初心者向けのPSPO-II試験 [2025] 問題集でScrumのPDF問題
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Scrum PSPO-II(Professional Scrum Product Owner II)試験は、Scrumにおけるプロダクト所有に関する高度な知識とスキルを証明するための認定試験です。これは、既にPSPO-I認定を取得したプロダクト所有者向けにScrum.org組織が提供する二番目の認定レベルです。Scrum PSPO-II試験は、候補者がプロダクトバックログを効果的に管理し優先順位をつけ、ステークホルダーと協力し、組織の目標や目的に合わせたプロダクトビジョンを作成する能力をテストするよう設計されています。
質問 # 27
Scrum addresses which of the following four risks in software development? (choose the best four answers)
- A. The complexity and unpredictability of the requirements.
- B. The definition of incentive and bonus strategies by HR for all team members
- C. The timescale of the planned work
- D. The skills and working relationships of the people on the teams
- E. The clear definitions of stages and gateways in the overall governance model
- F. The stability and complexity of the technology
正解：A、C、D、F
質問 # 28
An effective Product Owner must:
(choose the best answer)
- A. Be the "expert" opinion for all Product Backlog items.
- B. Ensure that the team is as productive as possible.
- C. Ensure that every stakeholder need is met.
- D. All of the above.
- E. None of the above.
- F. Be the single point of contact for all stakeholders.
正解：E
解説：
None of the options given are accurate descriptions of what an effective Product Owner must do. According to the PSPO II resources, an effective Product Owner must12345:
Develop and communicate a clear and compelling Product Goal that aligns with the organization's vision and strategy.
Manage the Product Backlog by refining, ordering, and prioritizing items that deliver value to customers and users.
Collaborate with stakeholders and the Scrum Team to understand their needs, expectations, and feedback.
Empower the Scrum Team to make decisions and self-organize around the Sprint Goal and the Product Backlog items.
Experiment and validate assumptions using empirical evidence and data.
Optimize the value of the product and the work of the Scrum Team.
Continuously inspect and adapt the product and the process based on the outcomes and feedback.
References:
1: The Scrum Guide
2: Product Owner Learning Path
3: Product Owner Competencies
4: Evidence-Based Management
5: Product Strategy
質問 # 29
Experimentation can help a Product Owner to: Select all that apply
- A. Have complete certainty as to the future success of a Product
- B. Understand Product / Market fit and if we can create a business around a Product
- C. Reduce waste
- D. Decide whether we should invest and build something
正解：B、C、D
質問 # 30
You are a new Product Owner brought in to fix an existing product. The product is integral to the organization's long-term vision.
When examining the issues you were able to learn that:
-The last three releases have had no positive impact on product value.
-The costs to build and maintain a release is high compared to the revenue it generates. ie Product Cost Ratio.
-The time from which the team starts working on a release to having it shipped to users is long. ie Time-to-Market.
As the Product Owner, which strategy would you pursue? (choose the best answer)
- A. Suggest cancelling the product and focus on other opportunities as the Unrealized Value is low.
- B. Improve the team's Ability to Innovate by identifying and eliminating the waste that is creating the high cost ratios and long release cycles.
- C. Focus on identifying and delivering high-value features that will gain more customers and increase revenue.
正解：B
質問 # 31
True or False: A benefit of using an agile approach is decreasing non-value-added waste.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
質問 # 32
In order to justify the price increase of a product, your primary objective should be to:
(choose the best answer)
- A. Improve the value experienced by the customer.
- B. Reduce the number of features to make the product easier to use.
- C. Add more features to make the product more attractive.
- D. Reduce the price for a period of time before increasing it above the original price.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
According to the PSPO II resources, a product owner should optimize the value of the product and the work of the Scrum Team1. One way to do this is to improve the value experienced by the customer, which is the perception and evaluation of the product by the customer2. A price increase can be justified if the customer perceives that the product delivers more value than the cost3. This can be achieved by enhancing the product quality, functionality, usability, or design, or by providing additional benefits or services to the customer4. The other options are not effective ways to justify a price increase, as they may either reduce the value experienced by the customer, or increase the cost without increasing the value. References:
* 1: The Scrum Guide
* 2: User Experience
* 3: Value-Based Pricing
* 4: 8 Techniques to Justify a Price Increase
* : Justification for a Price Increase: Positioning For Success
質問 # 33
Product A is a big revenue producer; it has:
. High Current Value and Low Unrealized Value.
Product B is a new product with a lot of potential; it has:
. Low Current Value and High Unrealized Value.
Using those two data points and taking a long-term view, which of the options below should you pursue?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Weight your investment toward Product B; since it has more potential.
- B. Invest equally in both products.
- C. Weight your investment toward Product A; you do not want to risk losing customers.
正解：A
解説：
According to the Professional Scrum Product Owner II certification guide1, the Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. This means that the Product Owner should have a clear vision of the product, understand the needs and desires of the customers and stakeholders, and prioritize the Product Backlog items based on their value and urgency. The Product Owner should also use evidence-based management to measure the value delivered by the product and make informed decisions about the product strategy and direction.
In this question, Product A has a high current value, which means that it is generating a lot of revenue and satisfying the existing customers. However, it also has a low unrealized value, which means that it has little room for improvement or innovation, and may face competition or obsolescence in the future. Product B has a low current value, which means that it is not generating much revenue or satisfying many customers.
However, it also has a high unrealized value, which means that it has a lot of potential for improvement or innovation, and may capture new markets or opportunities in the future.
Taking a long-term view, the Product Owner should weight the investment toward Product B, since it has more potential to deliver value in the future. This does not mean that the Product Owner should neglect Product A, but rather balance the investment between the two products based on the expected return on investment and the risk involved. Investing equally in both products may not be optimal, as it may result in underinvesting in Product B and overinvesting in Product A. Weighting the investment toward Product A may not be wise, as it may result in missing out on the opportunities offered by Product B and losing the competitive edge in the market.
References: 1: Professional Scrum Product Owner II Certification | Scrum.org
質問 # 34
Your organization wants to become better at responding to market changes and new opportunities that may arise.
Which measure is LEAST helpful in understanding how to improve its ability to respond? (choose the best answer)
- A. On product index
- B. Technical Debt
- C. Cycle time
- D. Revenue per employee
- E. Velocity
正解：D
質問 # 35
Sharing people with unique skills across multiple teams will likely result in which of the following conditions?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Teams may wait more often, impeding the delivery of value.
- B. Teams do not have to develop deep technical skills.
- C. More work gets done since people are better utilized.
- D. Costs are lower since expensive resources are shared.
正解：A
解説：
Sharing people with unique skills across multiple teams will likely result in teams having to wait more often for those people to be available, impeding the delivery of value. This is because those people will have to context-switch between different teams, products, and domains, reducing their focus and efficiency1. Moreover, sharing people with unique skills will create bottlenecks and dependencies in the delivery process, increasing the risk of delays and quality issues2. Furthermore, sharing people with unique skills will discourage teams from developing deep technical skills themselves, making them less cross-functional and self-organizing3. Therefore, the best answer is A.
The other options are not correct because:
B) Teams do not have to develop deep technical skills. This is not a desirable condition, as it contradicts the Scrum value of commitment and the principle of continuous improvement. Teams should strive to develop deep technical skills to deliver high-quality products and to respond to changing requirements and technologies4.
C) Costs are lower since expensive resources are shared. This is not necessarily true, as the costs of context-switching, waiting, and quality issues may outweigh the benefits of sharing resources. Moreover, this option implies a resource-oriented mindset, rather than a value-oriented mindset, which is not aligned with the Scrum framework and the Product Owner role5.
D) More work gets done since people are better utilized. This is not a valid measure of success, as the amount of work done does not reflect the value delivered. Moreover, this option implies a utilization-oriented mindset, rather than an outcome-oriented mindset, which is not aligned with the Scrum framework and the Product Owner role. Reference: 1: Context Switching, 2: Bottlenecks and Dependencies, 3: Cross-Functional Teams, 4: Technical Excellence, 5: Resource vs. Value Orientation, : Utilization vs. Outcome Orientation
質問 # 36
Your CEO thinks your organization needs to deliver more quickly. There is no shortage of opinions about how you should go about this. Some managers think they need to hire more people, some engineers think the answer is automation. You can't pursue every idea, and some ideas may not be worth pursuing.
What could best help you understand the problem and where to improve? (choose the best answer)
- A. Analyze employee utilization rates to understand where efficiency needs to be improved.
- B. Conduct a customer satisfaction survey to find areas of dissatisfaction.
- C. Hire more people to handle the workload while also working to improve automation.
- D. Create a Value Stream Map to understand the current process and its bottlenecks.
- E. All of the above.
正解：D
質問 # 37
Mike, the Product Owner, is surprised about the accumulated technical debt that slows down the product performance. The product is projected not to be able to serve a large number of customers. Ron is shocked that it might need several Sprints to address the scalability issue.
What factors have led to this situation? (choose ALL that apply)
- A. The Developers have not been paying enough attention to technical quality.
- B. The Scrum Master has not ensured the transparency of the Scrum Team.
- C. The Product Owner and the Developers are not having conversations about technical debt.
- D. The past Sprint Retrospectives had not been utilized for inspection and adaptation.
正解：A、B、C、D
質問 # 38
Which of the following measures would help you understand the potential market for your product? (choose the best answer)
- A. Usage Index.
- B. All of the above.
- C. Quarterly revenue trends.
- D. Market Share trends.
- E. Net Promoter Score (NPS).
正解：B
質問 # 39
You work as a Product Owner for a small company and your Scrum Team employee retention rate has been falling. Data from exit interviews suggests that the Developers are:
. Frustrated by interruptions and low-value meetings.
. Feel that their work is not "meaningful."
You need to address this quickly, since the cost to train new Developers is very high in a small organization like yours.
To increase the likelihood of improving the retention rate, what additional measurements should you consider when determining improvements?
(choose the best answer)
- A. All of the above.
- B. The On-Product Index, the ratio of product work to total work.
- C. Employee Net Promoter Scores.
- D. The Innovation Rate, which is the ratio of new work to total work.
正解：A
解説：
To address the issues of interruptions, low-value meetings, and a lack of meaningful work, it is beneficial to consider a holistic approach that includes all the options provided. The Innovation Rate (A) can help understand the balance between new and routine work, the On-Product Index (B) can indicate how much work directly contributes to the product, and Employee Net Promoter Scores can provide insights into employee satisfaction and loyalty. Together, these measurements can offer a comprehensive view of areas for improvement
質問 # 40
Which of the following measures might help you determine whether your product is delivering value to your customers? (choose the best answer)
- A. How often your customers use your product.
- B. The average cost of your product release.
- C. The on-schedule performance of the Scrum Team
- D. None of the above
- E. The number of "must-do" Product Backlog items delivered in a release.
- F. All of the above.
正解：A
質問 # 41
A user satisfaction gap exists when there is a difference between:
(choose the best two answers)
- A. The total market size.
- B. The market share of the product.
- C. The user's desired outcome.
- D. The user's actual experience.
正解：C、D
解説：
A user satisfaction gap exists when there is a difference between what the user expects from a product or service and what the user actually experiences12. The user's desired outcome is the goal or benefit that the user wants to achieve by using the product or service3. The user's actual experience is the perception and evaluation of the product or service by the user4. If the user's actual experience does not meet or exceed the user's desired outcome, the user will be dissatisfied and may switch to a different product or service. Reference:
1: Identifying and Closing the Customer Satisfaction Gap
2: Find the Gaps in Your User Experience
3: [Outcome-Driven Innovation]
4: [User Experience]
5: Measure Business Opportunities with Unrealized Value
質問 # 42
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