問題集は全額返金保証付きのPSPO-II問題集最大50%オフ
更新されたのは2025年04月合格させるPSPO-II試験にはリアル練習テスト問題
PSPO-II試験は、現実的なシナリオにScrumの原則と実践を適用できる能力を評価するために設計されています。これには、プロダクトビジョン、リリース計画、ステークホルダーの関与、およびプロダクトバックログの改善などのトピックが含まれます。また、開発チームやステークホルダーと協力し、プロダクトバックログを効果的に管理する能力もテストされます。
質問 # 30
The smallest product Increment that is valuable enough to release is one that:
(choose the best answer)
- A. Adds a new feature.
- B. Delivers a single new or improved outcome.
- C. Fixes at least one defect.
- D. Delivers all "must do" Product Backlog items.
正解：B
解説：
The smallest product Increment that is valuable enough to release is one that delivers a single new or improved outcome for the customers or users of the product. This is because the outcome is the ultimate measure of value, not the output or the features1. An outcome is a change in behavior, attitude, or situation that results from using the product2. An outcome can be achieved by delivering a single feature, fixing a defect, or improving an existing functionality, as long as it meets the Definition of Done and the Sprint Goal3. Therefore, the best answer is A.
The other options are not correct because:
B) Adds a new feature. This is not a sufficient condition, as a new feature may not deliver a valuable outcome if it is not aligned with the product vision, the customer needs, or the market conditions4.
C) Fixes at least one defect. This is not a necessary condition, as a defect may not affect the value of the product if it is minor, rare, or irrelevant to the customer5.
D) Delivers all "must do" Product Backlog items. This is not a realistic condition, as the Product Backlog is a dynamic and emergent artifact that changes based on feedback, learning, and discovery. There is no fixed set of "must do" items that can guarantee the delivery of value. Reference: 1: Outcome vs. Output, 2: What is an Outcome?, 3: The Definition of Done, 4: Feature vs. Outcome, 5: Defect vs. Value, : The Product Backlog
質問 # 31
The current product is making a profit; however, the Sale Manager advises James, a Product Owner, to reduce the price to attract more customers. The Financial Director argues that this may harm the company revenue.
What are the reliable sources that help Jame decide the product's pricing strategy? (choose the best two answers).
- A. Market share
- B. Competitor's pricing
- C. Sale channel strategy
- D. Company profit reports
正解：A、B
質問 # 32
A separate Product Backlog is needed for every:
(choose the best answer)
- A. Program.
- B. Scrum Team.
- C. Product.
- D. All of the above.
- E. Portfolio.
正解：C
解説：
According to the Professional Scrum Product Owner II certification guide1, a Product Backlog is an ordered list of what is needed to improve the product. It is the single source of work undertaken by the Scrum Team.
The Product Backlog is owned by the Product Owner, who is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. Therefore, a separate Product Backlog is needed for every product, not for every Scrum Team, portfolio, program, or all of the above. Multiple Scrum Teams can work on the same product and share the same Product Backlog2. A portfolio or a program may consist of multiple products, each with its own Product Backlog3. References: 1: Professional Scrum Product Owner II Certification | Scrum.org 2: What is a Product Backlog? | Scrum.org 3: Product Backlog Explained [+ Examples] | Atlassian
質問 # 33
Your product is used by businesses of various sizes. A very large company, that is interested in your product, would like a set of features implemented if they were to purchase your product. As a customer, this company would significantly increase your revenue. They also tell you that the features would improve your product and would win more customers. The requested features will be expensive and require extensive redesign. Also, you have not heard any similar feedback from any other customers or leads.
What is the most appropriate action? (choose the best answer)
- A. Create experiments to better understand their needs and possible alternatives.
- B. Devise workarounds that will satisfy their request without needing a product redesign.
- C. Implement the features in line with the request as they are an influential customer.
- D. Perform market research to evaluate the demand for the features within the broader market.
正解：A
質問 # 34
When should the Product Owner update the project plan? (choose the best answer)
- A. Before the Sprint Planning to know how much work will have to be done in the Sprint.
- B. Scrum forbids having a project plan.
- C. The Product Backlog is the plan in Scrum. It is updated as new information and insights emerge.
- D. After the Daily Scrum to ensure an accurate daily overview of project progress.
正解：C
質問 # 35
Personas can help to:
(choose the best answer)
- A. Discover key buying triggers.
- B. Formulate hypotheses about product value.
- C. Understand market potential.
- D. All of the above.
- E. Understand the needs of a set of users.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Personas are fictional characters that represent the different user types that might use your product or service in a similar way1. Personas can help you to2345:
* Understand the needs of a set of users by creating empathy and insight into their goals, behaviors, and pain points.
* Formulate hypotheses about product value by identifying the problems and opportunities that your product can address for each user type.
* Understand market potential by estimating the size and characteristics of each user segment and their willingness to pay for your product.
* Discover key buying triggers by exploring the motivations, influences, and decision-making processes of each user type.
* Design and test your product features and user experience by using personas as a guide and a reference point. References:
* 1: Personas - A Simple Introduction
* 2: The Complete Guide to User Personas and How They Can Help Your Marketing Strategy (With Examples)
* 3: Personas | Usability.gov
* 4: The importance of personas for digital experience
* 5: Personas | Definition and Overview
質問 # 36
The Developers inform the Product Owner during the Sprint that they are not likely to complete everything they forecasted. What would you expect a Product Owner to do?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Change the Sprint Goal to match what the Developers can deliver.
- B. Skip Product Backlog refinement activities.
- C. Inform management that more resources are needed.
- D. Reduce the scope of the Sprint, if possible, to still meet the Sprint Goal.
- E. End the Sprint, since the goal cannot be achieved.
正解：D
解説：
According to the Professional Scrum Product Owner™ II certification guide1, the Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. This means that the Product Owner should collaborate with the Developers and the Scrum Master to find the best way to deliver value in the current Sprint, even if the initial forecast is not met. The Product Owner should not change or abandon the Sprint Goal, as it is a commitment made by the Scrum Team during Sprint Planning. The Product Owner should also not skip Product Backlog refinement activities, as they are essential for preparing the Product Backlog for future Sprints. The Product Owner should not end the Sprint prematurely, as it may cause more disruption and waste than delivering a potentially releasable Increment. The Product Owner should not inform management that more resources are needed, as it may imply that the Scrum Team is not self-organizing and cross-functional. The Product Owner should respect the Developers' autonomy and professionalism and support them in finding the best solution to the problem. Therefore, the best answer is to reduce the scope of the Sprint, if possible, to still meet the Sprint Goal. This means that the Product Owner and the Developers should negotiate the scope of the Sprint Backlog within the Sprint, removing or adding Product Backlog items that are aligned with the Sprint Goal and the value delivery. Reference: 1: Professional Scrum Product Owner™ II Certification | Scrum.org
質問 # 37
When many Scrum Teams are working on the same product, should all of their Increments be combined every Sprint?
(choose the best answer)
- A. No, each Scrum Team stands alone.
- B. No, that is far too hard and must be done in a hardening Sprint.
- C. Yes, otherwise the Product Owner and stakeholders are unable to accurately inspect the Increment.
- D. Yes, but only for Scrum Teams whose work has dependencies.
正解：C
解説：
When multiple Scrum Teams are working on the same product, it is essential that all of their Increments be combined every Sprint. This ensures that the Product Owner and stakeholders can accurately inspect the Increment, which is a fundamental aspect of transparency and empiricism in Scrum1. Combining Increments allows for a clear understanding of the current state of the product, which is crucial for effective inspection and adaptation.
質問 # 38
Organizations should reduce their investment in a product when the product's:
(choose the best answer)
- A. None of the above.
- B. Current Value is very high.
- C. Unrealized Value is very small.
- D. Current Value is very low.
- E. Unrealized Value is very large.
正解：C
質問 # 39
Which of the following might be considered when ordering Product Backlog items?
(choose all that apply)
- A. Cost of delay.
- B. Value of Product Backlog items.
- C. Cost of implementation.
- D. Dependencies between Product Backlog items.
- E. Dependencies to other products.
正解：A、B、C、D、E
解説：
According to the PSPO II guide and Scrum.org competencies, when ordering Product Backlog items, a Product Owner should consider various factors to maximize the value of the work done by the Scrum Team. These factors include:
A) Dependencies to other products: Recognizing dependencies to other products is crucial for the Product Owner to ensure that the Scrum Team is working on items that can be completed and deliver value without being blocked by external dependencies.
B) Value of Product Backlog items: The primary role of a Product Owner is to maximize the value delivered by the Scrum Team, and ordering items based on their value is a fundamental aspect of this responsibility.
C) Dependencies between Product Backlog items: Understanding and managing dependencies between Product Backlog items helps in planning Sprints more effectively, ensuring that the team is working on items in a logical sequence.
D) Cost of delay: The cost of delay is a critical economic factor that influences the ordering of Product Backlog items. Items that would result in a higher cost if delayed should be prioritized.
E) Cost of implementation: While value maximization is the goal, the cost of implementation cannot be ignored. Balancing the cost and the expected value is essential for effective Product Backlog management.
These considerations are in line with the Scrum.org Professional Scrum competencies, particularly under 'Managing Products with Agility', where it's emphasized that Product Owners should have a deep understanding of market value, product feasibility, and the importance of making trade-offs to maximize value.
質問 # 40
You deliver a new feature that you think will improve customer satisfaction. When you measure the results, you not only find that it had no impact on customer satisfaction, it was hardly used.
What is your next step? (choose the best answer)
- A. Redesign the interface to improve the feature's ease of use and re-release it.
- B. Drop the feature from the product and focus on the next most important feature
- C. Redesign the feature to improve its effectiveness and re-release it.
- D. Investigate why the feature was not used by interviewing users and watching usage
正解：D
質問 # 41
When should the Product Owner update the project plan?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Before the Sprint Planning to know how much work will have to be done in the Sprint.
- B. The project plan must be updated prior to the Sprint Retrospective.
- C. The Product Backlog is the plan in Scrum. It is updated as new information and insights emerge.
- D. After the Daily Scrum to ensure an accurate daily overview of project progress.
正解：C
解説：
In Scrum, there is no separate artifact called a project plan. The Product Backlog is the plan for the product development, and it contains all the features, requirements, enhancements, and fixes that are needed to deliver a valuable product. The Product Backlog is not a static or fixed document, but rather an emergent and dynamic one. It is constantly updated and refined by the Product Owner and the Developers as they learn more about the product, the users, the market, and the technology. The Product Backlog is updated whenever new information and insights emerge, which can happen at any time during the product development process.
Therefore, option C is the best answer.
Option A is not correct because the Daily Scrum is not a status meeting, but rather a time-boxed event for the Developers to inspect their progress towards the Sprint Goal and adapt their Sprint Backlog accordingly. The Product Owner does not need to update the Product Backlog after the Daily Scrum, unless there is a significant change in the product vision, strategy, or value proposition that affects the Product Backlog items.
Option B is not correct because the Sprint Retrospective is not a time to update the Product Backlog, but rather a time-boxed event for the Scrum Team to inspect their way of working and identify potential improvements.
The Product Owner does not need to update the Product Backlog before the Sprint Retrospective, unless there is a need to communicate a change in the Product Goal or the product roadmap that affects the Product Backlog items.
Option D is not correct because the Sprint Planning is not a time to know how much work will have to be done in the Sprint, but rather a time-boxed event for the Scrum Team to collaborate on selecting and planning the Product Backlog items that will deliver the Sprint Goal. The Product Owner does not need to update the Product Backlog before the Sprint Planning, unless there is a need to reorder or clarify the Product Backlog items that are the most valuable and relevant for the upcoming Sprint. References:
Professional Scrum Product Owner II Assessment
Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework
Managing Products with Agility
What is a Product Backlog?
Product Backlog Explained
質問 # 42
True or False: Dependencies could influence how the Product Owner orders Product Backlog Items ?
- A. FALSE
- B. TRUE
正解：B
質問 # 43
Complete this sentence: The more uncertain you are about customer needs or market desires (choose the best two answers)
- A. the more you should focus on validating customer needs.
- B. the more important a risk management plan becomes.
- C. the smaller each release should be.
- D. the more likely it is that you should invest in a different product.
正解：A、C
解説：
Verified answer: A, B
Very Very Short Explanation: In the context of Scrum and the PSPO II guidelines, when there is uncertainty about customer needs or market desires, it is recommended to make smaller releases to allow for quicker feedback and adaptation (A), and to increase the focus on validating customer needs to ensure that the product development is aligned with what customers actually want (B). This approach is consistent with the principles of empiricism and agility, which emphasize the importance of transparency, inspection, and adaptation123.
質問 # 44
What is typical work for a Product Owner in a Sprint?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Create financial reporting upon the spent hours reported by the Developers.
- B. Update the work plan for the Developers on a daily basis.
- C. Collaborate with stakeholders, user communities and other Product Owners.
- D. Attend every Daily Scrum to answer functional questions about the Sprint Backlog.
- E. Work with the Developers on Product Backlog refinement.
正解：C、E
解説：
Explanation
As a Product Owner, you are accountable for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Scrum Team. To do this, you need to collaborate with various stakeholders, user communities and other Product Owners to understand their needs, expectations and feedback, and to align them with the product vision and strategy. You also need to work with the Developers on Product Backlog refinement, which is an ongoing activity to add detail, estimates and order to Product Backlog items. This helps the Developers to understand what is valuable and feasible to deliver in the upcoming Sprints, and to plan and execute their work accordingly. These are typical and essential work for a Product Owner in a Sprint.
The other options are not typical or effective work for a Product Owner in a Sprint. Attending every Daily Scrum is not necessary, as the Daily Scrum is an event for the Developers to inspect their progress and plan their next steps. The Product Owner can attend the Daily Scrum if invited by the Developers, but should not interfere or answer questions that are not related to the Sprint Goal or the Product Backlog. Creating financial reporting upon the spent hours reported by the Developers is not a valuable activity, as it does not reflect the outcome or the value delivered by the product. It also goes against the Scrum values of trust and respect, as it implies that the Developers are not self-managing or committed to their work. Updating the work plan for the Developers on a daily basis is also not a good practice, as it undermines the autonomy and creativity of the Developers, and reduces their ability to inspect and adapt their work based on the empirical evidence. The Product Owner should not tell the Developers how to do their work, but rather focus on what is the most valuable outcome for the product.
References:
* Professional Scrum Product Owner™ II Certification
* Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework
* Managing Products with Agility
質問 # 45
Who is accountable for creating a plan for the Sprint and adhering to the Definition of Done?
(choose the best answer)
- A. The Product Owner.
- B. The Developers.
- C. The Scrum Team.
- D. All of the above.
- E. The Scrum Master.
正解：B
解説：
According to the Scrum Guide, the Developers are the people in the Scrum Team who are committed to creating any aspect of a usable Increment each Sprint. They are accountable for creating a plan for the Sprint, the Sprint Backlog, and for adhering to the Definition of Done. The Product Owner and the Scrum Master are not accountable for these activities, but they may support the Developers as needed. The Scrum Team as a whole is accountable for delivering a valuable, useful, and potentially releasable Increment each Sprint, but the Developers have the specific accountability for planning and building it. Reference := Scrum Guide, Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework, Managing Products with Agility
質問 # 46
You are the Product Owner for a product with diverse stakeholders with differing opinions that sometimes conflict. Your director of Marketing strongly believes that you should add a major new feature to reach a new market. You CEO believes that the new feature is too expensive and thinks you should focus on other features to make existing customers happier. The CEO says that as Product Owner it is ultimately your decision. You think both perspectives have merit, but you cannot do both.
How should you proceed? (choose the best answer)
- A. Devise an experiment that will help the company to better understand the new market and its potential.
- B. Trust the Director of Marketing's opinion and add the features; when revenues increase, you will be vindicated.
- C. Better understand the positions of other stakeholders to gather more information, then make a decision
- D. Trust the CEO's opinion and focus on current customers, since you cannot afford unhappy customers.
正解：A
質問 # 47
Your product's nearest competitor has lower market share, but has higher customer satisfaction, though they lack some key features of your product. You are losing market share to them as customers discover them. They release 3 times faster than you, which is helping them to win customers. What should you do first in response?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Find new markets for your product that your competitor is not yet in.
- B. Improve your time-to-market and rate of innovation to improve your responsiveness.
- C. Lower your product's price to make it more attractive to new and existing customers.
- D. Add features to your next release that you think will retain and win customers.
正解：B
解説：
Verified answer: C
Very Very Short Explanation: According to the PSPO II guidelines, the focus should be on improving time-to-market and rate of innovation to enhance responsiveness . This aligns with the principles of agility and Scrum, which emphasize the importance of delivering value quickly and responding to market changes123. By improving these areas, you can better meet customer needs and compete more effectively in the market.
質問 # 48
You are a Product Owner at a company that is new to Scrum. The stakeholders are coming to you to requesting functionality to be added to the product and defining the priorities of their requests. As a result, your decision making is slow and time-consuming.
Which three approaches are the most appropriate to take? (choose the best three answers)
- A. Request to hire a Business Analyst to the team in order to help you work the stakeholders and breakdown their requirements into User Stories in the Product Backlog.
- B. Add stakeholder requests to a separate list. Synchronize the list with the Product Backlog to ensure every Sprint includes item(s) from the stakeholder list.
- C. Create a Value Stream Map to demonstrate how long it is taking you to make decisions as Product Owner and the impact it has on delivering value to the users.
- D. Work with your Scrum Master to help the company understanding product ownership and improve the environment to support Scrum
- E. Ensure there's transparency and alignment with the Product Owner decision-making areas and help everyone understand what you're responsible and accountable for.
正解：C、D、E
質問 # 49
You are the Product Owner for a product with diverse stakeholders with differing opinions that sometimes conflict.
Your Director of Marketing strongly believes that you should add a major new feature to reach a new market. Your CEO believes that the new feature is too expensive and thinks you should focus on other features to make existing customers happier. The CEO says that as Product Owner it is ultimately your decision.
You think both perspectives have merit, but you cannot do both. How should you proceed?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Devise an experiment that will help the company to better understand the new market and its potential.
- B. Trust the Director of Marketing's opinion and add the features; when revenues increase, you will be vindicated.
- C. Better understand the positions of other stakeholders to gather more information, then make a decision.
- D. Trust the CEO's opinion and focus on current customers, since you cannot afford unhappy customers.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
= As a Product Owner, you are accountable for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Developers. To do this, you need to have a clear vision of the product and its target users, as well as a validated understanding of the market opportunities and risks. You also need to collaborate with stakeholders and customers to align their expectations and feedback with the product goals and strategy.
In this scenario, you face a dilemma between pursuing a new market segment or satisfying the existing customers. Both options have potential value, but also uncertainty and trade-offs. The best way to proceed is to devise an experiment that will help you to test your assumptions and learn more about the new market and its potential. This could be a small-scale release, a prototype, a survey, or any other method that can provide you with empirical evidence and feedback. By doing this, you can reduce the risk of investing in a feature that may not deliver the expected value, and also gain insights that can help you to refine your product vision and backlog.
This approach is consistent with the principles of agile product management, which emphasize delivering value early and often, validating hypotheses with data, and adapting to changing customer needs and market conditions. It also demonstrates your ability to apply the Scrum values of openness, courage, and respect, as you are willing to explore new possibilities, challenge your own opinions, and involve your stakeholders and customers in the decision-making process. References := Scrum Guide, Managing Products with Agility, Evidence-Based Management
質問 # 50
Your executive leadership team believes that your product can achieve higher market share.
. The Sales Leader is pressuring you to reduce the price of the product to attract more customers.
. The Director of Finance is concerned that reducing the price will merely reduce the product's profitability.
What sources of information should you consider when deciding whether to drop the price as the Sales Leader is suggesting?
(choose the best four answers)
- A. Competitor pricing.
- B. Channel sales strategy.
- C. Customer satisfaction.
- D. Unmet customer needs.
- E. Market share.
- F. Company earnings targets.
正解：A、C、D、E
解説：
The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. They are also accountable for effective Product Backlog management, which includes ordering the Product Backlog items to best achieve goals and missions1. The Product Owner should consider various sources of information to make informed decisions about the product, such as customer feedback, market trends, stakeholder input, and data analysis2.
When deciding whether to drop the price of the product, the Product Owner should consider the following sources of information:
Customer satisfaction: The Product Owner should measure and monitor how satisfied the customers are with the product, and how likely they are to recommend it to others. Customer satisfaction is a key indicator of product value and quality, and it can also influence customer retention and loyalty. The Product Owner should use various methods to collect customer feedback, such as surveys, interviews, reviews, ratings, and net promoter score23.
Market share: The Product Owner should track and compare the product's market share with its competitors and potential customers. Market share is the percentage of the total market that is captured by the product, and it reflects the product's popularity and demand. The Product Owner should use market research, sales data, and industry reports to analyze the market share and identify opportunities and threats24.
Unmet customer needs: The Product Owner should identify and prioritize the customer needs that are not yet met by the product or its competitors. Unmet customer needs are the gaps or problems that the customers face, and that the product can solve or address. The Product Owner should use techniques such as user stories, personas, value proposition canvas, and jobs to be done to discover and validate the unmet customer needs25.
Competitor pricing: The Product Owner should benchmark and compare the product's pricing with its competitors and alternatives. Competitor pricing is the amount of money that the customers have to pay to acquire or use a similar or substitute product. The Product Owner should use competitive analysis, price elasticity, and value-based pricing to determine the optimal pricing strategy for the product2 .
The other option, company earnings targets, is not a relevant source of information for the Product Owner, as it does not reflect the value or the demand of the product. The Product Owner should focus on delivering value to the customers and the stakeholders, rather than meeting arbitrary financial goals. The company earnings targets may also change over time, and they may not align with the product vision or the market reality2 . Reference: 1: Scrum Guide 2: Managing Products with Agility 3: Customer Feedback 4: Market Share 5: Unmet Customer Needs : [Competitor Pricing] : [Company Earnings Targets]
質問 # 51
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スクラムPSPO-II試験は、スクラムフレームワークと実際の製品開発シナリオへの適用を深く理解する必要がある挑戦的なテストです。この試験は、製品バックログ管理、製品ビジョン、利害関係者管理、製品価値の最適化など、幅広いトピックをカバーする30の多肢選択式の質問で構成されています。候補者は試験を完了するのに90分かかり、合格するには少なくとも85％を獲得する必要があります。
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