would lead to complaints.
質問 # 90
Ivan is an investor who is looking to invest in new businesses. He is reviewing several companies and working out what his equity would be. Which of the following does Ivan need to know to calculate shareholder equity?
Select TWO.
- A. total liabilities
- B. total assets
- C. net profit
- D. net income
正解：A、B
解説：
Shareholder Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
質問 # 91
Which of the following would be considered a strategic sourcing activity?
- A. an office ordering copier paper
- B. a bakery ordering eggs
- C. a factory ordering a new machine
- D. a restaurant ordering plastic cups
正解：C
解説：
a factory ordering a new machine is the correct answer.
Strategic sourcing is for high value, high risk items. The other options given are tactical sourcing as they are low value (eggs, paper and plastic cups).
See p.3 for the differences between tactical and strategic sourcing
質問 # 92
A supplier operates in a monopolistic market where the threat of entry is low. The product that they offer is key in manufacturing certain types of submarines and there is no known substitute for the product at present.
What type of sourcing relationship is a buyer likely to have with this supplier?
- A. single sourced
- B. dual sourced
- C. sole sourced
- D. multiple sourced
正解：C
解説：
This is sole sourcing as there is only one supplier in the marketplace.
Be careful not to confuse single sourcing and sole sourcing. Single sourcing is when a buyer chooses to work with only one supplier (usually to achieve economies of scale), sole sourcing, on the other hand, is when the buyer doesn't have a choice- they work with one supplier because there is only one supplier in the market.
Types of sourcing is a key concept for this exam.
質問 # 93
A business may be faced with the challenge of deciding whether to source some of its requirements from external suppliers or whether to make them internally. Which of the following factors is likely to justify the decision to make the requirements internally?
- A. The availability of in-house competencies and capacity to carry out the production
- B. The other suppliers are using older technology
- C. External suppliers are likely to be overcharging
- D. External sourcing involves cumbersome tendering procedures
正解：A
解説：
Internal production is often justified when a company has the necessary competencies and capacity. This approach aligns with responsible sourcing by leveraging internal capabilities for better control over quality, cost, and compliance with ethical and environmental standards.
質問 # 94
Damian is a procurement professional in the Public Sector. He has recently run a competition to source new uniforms for hospital staff and has decided on a suitable supplier. Should Damian con-duct post tender negotiation with the supplier?
- A. yes- post-tender negotiation may result in a lower price and thus better value for money
- B. yes- all tender processes should include post-tender negotiation
- C. no- it would be against the law for Damian to do this
- D. no- this isn't necessary as Damian has selected the most appropriate supplier
正解：C
解説：
Damian works in the Public Sector- it is against the law for the public sector to conduct 'post tender negotiation' after a contract has been awarded. This is because it's not transparent and equal opportunities, which are founding principles of public sector procurement.
Private sector can do whatever they want. They can do post-tender negotiations.
NOTE: this is currently the rules as per Public Contract Regulations 2015. These are being superseded in October by new legislation. The study guide doesn't mention this, but it's happening. At the time of writing (January 2023) we don't have the full details about what the new rules are but I doubt they will change on this particular topic. You can find out more about the changes to Public Sector Procurement here: Transforming Public Procurement - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
質問 # 95
When conducting a competitive tender, is it appropriate to use a supplier's credit rating as a criteria for pre-section?
- A. yes- because a low rating would have a negative impact on the company's reputation
- B. no- because a low credit rating would have a negative impact on the supply chain
- C. no- because a low rating would not affect the quality of the products supplied
- D. yes- because a low rating would indicate the supplier is financially unstable
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is 'yes- because a low credit rating would indicate the supplier is financially un-stable'.
The two options beginning with no should automatically be discounted. The other option is incor-rect because credit ratings are private and would therefore not affect reputation.
質問 # 96
The procurement team at Grape Juice Limited often use a weighted point system when ap-praising potential suppliers. What is a disadvantage of using a weighted point system?
- A. it is easy to manipulate
- B. it is hard to be objective
- C. it allows transparency
- D. it is time-consuming to create
正解：C
解説：
Weighted points systems can be time consuming to create. They're very transparent and allow for objective grading of supplier bids (so these answers are incorrect). They are not easy to manipulate and this is an advantage of using them.
質問 # 97
Sourcing products internationally involves extra considerations when looking at the price of the item. Which of the following are additional price considerations for international sourcing? Select TWO
- A. total life cycle costs
- B. tariffs
- C. tax
- D. batch quantities
- E. exchange rate
正解：B、E
解説：
Exchange rates and tariffs are associated with international sourcing.
The other options are concerns for both local sourcing and international sourcing.
質問 # 98
Ivan is an investor who is looking to invest in new businesses. He is reviewing several companies and working out what his equity would be. Which of the following does Ivan need to know tocalculate shareholder equity? Select TWO.
- A. total liabilities
- B. total assets
- C. net profit
- D. net income
正解：A、B
解説：
Shareholder Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
質問 # 99
When looking at credit scores, a supplier may be classified as a high risk for reasons that are not linked to poor credit. Which of the following could these be? Select TWO
- A. The organisation does not employ many people
- B. The organisation has no loans or credit cards
- C. The organisation has lots of fixed assets
- D. The organisation is new
正解：B、C
解説：
New organisations or those with no loans/ credit cards may have low credit scores. This is simply because they do not have enough financial history to make their scores good. That means banks au-tomatically class them as higher risk, because they simply don't know that they're trustworthy yet.
質問 # 100
Commodities are items which can be traded on the stock exchange. These are generally divided into four categories. What are these four categories?
- A. energy, agriculture, metals, livestock
- B. chemicals, agriculture, metals and livestock
- C. metals, energy, elements and agriculture
- D. fruit, vegetables, meat and dairy
正解：A
解説：
energy, agriculture, metals, livestock are the four trading categories on the stock exchange. Some-times there's a 5th category added which is 'environmental credits'. This is a fairly new thing and you don't need to know anything about this for this exam.
Question no commodities will mainly centre around characteristics of commodities and factors that affect pricing.
Commodities are discussed much more in detail in L5M4. At level 4 you just need a basic overview.
質問 # 101
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