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CIPS L4M4 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 69
Liquidity is a solvency measure which determines whether an organisation is able to pay its debt. Which of the following would you use to assess a supplier's liquidity? Select TWO.
- A. current liabilities
- B. shareholder's equity
- C. current assets
- D. long-term debt
正解：A、C
解説：
The correct answer is current assets and current liabilities. There are manyQuestionsabout financial ratios on the exam.
If you're unsure on them I suggest doing further reading outside of the study guide as this will help. I like this youtube video (I'm not associated with the makers of this video but think it's a great way to explain liquidity) Liquidity ratios (youtube.com) You can be asked to work out liquidity in the exam. If you are asked this, the numbers will be very simple to the point you may be able to do the sums in your head. There is also a calculator on the test app you can use.
質問 # 70
When conducting a competitive tender, is it appropriate to use a supplier's credit rating as a criteria for pre-section?
- A. no- because a low rating would not affect the quality of the products supplied
- B. yes- because a low rating would indicate the supplier is financially unstable
- C. no- because a low credit rating would have a negative impact on the supply chain
- D. yes- because a low rating would have a negative impact on the company's reputation
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is 'yes- because a low credit rating would indicate the supplier is financially un-stable'.
The two options beginning with no should automatically be discounted. The other option is incor-rect because credit ratings are private and would therefore not affect reputation.
質問 # 71
When working closely with a supplier, waste can be reduced which can lead to improved business functions and cost savings. Which of the following are wastes that can be removed from the supply chain? Select THREE.
- A. Inventory
- B. Barriers
- C. Waiting
- D. Over-analyzing
- E. Motion
正解：A、C、D
解説：
The correct answers are; motion, waiting and inventory.
This is part of Ohno's 8 Wastes. You can remember this with the acronym Tim Woods; transportation, inventory, motion, waiting, over-production, over-processing, defects, skills.
This is only mentioned briefly in this module but comes up in other modules more in depth, so is worth memorising if you can.
質問 # 72
An organisation is keep to include Social Outcomes in it's assessment for Value for Money for a new tender.
Which of the following should be considered?
- A. accreditations such as Fair Trade
- B. supplier's ESG policy
- C. CO2 emissions of the supplier's delivery vehicles
- D. use of local labour to deliver the contract
正解：D
解説：
Social value is about benefitting the local community / society. Therefore of those options listed, use of local labour is the most appropriate to consider.
質問 # 73
Which of the following is not a Human Rights as protected by the UN Declaration on Human Rights?
- A. freedom of Belief and to change beliefs
- B. the right to be treated equally
- C. the right to free speech
- D. the right to change nationality
正解：D
解説：
the right to change nationality is not included in the UN Declaration of Human Rights. There are 30 in total but you're not expected to know them all. You should know the big ones though which are; life, security, belief, equal treatment, free speech and expression. A summary can be found here: Universal Declaration of Human Rights | United Nations
質問 # 74
In a negotiation, a supplier does not want to upset or offend the buyer, so concedes their own requirement in order to ensure harmony. Which negotiation tactic is the supplier using?
- A. competitive
- B. compromising
- C. collaborative
- D. accommodating
正解：D
解説：
This is accommodating: the supplier puts the buyer's interest above his own.
This is from the Thomas Killman model of conflict resolution. There are 5 strategies; competitive, collaborative, avoiding, accommodating and compromising. In the study guide it doesn't mention the name of the model but you do need to know the 5 strategies. The model comes up a lot in other modules so is a good one to learn. Particularly L5M1 which is about management theory.
質問 # 75
Robert is appraising suppliers and is keen to evaluate suppliers' contribution to the community and the environment. Which of the following should Robert look at?
- A. ISO9001
- B. ISO27000
- C. ESG Policy
- D. Anti-Slavery Policy
正解：C
解説：
Robert should look at the supplier's ESG policy. This stands for Environmental Social Governance. So covers both his requirements for community (social) and environmental factors.
ISO 9001 is about Quality Management and ISO27000 about Information Security so these are in-correct answers. An Anti-Slavery Policy would not discuss the environment.
質問 # 76
If a company is described as 'liquid' what does this mean?
- A. the company has enough money to pay short-term liabilities
- B. the company is funded on equity rather than debt
- C. the company spends a lot of money
- D. the company is highly profitable
正解：A
解説：
liquid = the ability to pay short and medium term debts. In simple terms do you have more in stuff (money, assets) than you owe in debt?
Understanding Liquidity and How to Measure It (investopedia.com)
This is a hot topic for the exam. Learn everything in this section.
質問 # 77
Which of the following payment mechanisms is most beneficial to the supplier?
- A. letter of credit
- B. sight draft
- C. cash in advance
- D. open account
正解：C
解説：
cash in advance is the most beneficial to a supplier.
Open account /credit account is the most beneficial to the buyer. Learn this as it's a known exam topic.
質問 # 78
If a company is concerned with ethical sourcing and has concerns about issues such as corruption and modern day slavery within the supply chain, what course of action should they take?
- A. Complete formal tenders to find the best suppliers
- B. Only work with suppliers who have a published Anti-Slavery policy
- C. Complete Due-Diligence on all new suppliers
- D. Only work with known suppliers
正解：C
解説：
Completing Due Diligence checks will help guard against concerns about unethical business practices.
Not all companies will have a published Anti-Slavery policy- this is only required for large companies.
Known suppliers might have issues that you don't know about so you should always do due-diligence checks on everyone you work with Formal tenders won't sort out ethical issues unless specifically addressed within the tender and strong contract management is put in place afterwards.
質問 # 79
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) publish a list of commercial rules known as Inco-terms. What is the purpose of these rules?
- A. to provide internationally recognized product descriptions
- B. to state which products can be exported from which countries
- C. to ensure buyers and suppliers pay the correct level of tax on imported and exported goods
- D. to describe the point at which an item is considered delivered
正解：D
解説：
Incoterms describe the point at which an item is considered 'delivered' and explains who has the risk of what during the transport of the goods.
質問 # 80
Which of the following are examples of secondary data? Select TWO
- A. economic indices
- B. trade fairs and exhibitions
- C. networking
- D. comparison websites
- E. commissioned market research
正解：A、D
解説：
economic indices and comparison websites are secondary sources of data. The other three are examples of primary sources of data.
Primary= you get the data yourself
Secondary = you find the data from somewhere else
質問 # 81
Polygon Incorporated is a new company in the mining industry, which often gets bad press due to issues of sustainability. Which of the following should Polygon Incorporated consider when developing sustainable business practices?
- A. fraud, bribery and corruption
- B. efficiency, effectiveness, impact
- C. economic, ethical and environmental
- D. people, profit, planet
正解：D
解説：
The three pillars of sustainability are profit, people and planet. This may also be referred to as social, economic and environmental.
質問 # 82
Elaine works for a British manufacturer of confectionary (sweets/ candy) items. One of the key ingredients is cocoa powder, which cannot be grown in the UK. Elaine therefore needs to look abroad for suppliers. Which of the following are risks that Elaine needs to consider when sourcing internationally? Select THREE
- A. ethical behavior
- B. currency exchange fluctuations
- C. export tariffs
- D. cultural differences
- E. shortened lead times
正解：A、B、D
解説：
The correct answers are; currency exchange fluctuations, ethical behavior and cultural differences.
Shortened lead times is not correct because sourcing internationally would result in longer lead times. Export tariffs is not correct as Elaine is importing the items into the UK, not exporting them.
質問 # 83
When using a 'credit account' payment mechanism, when does a supplier receive payment for the goods?
- A. when they receive the PO
- B. before the order is placed
- C. after delivery
- D. in advance of delivery
正解：C
解説：
In a 'Credit Account' payment mechanism- the supplier receives payment after the goods are delivered, in line with agreed payment terms (which may be 30 days or something like that).
質問 # 84
During which stage of the procurement cycle would you remove suppliers that do not add value, or could pose a risk to the buying organisation?
- A. contract award
- B. asset management
- C. develop strategy
- D. supplier selection
正解：D
解説：
At supplier selection stage, unsuitable suppliers should be removed (those that do not add value or pose a risk).
At develop strategy stage you're not even looking at suppliers yet- you're just deciding what you need. At contract award and asset management it's too late.
CIPS procurement cycle - Procurement Supply Cycle | CIPS
質問 # 85
Which of the following incoterms has the lowest risk to the buyer?
- A. exworks
- B. carriage and insurance paid to
- C. delivered duty paid
- D. free on board
正解：C
解説：
The lowest risk to the buyer is 'delivered duty paid'. This is because the supplier does all the work transporting the items to the buyer's premises. Incoterms_2020_chart | Intersped
質問 # 86
Which of the following would be considered a strategic sourcing activity?
- A. a bakery ordering eggs
- B. a restaurant ordering plastic cups
- C. an office ordering copier paper
- D. a factory ordering a new machine
正解：D
解説：
a factory ordering a new machine is the correct answer.
Strategic sourcing is for high value, high risk items. The other options given are tactical sourcing as they are low value (eggs, paper and plastic cups).
See p.3 for the differences between tactical and strategic sourcing
質問 # 87
In the Public Sector, what is the evaluation criteria most often used when evaluating bids fromsuppliers?
- A. Best Value for Money
- B. Most Economically Advantageous Tender
- C. Cheapest Overall Tender
- D. Best Business Fit
正解：B
解説：
Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) is the Public Sector's go to evaluation criteria.
NOTE that this is changing from October 2023. Public Sector Procurement is currently based on legislation called PCR 2015 which itself is based on EU Procurement Directives. Now the UK has officially Brexited, we're making our own laws and the new Procurement Bill will be coming into effect in November 2024. One of the major changes is that MEAT is changing to MAT (most ad-vantageous tender - without the economical bit).
If you're sitting this exam until July 2024- you're fine- learn what the study guide says. If you're taking the exam from November 2024 I'm not sure what students are expected to do. The entire section on public sector procurement is incorrect for you. My best guess is CIPS may remove questions this section as the study guide will be wrong, but I really don't know how they plan to handle this.
The new Procurement Bill - MEAT to MAT - Hempsons - Hempsons
質問 # 88
Yolo Inc. have recently run a tender opportunity to find a suitable supplier of yoyos and they have received a number of bids. The supplier will become a strategic partner to the business as yoyos are vital to the success to Yolo Inc. The tender asked for both price submissions and had a number of quality questions. Eamon is the Procurement Manager of Yolo Inc and is responsible for selectingthe most appropriate supplier. How should Eamon appraise the bids?
- A. organise a cross-functional team of procurement personnel as they will have experience in assessing price and quality of bids
- B. evaluate the bids himself as this is a complex requirement
- C. evaluate the bids himself as this is a strategic purchase
- D. organise a cross-functional team to assess the bids as people from other departments may have important information and experience of yoyos
正解：D
解説：
Eamon should use a cross-functional team (this rules out two of the options). The purpose of using a cross-functional team is to use the knowledge of people from other departments as they may better understand the service required and help assess any technical questions. Therefore a cross-functional team of procurement personnel, isn't cross-functional (they're all the same function). Yoyos is a bit of a silly example, the exam questions are a little more serious- but the learning outcome is the same; use a cross-functional team to evaluate bids.
質問 # 89
Zeb is a Procurement Manager at Zig Zag Zips manufacturing. The organisation has a complex supply chain and works with 46 different suppliers, many of these international. Which of the follow-ing would be the most useful for Zeb to address issues of Modern Slavery?
- A. carry out regular due diligence checks on the supply base
- B. ask all suppliers to get Fair Trade accredited
- C. ensure all 46 suppliers publish an Anti Slavery Statement in line with the Modern Slavery Act
- D. work with less suppliers to reduce the risk of slavery entering the supply chain
正解：A
解説：
Carry out due diligence is the correct answer. The other answers are incorrect:
- ensure all 46 suppliers publish an Anti Slavery Statement in line with the Modern Slavery Act is wrong because thequestionstates that some suppliers are international. The legislation is UK, meaning international suppliers don't have to do the statement. It also only applies to companies with a turnover of £36m, and some of Zeb's suppliers may be smaller than this.
- work with less suppliers to reduce the risk of slavery entering the supply chain is a silly answer be-cause Zeb probably needs all of his suppliers. There's probably a reason he uses that many.
- ask all suppliers to get Fair Trade accredited is also a silly answer. Fair Trade only exists in some industries such as cocoa and bananas. Zig Zag Zips is in manufacturing so it's probably not going to be able to fairtrade accredit some of the stuff it buys.
質問 # 90
Which of the following is not a indices that measures economic data?
- A. ISO
- B. GDP
- C. CPI
- D. PPI
正解：A
解説：
ISO isn't an indices- it stands for 'International Labour Association'.
The others are all indices that measure economic data; consumer price index, producer price index and gross domestic product.
質問 # 91
Which of the following financial documents would show whether a supplier has sufficient funds to pay their subcontractors in the short term?
- A. ESG policy
- B. profit and loss account
- C. cash flow statement
- D. balance sheet
正解：C
解説：
A cash flow statement shows the money coming in and out. This would therefore show whether a supplier has enough money coming in, to be able to pay some of it out to a subcontractor.
P&L and Balance Sheets look more broadly at finances, rather than saying what's physically in the bank at a specific given time.
Do learn the difference between these three financial documents for the exam.
Balance Sheet: Explanation, Components, and Examples (investopedia.com) Profit and Loss Statement Meaning, Importance, Types, and Examples (investopedia.com) Cash Flow Statement: How to Read and Understand It (investopedia.com)
質問 # 92
Which of the following would you expect to find in an Invitation to Tender? Select THREE
- A. awarding body
- B. pricing schedule
- C. risk assessments
- D. deadline
(Correct) - E. qualifications required
正解：A、E
解説：
An ITT would include details on the awarding body (usually a brief overview of the buyer), the deadline (bids must be received by a certain date) and qualifications required (such as ISO requirements or competency certificates of staff members if it's a service contract). You wouldn'tfind pricing schedules in an ITT (this would be provided by the supplier in response to the ITT), nor would you find risk assessments (a supplier might be asked to provide one as part of the quality assessment of the tender though).
Invitation To Tender Simply Explained I Thornton & Lowe (thorntonandlowe.com)
質問 # 93
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