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質問 # 83
A business analyst created requirements for production of a product extract file for several systems. After reviewing the complex systems and dividing the processes into manageable tasks, the business analyst is able to identify the tasks required to implement the deliverable.
Which analysis technique has the business analyst used?
- A. Organization
- B. Dependency
- C. Interface
- D. Decomposition
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Decomposition is an analysis technique that breaks down a complex system, process, or problem into smaller and simpler components. It helps to identify the tasks, activities, functions, features, and requirements that are necessary to implement the deliverable. Decomposition also helps to organize, structure, and prioritize the components based on their dependencies and relationships. Organization, dependency, and interface are not analysis techniques, but rather aspects or results of decomposition . References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline, page 10; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide, page 131-132
質問 # 84
A new project is in the planning phase. The business owner believes that, since the timeline is aggressive, requirements elicitation should begin as soon as possible. Which activity should the business analyst initiate before beginning requirements elicitation?
- A. Draft a high-level data model.
- B. Document how the relevant systems interact.
- C. Define how the solution will be evaluated.
- D. Prepare the requirements traceability matrix.
正解：B
質問 # 85
What can a business analyst use to track requirements documentation?
- A. Business rules matrix
- B. Affinity diagram
- C. Version control system
- D. Data dictionary
正解：C
解説：
A version control system is a tool that can be used to track requirements documentation. A version control system is a tool that allows the business analyst to manage and record changes to the requirements documentation throughout the project lifecycle. A version control system can help to ensure that the requirements documentation is consistent, accurate, and up-to-date. A version control system can also help to facilitate collaboration and communication among the team members and stakeholders who work on or use the requirements documentation. A version control system can also help to identify and resolve any conflicts or issues that may arise from concurrent or conflicting changes to the requirements documentation. An affinity diagram is not a tool that can be used to track requirements documentation. An affinity diagram is a technique that involves grouping similar or related ideas, issues, or data into categories based on their affinity or similarity. An affinity diagram can help to organize and analyze complex or diverse information, but it does not track or manage changes to the requirements documentation. A data dictionary is not a tool that can be used to track requirements documentation. A data dictionary is a tool that defines and describes the data elements and their attributes that are used or produced by a system or a solution. A data dictionary can help to standardize and clarify the meaning and usage of data elements, but it does not track or manage changes to the requirements documentation. A business rules matrix is not a tool that can be used to track requirements documentation. A business rules matrix is a tool that documents and organizes the business rules that govern or constrain a system or a solution. A business rules matrix can help to specify and communicate the logic and behavior of a system or a solution, but it does not track or manage changes to the requirements documentation. References: Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide 1, page 161-162; PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline 2, page 19-20.
質問 # 86
During a requirements workshop, sponsors and managers from different departments express varying points of view and priorities about the product's functions and requirements. The business analyst struggles with facilitating the group to reach an agreement.
What should the business analyst have defined to avoid this?
- A. Communications approach in the project management plan
- B. Decision-making process in the business analysis plan
- C. Decision-making process in the project management plan
- D. Communications approach in the business analysis plan
正解：C
解説：
Explanation/Reference: https://www.projectmanagement.com/webinars/624824/Decision-Making-for-Project- Management
質問 # 87
Which technique allows the collection of the maximum number of ideas on a subject from a group without considering the validity or practicality of the ideas?
- A. Interviewing
- B. Surveying
- C. Brainstorming
- D. Prototyping
正解：B
質問 # 88
During a requirements workshop, sponsors and managers from different departments express varying points of view and priorities about the product's functions and requirements. The business analyst struggles with facilitating the group to reach an agreement.
What should the business analyst have defined to avoid this?
- A. Communications approach in the project management plan
- B. Communications approach in the business analysis plan
- C. Decision-making process in the business analysis plan
- D. Decision-making process in the project management plan
正解：C
解説：
The decision-making process in the business analysis plan defines how decisions will be made regarding the requirements and the business analysis approach. It specifies the roles and responsibilities of the decision makers, the criteria and methods for making decisions, and the process for resolving conflicts and disagreements. Having a clear decision-making process can help the business analyst facilitate the requirements workshop and reach an agreement among the stakeholders with different points of view and priorities. References: = PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline, page 13.
質問 # 89
When faced with a tight timeline, the project sponsor suggests that the project team start development without creating traceability artifacts. What should the business analyst do?
- A. Start development activities without traceability items.
- B. Eliminate traceability activities for the project.
- C. Negotiate for a quick approval of a reduced set of traceability artifacts.
- D. Explain the value of requirements traceability.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The business analyst should explain the value of requirements traceability to the project sponsor.
Requirements traceability is the process of tracking and documenting the relationships and dependencies among the requirements, the project deliverables, and the business objectives. Requirements traceability helps to ensure the quality, completeness, and alignment of the requirements, and to manage the changes, risks, and issues that may arise during the project. Requirements traceability also helps to measure the performance and the value of the solution, and to facilitate the verification and validation of the solution. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA) Examination Content Outline1, page 20; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 100.
質問 # 90 
Which solution should be chosen according to the completed weighted-ranking matrix?
- A. Develop in-house software.
- B. Enhance the existing system.
- C. Outsource the development.
- D. Purchase off-the-shelf software.
正解：C
質問 # 91
How should a business analyst determine whether a solution satisfies business requirements?
- A. By conducting a brainstorming session with end users
- B. By reviewing the traceability matrix
- C. By evaluating the solution against the project charter
- D. By reviewing the results of user acceptance testing
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
According to the PMI Guide to Business Analysis, user acceptance testing is a technique that involves verifying and validating that the solution meets the business requirements and satisfies the stakeholder needs and expectations. User acceptance testing is usually performed by the end users or their representatives, who evaluate the solution against predefined acceptance criteria and provide feedback on its functionality, usability, performance, quality, etc. User acceptance testing can help to determine whether a solution satisfies business requirements, as it can demonstrate that the solution delivers the intended business value and benefits, and that it meets or exceeds the stakeholder satisfaction. By reviewing the results of user acceptance testing, a business analyst can assess how well the solution meets business requirements, and identify any gaps or issues that need to be addressed or resolved. Evaluating the solution against the project charter, conducting a brainstorming session with end users, or reviewing the traceability matrix are other ways to analyze and validate requirements, but they do not necessarily determine whether a solution satisfies business requirements, as they do not involve testing or evaluating the solution in real or simulated conditions. References: PMI Guide to Business Analysis, page 317-318.
質問 # 92
Last year, a company registered a high number of complaints about its customer service. Which of the following tools or techniques can help to identify the high-priority changes needed to improve that service?
- A. A flowchart of the service
- B. A Pareto analysis
- C. A work breakdown structure analysis of the service
- D. A cause-and-effect diagram
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
According to the PMI Guide to Business Analysis, a Pareto analysis is a tool that helps to prioritize problems or causes based on their frequency or impact. It is based on the Pareto principle, which states that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. A Pareto analysis can help to identify the high-priority changes needed to improve a service by showing which problems or causes account for most of the complaints or dissatisfaction. A work breakdown structure analysis, a flowchart, and a cause-and-effect diagram are other tools that can help to analyze a service, but they do not necessarily help to prioritize the changes needed to improve it. References: PMI Guide to Business Analysis, page 145-146.
質問 # 93
A business analyst has been assigned to Project Y. After a requirements gathering session, the project manager asks the business analyst to identify which requirements would be considered in scope and out of scope, based on the business need.
What document should the business analyst use to determine the relationship of the requirement to the business need?
- A. Requirements management plan
- B. Requirements package
- C. Traceability matrix
- D. Reliability matrix
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A traceability matrix is a document that the business analyst can use to determine the relationship of each requirement to the business need when working on Project Y. A traceability matrix is a table that shows how each requirement relates to other project artifacts, such as business needs, objectives, deliverables, design elements, test cases, or risks. A traceability matrix can help to ensure that each requirement is aligned with and contributes to the business need that initiated the project. It can also help to verify that each requirement is necessary, feasible, testable, and traceable throughout the project life cycle. A traceability matrix can also help to manage changes and measure progress in relation to the business need. A requirements baseline document is a version of the requirements specification that has been reviewed, approved, and formally established as the basis for further development and delivery of the solution. A requirements baseline document defines the scope of the project and the expected value of the solution. It does not show how each requirement relates to the business need explicitly. A requirements management plan is a document that describes how requirements will be elicited, analyzed, documented, validated, and managed throughout the project. A requirements management plan defines the roles, responsibilities, processes, and tools for managing requirements. It does not indicate the relationship of each requirement to the business need specifically. A requirements package is a document that presents the requirements in a structured and organized way for communication and verification purposes. A requirements package may include different types of requirements, such as functional, non-functional, quality, or transition requirements. It does not demonstrate how each requirement relates to the business need directly. A reliability matrix is not a standard document in business analysis, but it may refer to a tool that measures the reliability or dependability of a system or a process. A reliability matrix evaluates the performance or quality of a solution. It does not determine the relationship of each requirement to the business need. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline1, page
15; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 95.
質問 # 94
Projects have been managed well and completed on schedule and on budget. However, successful completion of the projects has not improved the company's performance and profitability.
Which of the following should have been implemented to ensure that the projects would improve the company's performance and profitability?
- A. A project management plan
- B. A strategies and goals analysis
- C. A risk plan
- D. A review with appropriate stakeholders
正解：B
質問 # 95
A major stakeholder wants to know how the implementation of new features in the development of a product is progressing. Which of the following should be reported to the stakeholder?
- A. Requirements status during the project development cycle
- B. Number of requirements tested and approved
- C. Distribution of project changes
- D. Number of requirements approved vs. number of requirements rejected
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Requirements status during the project development cycle is the information that should be reported to the stakeholder who wants to know how the implementation of new features in the development of a product is progressing. The requirements status shows how many requirements are in each stage of the development cycle, such as analysis, design, development, testing, or deployment. This information can help the stakeholder understand the progress and quality of the product development and identify any issues or risks that may affect the delivery of the new features. Distribution of project changes is not relevant to the implementation of new features, as it shows how many changes have been requested, approved, or rejected for the project scope, schedule, cost, or quality. Number of requirements approved vs. number of requirements rejected is not relevant to the implementation of new features, as it shows how many requirements have been accepted or discarded by the stakeholders during the requirements analysis phase. Number of requirements tested and approved is not sufficient to report the implementation of new features, as it only shows how many requirements have passed the verification and validation process, but not how many are still in development or deployment stages. References: Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide, page 161-162; PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline, page 19.
質問 # 96
A business analyst is attempting to elicit requirements on a current project. The business subject matter experts (SMEs) from various departments in the company question how the solution will work with their various systems. Which modeling technique should the business analyst use to depict how the solution will work with all of the company's systems?
- A. Interface modeling
- B. Rules modeling
- C. Enterprise modeling
- D. Data modeling
正解：A
解説：
Interface modeling is a technique to describe how different components or systems interact with each other and exchange information. Interface modeling can be used to depict how the solution will work with all of the company's systems by showing the inputs, outputs, and dependencies of each system. Interface modeling can help to identify potential integration issues, gaps, and conflicts among the systems. The other techniques are not suitable for this purpose. Data modeling is a technique to define the structure, format, and relationships of data. Rules modeling is a technique to define the logic, constraints, and policies that govern the behavior of the solution. Enterprise modeling is a technique to describe the structure, culture, and processes of an organization. References: PMI-PBAExamination Content Outline, page 11; PMI-PBAReference List, page 1, BABOK Guide v3, page 54.
質問 # 97
When faced with a tight timeline, the project sponsor suggests that the project team start development without creating traceability artifacts. What should the business analyst do?
- A. Start development activities without traceability items.
- B. Eliminate traceability activities for the project.
- C. Negotiate for a quick approval of a reduced set of traceability artifacts.
- D. Explain the value of requirements traceability.
正解：D
解説：
The business analyst should explain the value of requirements traceability to the project sponsor.
Requirements traceability is the process of tracking and documenting the relationships and dependencies among the requirements, the project deliverables, and the business objectives. Requirements traceability helps to ensure the quality, completeness, and alignment of the requirements, and to manage the changes, risks, and issues that may arise during the project. Requirements traceability also helps to measure the performance and the value of the solution, and to facilitate the verification and validation of the solution. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline1, page 20; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 100.
質問 # 98
What should be done to ensure that the product design meets the stated requirements?
- A. Use a traceability matrix.
- B. Conduct multiple internal design reviews.
- C. Review lessons learned results.
- D. Engage an experienced development team.
正解：A
解説：
According to the PMI Professional in Business Analysis objectives and content, a traceability matrix is a tool that is used to track and link the requirements throughout the project life cycle. A traceability matrix can help to ensure that the product design meets the stated requirements by showing the relationships and dependencies between the requirements and the design elements, as well as the test cases and the verification results. A traceability matrix can also help to monitor the status and progress of the requirements and the design, and to identify and resolve any gaps, inconsistencies, or conflicts that may arise. A traceability matrix can also facilitate the impact analysis and change management of the requirements and the design. References:
* PMI Professional in Business Analysis objectives and content: PMI-PBA Certification
* PMI Professional in Business Analysis reference list: PBA Reference List
* PMI Professional in Business Analysis study guide: Study.com
質問 # 99
A company has completed a major project within time, cost, and scope and satisfied high-level quality standards and marketing requests. However, the product was considered a complete failure by shareholders and the market due to low return on investment.
From the business analysis perspective, the main reason for this business failure was a failure to:
- A. review and evaluate market expectations.
- B. establish measurable success criteria in the business case.
- C. set the product positioning.
- D. gather the appropriate usability requirements.
正解：B
解説：
The main reason for the business failure was a failure to establish measurable success criteria in the business case. The success criteria are the standards or indicators that are used to measure the achievement of the business objectives and the expected benefits of the project. The success criteria should be defined and agreed upon by the stakeholders in the business case, and they should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART). The success criteria can help the business analyst and the project team to evaluate the feasibility, viability, and desirability of the project, and to monitor and control the project performance and outcomes. The success criteria can also help to ensure the alignment of the project deliverables with the stakeholder expectations and the market needs. If the success criteria are not established or are poorly defined in the business case, the project may fail to deliver the desired value and return on investment, even if it meets the time, cost, scope, and quality constraints. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA) Examination Content Outline1, page 16; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 86.
質問 # 100
Company A would like to enter into a new market. The business analyst has been assigned to a project for which nobody in Company A has any prior experience. The project manager has asked the business analyst to assist in resource planning.
What should the business analyst recommend to the project manager?
- A. Hire external subject matter experts for the core project team.
- B. Review the business case to reconsider the project.
- C. Ask the sponsor for more resources.
- D. Ask the developer's team manager for more resources.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
According to the PMI Professional in Business Analysis objectives and content, a subject matter expert (SME) is a person who has specialized knowledge or skills in a particular domain or area. A SME can provide valuable insights, information, and guidance to the project team, especially when the project involves a new or unfamiliar market. By hiring external SMEs for the core project team, the business analyst can help to ensure that the project has the necessary expertise and resources to perform the business analysis activities effectively and efficiently. External SMEs can also help to identify and validate the business needs, requirements, and solutions for the new market, and to reduce the risks and uncertainties associated with the project. References:
PMI Professional in Business Analysis objectives and content: PMI-PBA Certification PMI Professional in Business Analysis reference list: PBA Reference List PMI Professional in Business Analysis study guide: Study.com
質問 # 101
The project team has all the document control process and versioning in place to capture the requirements changes. The team ensures that the change is documented in the scope document, resulting in the changed work breakdown schedule (WBS) and schedule. However, a key requirement was not implemented in the release.
Which is a possible reason why the requirement was not implemented?
- A. The requirements management plan was not updated with the change.
- B. The schedule management plan was not updated with the change.
- C. The requirements traceability matrix was not updated with the change.
- D. The scope management plan was not updated with the change.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A requirements traceability matrix is a tool that links the requirements to their sources, objectives, and deliverables. It helps to track the status, changes, and verification of each requirement throughout the project life cycle. If the requirements traceability matrix was not updated with the change, it could result in a key requirement being missed or overlooked in the implementation. The other options are not likely to cause this problem. The requirements management plan is a document that describes how the requirements will be elicited, analyzed, documented, validated, and managed. The scope management plan is a document that describes how the project scope will be defined, controlled, and verified. The schedule management plan is a document that describes how the project schedule will be developed, monitored, and controlled. References:
PMI-PBA
Examination Content Outline, page 13; PMI-PBA
Reference List, page 1, BABOK
Guide v3,
page 39; 6.
質問 # 102
A company is working on the next big release of their best-selling product. The requirements will be validated through in-person validation sessions.
What would be the most viable technique to use in this scenario?
- A. A brainstorming session
- B. A review of the previous version
- C. A use-case development session
- D. A review of the solution prototype
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
A review of the solution prototype would be the most viable technique to use in this scenario for validating requirements through in-person sessions. A solution prototype is a simplified version of part or all of a solution that can be used to elicit feedback from stakeholders. A review of a solution prototype involves presenting or demonstrating it to stakeholders and asking them questions to assess their satisfaction, understanding, agreement, or concerns. A review of a solution prototype can help to validate that the solution meets the stakeholder requirements and delivers value to them. A brainstorming session is a technique for generating ideas or solutions by encouraging free and creative thinking from participants. A brainstorming session can help to elicit or analyze requirements but not validate them. A use-case development session is a technique for creating use cases that describe how actors interact with a system to achieve their goals. A use-case development session can help to elicit or specify requirements but not validate them. A review of the previous version is a technique for examining an existing solution or product to identify its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or threats. A review of the previous version can help to elicit or analyze requirements but not validate them. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA) Examination Content Outline1, page 13; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 76.
質問 # 103
After reviewing a business case, project goals, and objectives, a business analyst determines that the organization prefers taking an exploratory approach to finding the solution that best meets the business need.
Which approach best aligns with the business need for this organization?
- A. Change-driven approach
- B. Waterfall approach
- C. Plan-driven approach
- D. Analytical approach
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A change-driven approach is the approach that best aligns with the business need for an organization that prefers taking an exploratory approach to finding the solution that best meets the business need. A change-driven approach is an adaptive and iterative approach that embraces changes and feedback throughout the project lifecycle. It allows the organization to explore different options and alternatives for the solution and deliver value incrementally and frequently. A change-driven approach is suitable for projects that have high uncertainty, complexity, or volatility in the requirements or the environment. A plan-driven approach is not the approach that best aligns with the business need for an organization that prefers taking an exploratory approach to finding the solution that best meets the business need. A plan-driven approach is a predictive and sequential approach that follows a detailed plan and minimizes changes and deviations from the baseline. It requires the organization to have a clear and stable vision of the solution and deliver value at the end of the project. A plan-driven approach is suitable for projects that have low uncertainty, complexity, or volatility in the requirements or the environment. A waterfall approach is not the approach that best aligns with the business need for an organization that prefers taking an exploratory approach to finding the solution that best meets the business need. A waterfall approach is a type of plan-driven approach that divides the project into distinct phases and completes each phase before moving to the next one. It does not allow for any changes or revisions once a phase is completed. A waterfall approach is suitable for projects that have very simple, well-defined, and fixed requirements and solutions. An analytical approach is not the approach that best aligns with the business need for an organization that prefers taking an exploratory approach to finding the solution that best meets the business need. An analytical approach is a technique or a method for solving problems or making decisions based on data, logic, and reasoning. It does not refer to a specific project management or business analysis approach. References: Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide 1, page 28-29; PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline 2, page 13.
質問 # 104
In order to reduce product and project risk for a large, complex project, a business analyst is asked to help develop a change process that includes formal authorization and tracking throughout the life cycle of the project. The business analyst needs a capability that will help ensure that the product conforms to approved requirements, changes can be documented, and the status of each change can be reported.
What should the business analyst use?
- A. Traceability matrix
- B. Context models
- C. Work breakdown structure
- D. Configuration management system
正解：D
質問 # 105
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