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質問 # 35
A business analyst is attempting to elicit requirements on a current project. The business subject matter experts (SMEs) from various departments in the company question how the solution will work with their various systems. Which modeling technique should the business analyst use to depict how the solution will work with all of the company's systems?
- A. Rules modeling
- B. Enterprise modeling
- C. Interface modeling
- D. Data modeling
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Interface modeling is a technique to describe how different components or systems interact with each other and exchange information. Interface modeling can be used to depict how the solution will work with all of the company's systems by showing the inputs, outputs, and dependencies of each system. Interface modeling can help to identify potential integration issues, gaps, and conflicts among the systems. The other techniques are not suitable for this purpose. Data modeling is a technique to define the structure, format, and relationships of data. Rules modeling is a technique to define the logic, constraints, and policies that govern the behavior of the solution. Enterprise modeling is a technique to describe the structure, culture, and processes of an organization. References: PMI-PBA
Examination Content Outline, page 11; PMI-PBA
Reference List,
page 1, BABOK
Guide v3, page 54.
質問 # 36
A national company with offices in every state in the country has deployed a solution to allow employees to view their health benefits online. The business analyst on the project team is validating solution results to assess whether or not the solution has achieved the desired business result.
Which is the best technique to gather information from employees regarding their satisfaction with the solution?
- A. Survey
- B. Focus groups
- C. Organization modeling
- D. Interface analysis
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A survey is a technique that involves collecting information from a large number of people by asking them questions and analyzing the results. Surveys are often used to measure the satisfaction, opinions, preferences, or attitudes of customers, employees, or other stakeholders. Surveys can be conducted through various methods, such as mail, online, phone, or in-person. Surveys are a suitable technique for gathering information from employees regarding their satisfaction with the solution because:
Surveys can reach a large and geographically dispersed population of employees across the country.
Surveys can allow employees to provide anonymous and honest feedback without being influenced by peer pressure or group dynamics.
Surveys can use standardized and quantifiable questions that can be easily analyzed and compared.
Surveys can be cost-effective and time-efficient compared to other techniques that require more resources and coordination.
References: = PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline, page 19.
質問 # 37
The business analyst has completed the requirements gathering and documentation processes in developing a baseline document. Several signoffs are needed. During the joint review process with the key stakeholders, the stakeholders announce that they are still not ready to sign off due to a communication gap.
Which technique should the business analyst have followed to ensure consensus?
- A. The business analyst should have performed a complete review of each requirement with the key stakeholders prior to the meeting.
- B. The business analyst should have reviewed the requirements of the project sponsor first before reviewing other requirements.
- C. The business analyst should have invited the key stakeholders to the meeting.
- D. The business analyst should have performed a complete review of each requirement with one of the stakeholders' peers before the meeting.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
According to the PMI Professional in Business Analysis objectives and content, one of the techniques to ensure consensus among stakeholders is to conduct a pre-review of the requirements with the key stakeholders before the formal review meeting. This can help to identify and resolve any issues, gaps, or conflicts that may arise during the meeting. A pre-review can also help to build trust and rapport with the stakeholders, and increase their confidence and commitment to the requirements. A pre-review can be done through interviews, workshops, surveys, or other methods of communication. References:
PMI Professional in Business Analysis objectives and content: PMI-PBA Certification PMI Professional in Business Analysis reference list: PBA Reference List PMI Professional in Business Analysis study guide: Study.com
質問 # 38
A company has completed a major project within time, cost, and scope and satisfied high-level quality standards and marketing requests. However, the product was considered a complete failure by shareholders and the market due to low return on investment.
From the business analysis perspective, the main reason for this business failure was a failure to:
- A. review and evaluate market expectations.
- B. establish measurable success criteria in the business case.
- C. gather the appropriate usability requirements.
- D. set the product positioning.
正解：B
解説：
The main reason for the business failure was a failure to establish measurable success criteria in the business case. The success criteria are the standards or indicators that are used to measure the achievement of the business objectives and the expected benefits of the project. The success criteria should be defined and agreed upon by the stakeholders in the business case, and they should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART). The success criteria can help the business analyst and the project team to evaluate the feasibility, viability, and desirability of the project, and to monitor and control the project performance and outcomes. The success criteria can also help to ensure the alignment of the project deliverables with the stakeholder expectations and the market needs. If the success criteria are not established or are poorly defined in the business case, the project may fail to deliver the desired value and return on investment, even if it meets the time, cost, scope, and quality constraints. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline1, page 16; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 86.
質問 # 39
A business analysis team has collected the main business requirements from the major stakeholders of a project. The team wants to be sure that each stakeholder has a clear understanding of the areas of analysis that will be in scope.
Which model should the team employ to ensure the most effective representation of analysis boundary?
- A. State diagram
- B. Data flow diagram
- C. Entity relationship diagram
- D. Context diagram
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
According to the PMI Guide to Business Analysis, a context diagram is a model that shows the boundaries of an area of analysis, such as a project, a system, a process, or an organization. A context diagram depicts the main entities or actors involved in the area of analysis, and the interactions or data flows between them. A context diagram can help to ensure the most effective representation of analysis boundary, as it provides a high-level overview of the scope and context of the area of analysis, and helps to identify the key stakeholders and their relationships. A context diagram can also help to communicate and validate the scope and context with the stakeholders, and to identify any assumptions or risks related to the area of analysis. A data flow diagram, a state diagram, and an entity relationship diagram are other models that can help to analyze an area of analysis, but they do not necessarily show the boundary or scope of it. References: PMI Guide to Business Analysis, page 158-159.
質問 # 40
A company has completed a major project within time, cost, and scope and satisfied high-level quality standards and marketing requests. However, the product was considered a complete failure by shareholders and the market due to low return on investment.
From the business analysis perspective, the main reason for this business failure was a failure to:
- A. review and evaluate market expectations.
- B. establish measurable success criteria in the business case.
- C. gather the appropriate usability requirements.
- D. set the product positioning.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The main reason for the business failure was a failure to establish measurable success criteria in the business case. The success criteria are the standards or indicators that are used to measure the achievement of the business objectives and the expected benefits of the project. The success criteria should be defined and agreed upon by the stakeholders in the business case, and they should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART). The success criteria can help the business analyst and the project team to evaluate the feasibility, viability, and desirability of the project, and to monitor and control the project performance and outcomes. The success criteria can also help to ensure the alignment of the project deliverables with the stakeholder expectations and the market needs. If the success criteria are not established or are poorly defined in the business case, the project may fail to deliver the desired value and return on investment, even if it meets the time, cost, scope, and quality constraints. : PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline1, page 16; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 86.
質問 # 41
The project team has all the document control process and versioning in place to capture the requirements changes. The team ensures that the change is documented in the scope document, resulting in the changed work breakdown structure (WBS) and schedule. However, a key requirement was not implemented in the release.
Which is a possible reason why the requirement was not implemented?
- A. The requirements management plan was not updated with the change.
- B. The schedule management plan was not updated with the change.
- C. The requirements traceability matrix was not updated with the change.
- D. The scope management plan was not updated with the change.
正解：D
質問 # 42
The business analyst is conducting a feasibility study to understand how well a potential solution fits into the organization. What kind of feasibility assessment is the business analyst undertaking?
- A. Technical
- B. Time
- C. Operational
- D. Cost-effectiveness
正解：C
質問 # 43
A business analyst has incorporated all the relevant feedback from stakeholders in the business analysis plan.
Which next step should the business analyst take?
- A. Start documenting requirements
- B. Store the document for safe keeping.
- C. Start implementing the project.
- D. Obtain approval on the plan.
正解：D
質問 # 44
Which of the following best describes the function of the requirements baseline?
- A. Tracks the progress of requirements documentation.
- B. Provides the basis for the development scope.
- C. Controls the product development and evolution.
- D. Defines how the project will be scheduled.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The requirements baseline is a set of approved and prioritized requirements that are used as the basis for the development scope. The requirements baseline defines what the project or program will deliver and what the stakeholders expect to receive. The requirements baseline also serves as a reference point for managing changes and measuring progress. References: PMI Guide to Business Analysis, Chapter 9, Section 9.3.1; PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline, Domain IV: Traceability and
Monitoring, Task 1.
質問 # 45
A company's management team has decided to deploy a new product. However, there is concern that users may not accept a new product that forces them to change existing practices.
The business analyst should:
- A. adhere to the project plan to achieve project objectives.
- B. delay the application's deployment until the conflicts have been resolved.
- C. clearly communicate project objectives and attempt to defuse tensions.
- D. voice user concerns to management and recommend that the project be closed.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The business analyst should clearly communicate project objectives and attempt to defuse tensions when there is concern that users may not accept a new product that forces them to change existing practices.
Communication is a key skill for business analysts, as it helps to ensure that stakeholders understand the purpose, scope, benefits, and risks of the project and the solution. Communication also helps to manage stakeholder expectations, address their concerns, resolve conflicts, and gain their support and buy-in for the change. By communicating project objectives and trying to defuse tensions, the business analyst can demonstrate the value of the new product, explain the rationale behind the change, listen to the feedback and suggestions of the users, and foster a positive and collaborative relationship with them. Adhering to the project plan to achieve project objectives is not sufficient, as it does not address the user resistance or dissatisfaction with the new product. Voicing user concerns to management and recommending that the project be closed is not advisable, as it may undermine the project success and waste the resources invested in it. Delaying the application's deployment until the conflicts have been resolved is not effective, as it may cause delays, rework, or scope creep in the project. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination
Content Outline1, page 9; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 55.
質問 # 46
Which tool provides combined functionality for business analysis and quality assurance activities?
- A. Requirements traceability tool
- B. Functional specification tool
- C. System use case modeling tool
- D. Solution quality assurance tool
正解：A
解説：
A requirements traceability tool is a tool that provides combined functionality for business analysis and quality assurance activities. It helps to document and track the relationships and dependencies among the requirements, the sources of the requirements, and the project deliverables. It also helps to monitor the status, changes, and verification of the requirements throughout the project life cycle. A requirements traceability tool can also support the analysis, validation, and testing of the requirements, as well as the evaluation of the solution quality and performance12.
A functional specification tool is a tool that helps to define and document the functional requirements of a system or a solution. It describes the features, functions, behaviors, and inputs and outputs of the system or the solution. It also specifies the acceptance criteria and the expected results of the system or the solution. A functional specification tool is mainly used for business analysis activities, but not for quality assurance activities13.
A system use case modeling tool is a tool that helps to illustrate and communicate the interactions and scenarios between the users and the system or the solution. It uses diagrams, symbols, and text to represent the actors, use cases, relationships, and flows of events of the system or the solution. It also defines the preconditions, postconditions, and exceptions of each use case. A system use case modeling tool is mainly used for business analysis activities, but not for quality assurance activities14.
A solution quality assurance tool is a tool that helps to measure and evaluate the quality of the system or the solution. It uses various methods and techniques, such as testing, inspection, review, audit, and feedback, to check the quality of the system or the solution against the quality standards and criteria. It also identifies and reports any quality issues, defects, or errors of the system or the solution. A solution quality assurance tool is mainly used for quality assurance activities, but not for business analysis activities1 .
References: 1 PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline, page 9-
11; 2 Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide, page 121; 3 Business Analysis for Practitioners:
A Practice Guide, page 133; 4 Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide, page 135; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide, page 125
質問 # 47
Which of the following is the best approach to enable developers and product owners to be in constant communication so that changes or issues that occur during development are exposed and discussed as they develop?
- A. Linear
- B. Agile
- C. Iterative
- D. Waterfall
正解：B
質問 # 48
A business analyst is working with the project manager, company auditors, and project stakeholders to determine whether formal signoff should be required for the project. For which reason would the business analyst recommend formal signoff to the group?
- A. The organization follows an iterative project life cycle.
- B. Errors in the product could result in financial solvency.
- C. The industry is unregulated.
- D. The project impact is contained within a small department of the company.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
質問 # 49
What should be done lo ensure that the product design meets the stated requirements?
- A. Conduct multiple internal design reviews.
- B. Use a traceability matrix.
- C. Review lessons learned results.
- D. Engage an experienced development team.
正解：A
質問 # 50
In the first few weeks after a large implementation of a new web-based application, a critical report failed.
Further Investigation determined that a worker had been using a field that was not supposed to be used. This issue was not identified in testing.
Which technique could have prevented this problem from occurring?
- A. Document analysis
- B. Use cases
- C. Diagrams
- D. Prototyping
正解：B
解説：
According to the PMI Guide to Business Analysis, a use case is a technique that describes how an actor interacts with a system or a process to achieve a specific goal. A use case can help to prevent problems from occurring in the implementation of a new application, as it can capture the functional requirements and the expected behavior of the system or the process, as well as the exceptions and alternative flows. A use case can also help to design and execute test cases that cover all the possible scenarios and outcomes. In this case, a use case could have prevented the problem of a worker using a field that was not supposed to be used, as it could have specified the valid inputs and outputs for the report, and the actions and responses of the system or the process. Prototyping, diagrams, and document analysis are other techniques that can help to analyze and communicate requirements, but they do not necessarily prevent problems from occurring in the implementation of a new application, as they do not describe the interactions and outcomes of the system or the process in detail. References: PMI Guide to Business Analysis, page 165-166.
質問 # 51
Two weeks prior to the delivery date, a customer changes the business requirements. What should the business analyst do?
- A. Schedule a review by the change control board (CCB) to determine next steps.
- B. Ask the developers to implement the changes.
- C. Trace the requirements and measure the impact of the requested changes on the existing delivery date.
- D. Deliver the existing product and then begin work on the requested changes.
正解：C
解説：
The business analyst should trace the requirements and measure the impact of the requested changes on the existing delivery date. Tracing the requirements means identifying the source, dependencies, and relationships of the requirements, and ensuring their alignment with the business needs, objectives, and expectations.
Measuring the impact of the changes means assessing how the changes will affect the scope, schedule, cost, quality, and risk of the project. These actions can help the business analyst and the project team to evaluate the feasibility and priority of the changes, and to communicate the implications and alternatives to the customer and other stakeholders. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA) Examination Content Outline1, page 23; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 131.
質問 # 52
How should a business analyst determine whether a solution satisfies business requirements?
- A. By reviewing the traceability matrix
- B. By evaluating the solution against the project charter
- C. By reviewing the results of user acceptance testing
- D. By conducting a brainstorming session with end users
正解：C
解説：
According to the PMI Guide to Business Analysis, user acceptance testing is a technique that involves verifying and validating that the solution meets the business requirements and satisfies the stakeholder needs and expectations. User acceptance testing is usually performed by the end users or their representatives, who evaluate the solution against predefined acceptance criteria and provide feedback on its functionality, usability, performance, quality, etc. User acceptance testing can help to determine whether a solution satisfies business requirements, as it can demonstrate that the solution delivers the intended business value and benefits, and that it meets or exceeds the stakeholder satisfaction. By reviewing the results of user acceptance testing, a business analyst can assess how well the solution meets business requirements, and identify any gaps or issues that need to be addressed or resolved. Evaluating the solution against the project charter, conducting a brainstorming session with end users, or reviewing the traceability matrix are other ways to analyze and validate requirements, but they do not necessarily determine whether a solution satisfies business requirements, as they do not involve testing or evaluating the solution in real or simulated conditions. References: PMI Guide to Business Analysis, page 317-318.
質問 # 53
How can a SWOT analysis help when deciding between several possible options to address a business problem?
- A. It can help the stakeholders identify the strengths and weaknesses of each option.
- B. It can help the product owner to determine opportunity cost of not choosing an option.
- C. It can help the stakeholders to determine how to avoid the threats of each option.
- D. It can help the project sponsor to determine the valuation of each option.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A SWOT analysis is a technique that helps to assess the internal and external factors that may affect the success of a solution or an option. A SWOT analysis involves identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of each option, and comparing them with the business problem and the desired outcomes. A SWOT analysis can help the stakeholders to evaluate the feasibility, viability, and desirability of each option, and to select the best one based on the strategic alignment and the business value. References:
PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline1, page 10; Business
Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 41.
質問 # 54
The project team has all the document control process and versioning in place to capture the requirements changes. The team ensures that the change is documented in the scope document, resulting in the changed work breakdown schedule (WBS) and schedule. However, a key requirement was not implemented in the release.
Which is a possible reason why the requirement was not implemented?
- A. The requirements traceability matrix was not updated with the change.
- B. The requirements management plan was not updated with the change.
- C. The schedule management plan was not updated with the change.
- D. The scope management plan was not updated with the change.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A requirements traceability matrix is a tool that links the requirements to their sources, objectives, and deliverables. It helps to track the status, changes, and verification of each requirement throughout the project life cycle. If the requirements traceability matrix was not updated with the change, it could result in a key requirement being missed or overlooked in the implementation. The other options are not likely to cause this problem. The requirements management plan is a document that describes how the requirements will be elicited, analyzed, documented, validated, and managed. The scope management plan is a document that describes how the project scope will be defined, controlled, and verified. The schedule management plan is a document that describes how the project schedule will be developed, monitored, and controlled. References:
PMI-PBA
Examination Content Outline, page 13; PMI-PBA
Reference List, page 1, BABOK
Guide v3,
page 39; 6.
質問 # 55
Which of the following can be used to determine if requirements align to the product's objectives?
- A. Activity network diagrams
- B. Context diagrams
- C. Five Whys
- D. Business use cases
正解：D
解説：
Explanation/Reference: https://sceweb.uhcl.edu/helm/RationalUnifiedProcess/process/modguide/md_bucm.htm
質問 # 56
How can a SWOT analysis help when deciding between several possible options to address a business problem?
- A. It can help the stakeholders identify the strengths and weaknesses of each option.
- B. It can help the product owner to determine opportunity cost of not choosing an option.
- C. It can help the stakeholders to determine how to avoid the threats of each option.
- D. It can help the project sponsor to determine the valuation of each option.
正解：A
解説：
A SWOT analysis is a technique that helps to assess the internal and external factors that may affect the success of a solution or an option. A SWOT analysis involves identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of each option, and comparing them with the business problem and the desired outcomes. A SWOT analysis can help the stakeholders to evaluate the feasibility, viability, and desirability of each option, and to select the best one based on the strategic alignment and the business value. References:
PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)Examination Content Outline1, page 10; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 41.
質問 # 57
A business analyst has incorporated all the relevant feedback from stakeholders in the business analysis plan.
Which next step should the business analyst take?
- A. Start documenting requirements.
- B. Store the document for safe keeping.
- C. Start implementing the project.
- D. Obtain approval on the plan.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The next step that the business analyst should take after incorporating all the relevant feedback from stakeholders in the business analysis plan is to obtain approval on the plan. The business analysis plan is a document that describes how the business analysis activities will be performed, managed, and controlled throughout the project. It should be approved by the key stakeholders before the business analyst starts documenting or implementing the requirements. The approval process ensures that the stakeholders agree on the scope, approach, deliverables, roles, and responsibilities of the business analysis work. Starting documenting requirements without obtaining approval on the plan is not advisable, as it may lead to confusion, rework, or conflicts among the stakeholders. Storing the document for safe keeping is not a productive step, as it does not communicate or validate the plan with the stakeholders. Starting implementing the project without obtaining approval on the plan is not feasible, as it may result in wasted resources, missed expectations, or failed outcomes. References: Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide 1, page 29-30; PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content Outline 2, page 13.
質問 # 58
Which technique or tool is used to obtain acceptance of the delivered product?
- A. Facilitated workshops
- B. Contextual inquiry
- C. Expert Judgment
- D. Inspection
正解：D
質問 # 59
During user acceptance testing, a defect is logged by a user from a department that did not participate in the requirements analysis. To avoid this situation and minimize impact on the project, the user should have been:
- A. given the opportunity to review the user acceptance test scripts.
- B. interviewed to understand how the user's work would be impacted.
- C. identified as a stakeholder as part of the stakeholder analysis.
- D. involved in the development and sign-off of the business requirements.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Stakeholder analysis is a process of identifying and analyzing the stakeholders who have an interest or influence on the project and its outcomes. Stakeholder analysis helps to ensure that the requirements are elicited from all relevant sources and that the stakeholders are appropriately engaged throughout the project.
By identifying the user from a department that did not participate in the requirements analysis as a stakeholder, the business analyst could have avoided the situation of logging a defect during user acceptance testing and minimized the impact on the project. Interviewing the user to understand how the user's work would be impacted, involving the user in the development and sign-off of the business requirements, and giving the user the opportunity to review the user acceptance test scripts are possible actions that could be taken after identifying the user as a stakeholder, but they are not sufficient to avoid the situation and minimize the impact on the project. References: PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)
Examination Content
Outline1, page 9; Business Analysis for Practitioners: A Practice Guide2, page 55.
質問 # 60
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